基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪

针对红外掠海小目标对比度低,容易受到噪声、海面杂波、云层等干扰,导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪方法。通过对红外成像系统进行分析,利用拉普拉斯滤波抑制背景噪声,根据图像中海天线的位置信息,确定目标所在区域并进行目标检测。检测出可疑目标后,利用其灰度、尺寸、面积等特征信息,选出真实目标进行跟踪。实验结果表明,该算法对红外掠海小目标有很好的跟踪效果。     

基于NiosII的红外图像灰度变换系统设计

提出了一种基于NiosII的红外图像灰度变换设计方案,并详细介绍了红外图像灰度变换算法以及系统硬、软件设计以及实现方法。针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种基于平台直方图均衡的红外图像灰度变换算法,并在CycloneII系列FPGA上实现了该算法,其处理单元采用嵌入式处理器软核NiosII。实验结果表明,该系统能很好地实现红外图形灰度变换,并在一定程度上抑制了背景,提升了目标。     

一种基于小波分析的小目标检测算法

红外小目标检测技术由于其重要的军事意义成为研究热点。根据目标、噪声和背景边缘在小波域的不同特点,提出一种基于小波分析的红外小目标检测算法。该算法利用小波对奇异信号强有力的分析能力,消除了噪声和背景边缘对小目标检测的干扰,实现目标的检出。仿真实验证明该方法对红外图像中的小目标有比较理想的检测效果。     

自适应红外目标特征增强算法

利用直方图均衡化和灰度变换增强算法,不能有效增强红外图像目标。鉴于此,在研究红外图像特点的基础上,提出了一种自适应红外目标特征增强算法。该算法先对红外图像进行中值滤波,滤除掉图像中的随机噪声,然后利用直方图分割将红外图像分为目标和背景2部分,通过线性加权叠加抑制背景和增强目标。实验表明,该算法不仅能够根据红外图像中目标的灰度特性自适应地选取直方图分割阈值,而且在去除噪声和增加对比度的同时还抑制了背景,达到了预期的效果。该算法尤其适用于目标和背景像素比例相近时直方图具有局域双峰特征的红外图像中目标的增强。     

一种复杂海天背景下红外弱小目标检测算法

红外弱小目标的检测是红外搜索跟踪系统(IRST)中的一项关键技术,常用的目标检测算法存在受海杂波严重、虚警率较高等问题,分析了海天背景下红外图像的背景、小目标的特征,提出了一种海杂波背景下的红外小目标检测算法。首先统计图像的行均值和梯度,用最小二乘法拟合出海天线,然后利用形态学算子抑制图像背景,并采用自适应阈值将图像二值化,最后分析图像的梯度特征,抑制海杂波和云层的干扰。实验结果表明,该方法能精确地提取海天线,稳定地提取海天背景下的弱小目标,虚警率低于5%,目标检测概率超过97%。     

基于Nios Ⅱ的红外图像灰度变换系统设计

提出了一种基于Nios Ⅱ的红外图像灰度变换设计方案,并详细介绍了红外图像灰度变换算法以及系统硬、软件设计以及实现方法.针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种基于平台直方图均衡的红外图像灰度变换算法,并在Cyclone Ⅱ系列FPGA上实现了该算法,其处理单元采用嵌入式处理器软核Nios Ⅱ.实验结果表明,该系统能很好地实现红外图形灰度变换,并在一定程度上抑制了背景,提升了目标.     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

基于自适应频域滤波的红外弱小目标检测技术

研究复杂背景下弱小目标检测问题对提高靶场光电设备探测能力具有重要意义.根据红外图像的背景复杂程度,提出一种自适应高斯高通滤波算法.该算法利用改进中值滤波器对图像进行降噪,采用图像方差加权熵,定量描述红外图像背景复杂程度,根据图像背景复杂程度自动调整滤波器截止频率,实现不同背景下红外弱小目标自动检测,并利用靶场实测光电图像对算法进行了验证.实验结果表明该算法能够有效地在不同图像背景下检测到弱小目标.     

