反相离子对液相色谱法测定左金丸中盐酸小檗碱和吴茱萸次碱含量

1引言 左金丸是由黄连与吴茱萸组成的中药复方制剂。该药物具有泻火、舒肝、和胃、止痛之功效。方中主药黄连具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒等作用，其主要活性成分为盐酸小檗碱；吴茱萸具有散寒止痛，降逆止呕，助阳止泻等作用，其主要活性成分之一为吴茱萸次碱。2000年版药典标准采用回沉提取结合柱色谱洗脱，并用分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱，没有监测吴茱萸活性成分的含量。国内已有几篇检测左金丸中盐酸小檗碱含量的文献报道，但是同时检测左金丸中盐酸小檗碱和吴茱萸次碱尚无报道。为了使左金丸的质量控制体系更完善，本实验采用反相液相色谱法建立了同时测定左金丸中上述2种药物主要活性成分的方法。     

羟甲芬太尼对离体器官阿片受体亚型的选择性

受体结合试验已经提示羟甲芬太尼可能是μ受体激动剂。本文研究羟甲芬太尼对离体器官阿片受体的作用。羟甲芬太尼对豚鼠迴肠与小鼠输精管电刺激引起的收缩有很强的抑制作用,它们的IC_(50)分别为0.15nM与0.89nM。在豚鼠迴肠与小鼠输精管,羟甲芬太尼的抑制作用容易被纳洛酮(μ受体拮抗剂)和Mr.2266(μ受体和k受体拮抗剂)拮抗,表明该化合物选择性作用于豚鼠迴肠与小白鼠输精管μ受体。和μ激动剂(D-Ala~2,MePhe~4,Gly-ol~5)脑啡肽一样,羟甲芬太尼在大鼠输精管只呈现激动活性,没有拮抗作用。在兔输精管(含单一的k受体),羟甲芬太尼作用很弱,IC_(50)高达149nM,比豚鼠迴肠上的作用弱1000倍。这些结果进一步证明羟甲芬太尼是一个强效的选择性μ受体激动剂。     

黄柏生物碱成分在二妙丸类方中保护尿酸盐致人血管内皮细胞损伤作用及其配伍变化的研究

研究对二妙丸类方(二妙丸、三妙丸、四妙丸和加味四妙丸)起重要作用的基本方二妙丸的物质基础及其配伍变化. 正交组合二妙丸类方组方药有效部位, 四氮唑盐(MTT)法评价优选出对保护尿酸钠结晶(MSU)致人血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)损伤起重要作用的二妙丸黄柏生物碱部位, HPLC/DVD法建立黄柏生物碱部位指纹图谱, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析共有峰成分, 鉴定了12个生物碱成分, 并比较了二妙丸类方有效部位群HPLC/DVD指纹图谱配伍类方前后黄柏生物碱共有峰相对峰面积比值的变化. 结果表明, 黄柏生物碱配伍二妙丸及其类方后总相对含量分别为122.9%, 80.7%, 60.2%和94.2%, 小檗碱、巴马汀等重要生物碱也呈现较大的变化趋势, 茵芋碱、5-羟基小檗碱和四氢巴马汀等成分配伍二妙丸类方后消失. 研究显示, 基本方二妙丸中的黄柏生物碱是二妙丸类方中保护HUVEC起重要作用的物质基础, 其相对含量变化与配伍类方后的功效变化一致.     

