海天复杂背景下红外目标的检测跟踪算法

在分析海天复杂背景下红外目标图像特征的基础上,提出适合该环境的红外目标检测算法.该算法采用行均值相减的方法抑制海平面非线性温度场的影响,并进行中值滤波处理.对于更加复杂的环境,选用数学形态滤波法抑制背景中的大面积云团或海浪,从而确定出目标区域来进行目标图像的分割及增强.同时,综合使用图像捕获区域指定、运动目标检测法、弱目标的增强提取、记忆外推功能、数据融合加权跟踪方法,来保证在海天复杂背景下红外目标的可靠跟踪.实验表明,该算法能较好地处理海天复杂背景下红外目标的检测,且算法易于硬件实现,提高目标检测的实时效率.     

基于对称差分和光流估计的红外弱小目标检测

针对复杂天空背景条件下低信噪比的红外弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于对称差分和光流估计相结合的目标检测算法。对序列红外图像做对称差分运算,通过图像差减运算和自适应阈值分割提取目标可能的运动区域,并对区域做扩张和叠加处理,得到连续帧间目标可能出现的区域。计算每个区域红外图像的光流场,对光流场进行阈值分割,辅以数学形态学滤波等方法,检测区域中的目标。该算法充分利用对称差分运算计算量小和光流检测准确度高的特点,在保证检测准确度的同时大大减少了目标检测算法的计算量。实验及结果分析表明,基于对称差分和光流估计的目标检测算法能实时有效地检测出复杂天空背景下的红外弱小目标。     

采用视觉细胞响应模型的小目标复杂背景抑制

为了提高地面和云层等红外复杂背景下弱小目标的检测性能,提出了一种基于视觉细胞响应模型的红外弱小目标背景抑制新方法.首先利用简单细胞的感受野计算模型将原始图像采用Gabor函数卷积获得相同大小的两幅图像|然后采用设计的复杂细胞响应的非线性汇聚策略函数对获得的两幅图像进行融合处理,从而将红外图像中弱小目标和背景杂波分离,达到抑制背景的目的|最后采用自适应阈值分割技术得到目标点,实现了对红外弱小目标的检测跟踪.实验结果显示,与去局部均值和最大中值滤波两种滤波方法相比较,该方法能有效地检测出信杂比较低的弱小目标信号.     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

红外图像掠海小目标的检测算法研究

针对红外图像掠海小目标信噪比低，且易受到水天线和背景杂波干扰的特点，提出了一种红外掠海小目标的提取与检测算法。该方法的特点是：首先采用中值滤波来减小噪声，并提出了差方和算法，用以抑制背景噪声并对目标增强；再采用了图像行扫描法有效地滤除水天线；最后通过弱化背景边缘和阈值分割等综合算法得到候选小目标。仿真结果表明，该算法达到了较好的效果。     

基于自适应双层TDLMS滤波的红外小目标检测

提出了一种自适应滤波的红外小目标检测算法,该方法由背景去除与目标提取两层二维最小均方滤波器构成.分别引入背景模板与目标模板,结合二维最小均方滤波方法对原始红外图像进行处理,有效地剔除了背景噪声与杂波,同时尽可能地保留了目标信息.在算法实现过程中,提出了一种步长自动调整算法,通过图像的统计参数自适应调整步长的大小,可迭代出TDLMS滤波器的最优权值,再与权重模板相融合,有效增强了目标的检测效果.实验结果表明,该方法能够适应不同背景下的目标检测,有效提高了红外小目标的检测性能.     

基于结构张量分析的弱小目标单帧检测

针对复杂场景图像由于背景边缘干扰和噪声导致弱小目标检测困难的问题,提出了一种基于结构张量分析的弱小目标单帧检测方法.利用结构张量对不同局部结构的表示特性,通过计算结构张量特征值矩阵和均值滤波得到点状和矩形状目标的结构张量响应图;采用高斯差分带通滤波器计算灰度差分图;通过归一化融合处理得到最终响应图;采用自适应阈值分割得到目标位置.采用该方法对天空、海面等多种场景的红外图像和可见光图像进行实验,并与典型方法对比,结果表明该方法能够有效地抑制背景干扰和噪声、快速且准确地检测目标.     

一种新的激光雷达距离像噪声抑制方法

主要针对激光雷达距离像的距离反常噪声抑制问题,阐述了激光雷达距离像的噪声原理,分析了应用传统中值滤波方法抑制距离反常噪声的缺陷,提出了基于包围准则的自适应中值滤波算法。该方法首先根据包围准则检测噪声,对5×5滤波窗口内的像素值进行排序差分;然后选择低于门限长度最长的连续差分值对应的像素值作为距离正常值;最后运用中值滤波和加权均值滤波进行噪声抑制。实验结果表明,该方法有效抑制了距离反常噪声,且较好地保护了距离图像中目标的边缘细节,均方根误差分别比3×3和5×5窗口中值滤波法减少了27.1%和9.1%。     

多尺度各向异性扩散方程的红外弱小目标检测算法

针对复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测效果不佳的问题,结合多尺度分析法和各向异性扩散方程,利用图像尺度和方向信息,提出一种新的红外弱小目标检测算法.首先,采用Surfacelet变换对图像进行多尺度、多方向分解,得到不同尺度下高频子带系数和低频子带系数;其次根据不同频带的特点,分别采用改进的各向异性扩散方程差分滤波和局部去均值滤波对高频子带系数和低频子带系数进行处理;最后,采用逆Surfacelet变换重构处理后的子带系数,并采用自适应阈值分割对重构的图像进行分割,以实现目标检测.采用多组红外图像进行试验,并与小波滤波以及各向异性扩散滤波进行比较,实验结果显示,该算法能有效抑制背景及其边缘,可以获得比另外两种算法更好的红外弱小目标检测效果.     

一种复杂背景下红外小目标检测算法

为了解决复杂背景下小目标的识别,提高检测速度的问题,提出了一种改进的中值滤波方法.用其进行背景抑制,保护了图像细节,提高了处理的实时性.在分析小目标图像特点的基础上,提出了采用击中击不中变换对图像进行分割,达到探测目标的目的.仿真结果验证了该算法是一种实时有效,且易于实现的目标探测方法.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.