一种基于小波变换的红外小目标去噪算法

 研究了复杂背景下红外小目标图像的去噪问题，鉴于小波阈值法去噪的缺点，结合小波变换的去相关性和能量紧支性，提出一种新的去噪方法。考虑到实际中的复杂背景和大量干扰，弱小目标通常占有很少像素，首先对红外小目标图像进行二级小波变换，然后根据新的算法对变换所得小波细节系数进行邻域运算，最后通过小波逆变换得到处理后的图像。 实验中采用Db3小波基函数，分别对两帧低信噪比原始图像进行仿真。仿真结果表明，该算法能很好地保存小目标的形状特征，抑制背景，达到较好的去噪效果。     

融合全卷积神经网络和视觉显著性的红外小目标检测

为提高复杂背景和噪声干扰下红外小目标检测性能,提出了融合深度神经网络和视觉目标显著性的单阶段红外小目标检测算法.首先设计了基于编码器-解码器架构的轻量级全卷积神经网络对红外图像进行分割,实现背景抑制和目标增强;然后利用红外小目标的显著性特征进一步抑制虚警;最后采用自适应阈值法分离出小目标.网络结构中通过引入多个下采样层降低计算量并增大感受野;通过引入多尺度特征提升背景抑制能力;通过引入注意力机制提升模型训练效果.在真实红外图像上的测试表明,本文算法在检测率、虚警率和运算时间等方面都优于典型红外小目标检测算法,适合进行复杂背景下的红外小目标检测.     

Automatic detection of sea-sky horizon line and small targets in maritime infrared imagery

It is usually difficult but important to extract distant targets from sea clutters and clouds since the targets are small compared to the pixel field of view. In this paper, an algorithm based on wavelet transformation is proposed for automatic detection of small targets under the maritime background. We recognize that the distant small targets generally appear near the sea-sky horizon line and noises lie along the direction of sea-sky horizon line. So the sea-sky horizon is located firstly by examining the approximate image of a Haar wavelet decomposition of the original image. And the equation of the sea-sky horizon is set up, no matter whether the sea-sky horizon is horizontal or not. Since the sea-sky horizon is located, not only the potential area but also the strip direction of noise is got. Then the modified mutual wavelet energy combination algorithm is applied to extract targets with targets being marked by red windows. Computer simulations are shown to validate the great adaptability of the sea-sky horizon line detection and the accuracy of the small targets detection. The algorithm should be useful to engineers and scientists to design precise guidance or maritime monitoring system.     

Detection of infrared small target based on fusion of multi-filters北大核心CSCD

Aiming at solving accuracy problem of infrared small target detection in sky and ocean background scenarios of infrared image sequences, a novel infrared small target detection based on multi-filters algorithm fusion method is presented in this paper. Firstly infrared small target and imaging, time and space characteristics of the corresponding background noise are analyzed. Tophat algorithm with improved Robinson guard filter are then integrated to highlight target and suppress clutter background by using infrared small target imaging features. Adaptive threshold segmentation is used to extract candidate targets, while Unger smoothing filter and multi-objects association filter are used to eliminate random noise and false targets in the candidate targets. Multiple experiments of infrared small target image sequences are implemented, and experimental results show that proposed method can detect infrared small targets at 99% detection rate with high reliability and good real-time performance. © 2017, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

红外运动小目标的检测

通过分析天空背景下红外运动小目标、噪音以及背景的特征,提出一种检测方法·首先利用向量小波变换对运动图像进行预处理;其次采用图像差分进行目标的粗检测,提取出候选目标;最后可根据运动目标和噪音的特征对候选目标进行识别,检测出真实的运动小目标·实验证明,该方法可有效检测天空背景下红外运动小目标·     

一种基于特征提取的相关跟踪算法

介绍了一种能稳定快速跟踪复杂背景下目标的算法,该算法在传统相关跟踪算法的基础上进行改进.当目标进入红外(电视)摄像机视场时,视频信号中包含有目标信息和背景信息,信号处理器先将此信号进行数字化处理,形成具有一定灰度等级的数字化图像阵列,然后采用边缘检测、阈值分割等算法对包含有目标信息的图像进行边缘处理,提取出具有特征的目...     