硝酸稀土的急性毒性研究

对硝酸稀土的急性毒性进行了研究。(1)经口半数致死剂量测定,用寇氏法对雌雄各半的大鼠及雌性小鼠随机分组,隔夜停食,灌胃染毒,以氧化物计LD_(50)为997毫克/公斤和990毫克/公斤,用粗略法给雌性豚鼠染毒,LD_(50)为737毫克/公斤,结果属低毒物质。(2)选无皮肤疾患家兔6只于背部进行四种浓度的斑贴试验,观察皮肤反应。选无眼部疾患的家兔6只,右眼用硝酸溶液作对照,左眼结膜囊染毒观察变化,按标准评定结果,硝酸稀土对皮肤原发刺激指数为2～5,具有中等度刺激作用,对眼粘膜具有轻度刺激作用。     

橙皮甙与橙皮甙铜配合物生物活性的比较研究

试验结果表明，橙皮甙配合铜离子后，其抗炎性水肿作用和对小白鼠的体胃肠平滑肌推进运动加强，但对家兔离体肠管平滑肌则起先抑制、后兴奋的作用，口服途径较注射橙皮甙铜配合物的抗炎作用降低，可能与口服后该配合物易在消化道被解离，影响了铜离子吸收有关。     

吸收度线性组合法测定左金丸等中成药含量

吸收度线性组合法测定左金丸等中成药含量杨胜华，陈惠贞，熊新科，张晓宏（华西医科大学药学院成都６１００４１）关键词吸收度线性组合法，左金丸，中成药左金丸、戊已丸等中成药由黄连、吴茱萸和白芍组成。君药黄连的主要成分含量测定已有报导￣［１，２］，各有特点。...     

含（1—芳乙酰胺基—2—叔胺基）乙烷结构的六氢—1H—1，4—二氮Zhuo类化合物的合成与镇痛活性

2－或－5－取代的六氢－1H－1，4－二氮Zhuo类化合物（1－3）经单酰化及酰化反应后，合成了16个带有（1－芳乙酰胺基－2－叔胺基）乙烷结构的六氢－1H，1－4二氮Zhuo类目标化合物（5－9，11－13，15－17，19－23），经元素分析，IR，MS和^1H NMR确证了其组成和结构。对所有目标化合物都进行了豚鼠回肠试验，初步药理试验表明，16个化合物对受试标本显示不同程度的抑制作用，对抑制率较高的两个化合物和5和7测试了IC50值。对在豚鼠肠试验中显示较强激动作用的4个化合物进行了小鼠扭体法镇痛活性试验，测得了其ED50值。     

Ce3+对大白鼠和豚鼠心肌的影响

研究了Ｃｅ＾３＋对离体豚鼠心房收缩,离体豚鼠乳头肌及在体大白鼠心肌动作电位的影响。浓度为０．０５ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１的Ｃｅ＾３＋溶液可抑制豚鼠右心房的自律性和左心房的收缩。０．１和０．２ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１Ｃｅ＾３＋溶液对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位时程影响不显著。     

异丙基膦酸单（1—己基—4—乙基）辛酯的某些基本常数的测定

用两相滴定法测定异丙基膦酸单酯在水中的溶解度Ｓ，在水中的解离常数Ｋ，在水－正庚烷中的分配常数Ｋｄ及二聚常数Ｋ２，利用ＳＯＬＶＥＲ计算程序，简单快速地处理两相滴定数据。     

超高效液相色谱 - 四极杆 - 静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速鉴定左归降糖舒心方化学成分

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱－四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术（UHPLC－Q－Exactive－Orbitrap－MS）的左归降糖舒心方化学成分的快速分析方法。左归降糖舒心方水煎液高速离心后取上清液,以Xbridge BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm,2.6 μm）分离,0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱在电喷雾正、负离子模式下进行检测,Xcalibur 4.3和Compound Discoverer 3.2软件进行数据处理。从左归降糖舒心方水煎液中共鉴定出290个化学成分,包括224个已知的化学成分,涵盖黄酮类、苯丙素类、酚类、皂苷类、有机酸类、生物碱类、核苷类、环烯醚萜类、寡糖等9种主要结构类型,此外66个化合物为新发现的成分,主要为氨基酸/小肽类结构类型。该方法可快速、准确地鉴定左归降糖舒心方水煎液中的化学成分,为进一步研究左归降糖舒心方的药效物质基础,指导临床合理用药以及后期实验研究提供参考依据。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.