基于核各向异性扩散的红外小目标检测

为了减少红外图像中背景边缘对检测的影响,提出了一种具有鲁棒性的弱小目标检测算法,该算法利用核各向异性扩散模型进行背景预测,再与原图像差分实现弱小目标检测。为了提高算法的自适应能力,提出了一种鲁棒性扩散系数,能够根据图像背景的起伏程度自适应调整扩散系数曲线的陡峭程度。实验结果表明,与现有的检测算法相比,该算法能够在不同类型的复杂背景下有效抑制背景及其边缘,保留目标大小,降低虚警率,具有更强的鲁棒性。     

图像局部熵用于小目标检测研究

分析了局部熵用于小目标检测时造成目标范围扩散等问题的原因,并提出了熵增长方法.该方法用于点目标检测可避免发生目标范围扩散现象.由于边缘纹理和点目标在熵增长处理过程中表现出截然相反的属性,故可避免边缘纹理对于小目标检测产生的严重干扰.该方法也可用于不受噪声干扰的边缘检测.针对相同信噪比目标在不同背景亮度中具有不同熵值和增长量的问题,提出用方差增长替代熵增长,使相同信噪比目标在不同背景亮度中表现出相同的增长量值,降低了后续目标分割的难度.试验表明,熵增长方法和方差增长方法能够有效检测1或2像素大小的点目标,并不受背景中边缘纹理的干扰.对算法的复杂度进行了分析,并提出采用双通道并行流水线方式实现工程化的设计思路.     

Infrared dim-small target tracking via singular value decomposition and improved Kernelized correlation filter

Infrared small target tracking plays an important role in applications including military reconnaissance, early warning and terminal guidance. In this paper, an effective algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the improved Kernelized Correlation Filter (KCF) is presented for infrared small target tracking. Firstly, the super performance of the SVD-based algorithm is that it takes advantage of the target's global information and obtains a background estimation of an infrared image. A dim target is enhanced by subtracting the corresponding estimated background with update from the original image. Secondly, the KCF algorithm is combined with Gaussian Curvature Filter (GCF) to eliminate the excursion problem. The GCF technology is adopted to preserve the edge and eliminate the noise of the base sample in the KCF algorithm, helping to calculate the classifier parameter for a small target. At last, the target position is estimated with a response map, which is obtained via the kernelized classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm performs favorably in terms of efficiency and accuracy, compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms.     

基于双边滤波的弱小目标背景抑制

 为解决红外弱小目标检测技术中结构化背景抑制的难题,利用双边滤波集成了图像几何、光度和局部结构相似性等信息并以非迭代、局部操作的优点,提出了一种基于双边滤波的红外弱小目标背景抑制算法,并引入了局部梯度的统计特性来抑制背景细节、增强目标信息,从而达到更好抑制图像中的背景,突出目标图像,提高图像整体对比度、信噪比的目的。实验结果显示,与小波滤波算法比较,该算法对含有弱小目标的复杂背景从主观视觉和数值指标都具有良好抑制效果。     

Lateralization of coherent and incoherent targets added to a diotic background

Lateralization responses to noise targets were obtained in a diotic noise background. On each trial, a noise target was added to the background noise in one earphone. Subjects were required to identify the earphone containing the target. Noise targets were either coherent or incoherent with the background. The long-term power spectrum of the incoherent target was identical to that of the background noise, and its amplitude was adjusted so that the addition of either the coherent or incoherent target to the background produced the same average increment in power. When 50-ms noise targets were presented in the middle of a 750-ms diotic background, lateralization thresholds were lower for the incoherent targets. The advantage with incoherent targets was shown to depend on the temporal relationships between target and masker. Superior performance with incoherent targets is inconsistent with predictions based on an analysis of interaural phase and amplitude differences. Models based on interaural subtraction, on the other hand, are able to account for the lateralization advantage shown by incoherent targets but are unable to account for the variations in threshold produced by altering the temporal relationships between target and masker.     

天空背景下飞行器结构特征提取的新方法

针对天空背景下低信噪比的飞行器,提出了一种基于SUSAN算法、灰色系统理论和数学形态学相结合的飞行器结构特征提取的新方法。在Visual C++6.0平台下,首先利用SUSAN算法从背景中提取飞行器的结构边缘信息,并与原图像相加实现目标增强;然后用灰色系统理论检测出飞行器的结构特征边缘;最后利用条件膨胀和重构算法,实现云层的抑制,并重构出飞行器目标。实验结果表明:该方法对于实现飞行器的跟踪、结构特征提取以及事后判读有重要的意义,同时验证了该方法的可行性。