脉动流在分叉管中通栓效果的晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究

血栓引发的各种心血管疾病一直威胁着人们的健康. 在已经产生血栓的血管中, 脉动对于疏通血管有良好的作用. 由于血液的黏滞作用以及红细胞的惯性, 脉动流的频率会影响血管通栓的效果. 在分叉管模型中, 低压差的条件下, 由于另一畅通管子的导通作用减少了回流, 导致通栓效果不理想. 通过增大压差和提高脉动流的振幅, 降低畅通管子导通作用的影响, 研究脉动流在分叉管中的通栓效果. 研究发现, 脉动低频通栓效果好, 但是通栓需要的时间较长; 高频通栓时间短, 但是当频率高于一定值, 则通栓效果不明显. 细胞和管壁的摩察系数对通栓效果也有影响.     

脉动流血液通栓的晶格玻尔兹曼模型

本文把血浆看为水,红细胞当作密度为水的悬浮刚性小球,模拟脉动流在锥形管的中的通栓.首先在一定的压积和压差下,在锥形管中产生稳定的栓塞,然后用脉动流来通栓.改变脉动流的频率研究脉动流通栓的条件.     

脉动流化床内球柱形颗粒流动行为研究

本文结合离散单元模型和计算流体力学方法对脉动流化床内气固流动特性进行数值模拟。结果表明,脉动气流的波形和振幅对球柱形颗粒的流动行为有明显的影响。方波脉动气流作用下的时均颗粒总平动和旋转动能最大,其次是正弦波脉动和三角波脉动,恒定气流下的最小。功率谱分析结果可以发现方波气流下主频幅度最大,其次是正弦波、三角波和恒定气流。此外,方波气流的脉动振幅越大,时均颗粒总平动和旋转动能越大,压降功率谱主频的幅值越大。     

基于双波长时域合成技术的微波光子波形产生

方波、三角波和锯齿波等微波波形在医学成像、高速通信和高精度测量系统中具有广泛应用.本文提出了一种基于双波长时域合成技术的微波光子波形产生方案,该方案主要采用两个激光器、两个马赫-曾德尔调制器、一个波分复用器和一个可调光延时线.理论分析了方案中方波、锯齿波和三角波波形的时域合成原理,并通过实验成功产生了2.5 GHz重复频率的方波、锯齿波和三角波波形.实验结果与理论分析相符合,验证了该波形产生方案的可行性.并且该系统具有良好的可调谐特性,通过改变微波源的调制频率,可以实现输出微波光子波形的重复频率调谐.实验也成功产生了5 GHz重复频率的方波、锯齿波和三角波波形.     

脉动流方柱绕流特性研究

本文数值模拟雷诺数Re=100的条件下,脉动流振幅和频率分别为0.2≤A≤0.8和0≤f_P≤20 Hz时方柱绕流特性.通过数值计算得到方柱绕流的升、阻力系数,涡脱频率及尾涡特性,且稳定流下计算结果与文献结果一致。研究结果表明脉动流是一种有效的主动流动控制方法;在脉动流频率f_P为1.2~2.6自然涡脱频率f_(sn)时,旋涡脱落频率存在"锁定"现象;在锁定范围内,尾涡形成区域变短,时均阻力系数显著增大,且在脉动流频率等于两倍频率时,时均阻力系数达到峰值;随着振幅的增大,频率"锁定"范围增大。     

管外流诱导管束振动强化传热试验研究

本文提出了利用管外流体诱导振动实现强化传热的新方法.采用了一种新的传热元件-弹性管束,它对管外流体流动具有良好的振动响应特性.提出了正置三角柱脉动流发生装置,该装置可诱导起弹性管束一定频率的周期性振动,并对强化传热具有显著的促进作用.在恒热流条件下,对管外水流诱导振动强化对流换热规律进行了试验研究,得到了管外对流换热的准则方程式.     

合成冷/热射流控制超声速边界层流动稳定性

为了探究超声速边界层流动稳定性及其转捩控制机理,提出基于合成冷/热射流的边界层速度-温度耦合控制方法,并通过数值模拟研究了Ma=4.5超声速平板边界层不稳定波的传播,采用线性稳定性理论中的时间模式分析了壁面吹吸、射流温度、扰动频率、扰动振幅等对不稳定波控制效果的影响.结果表明:无射流控制时,边界层内同时存在不稳定的第一模态扰动波和第二模态扰动波,且二维波形式的第二模态占主导地位;壁面吹吸作用下,仅出现更加不稳定的第二模态,第一模态被抑制;速度-温度耦合控制下,射流温度对扰动模态的不稳定区域大小及扰动增长率影响显著,射流温度与来流温度不同时,温度的脉动使得流动转捩为湍流的速度加快,边界层速度型更加饱满,抗干扰能力增强,流动稳定性提高;高频的吹吸扰动对流场的控制效果优于低频扰动,扰动频率超过400 Hz时,第二模态扰动波时间增长率降低,扰动分量对边界层速度剖面和温度剖面的修正加快,第二模态更加稳定;扰动振幅减小为主流速度的1%时,仅出现时间增长率较小的第二模态,控制效果较好,进一步减小时,第一模态重新出现,并且波数范围与第二模态先重合后分离,对应的时间增长率先增加后减小.研究结果为边界层转捩控制技术提供了新的思路.     

基于注入锁定增强高次谐波的任意波形产生

提出一种基于注入锁定技术增强高次谐波的任意波形产生方案。通过注入锁定技术放大并增强高次和偶次谐波,将获得的高次谐波和非线性调制产生的第一和第三次谐波进行时域叠加,可合成高阶的三角波、矩形波。将注入锁定增强的偶次谐波和非线性调制产生的第一和第三次谐波进行时域叠加可合成高阶锯齿波和反锯齿波。通过实验,本文成功产生了频率为5GHz的五阶三角波、五阶矩形波、三阶锯齿波和三阶反锯齿波。理论与实验结果表明:五阶三角波与矩形波的方均根误差比同时产生的三阶相同波形提升了10%～37%;可以通过增加注入锁定的支路数来获得更高阶近似的波形。     

利用脉冲多普勒技术分析涡流

提出了一种利用脉冲多普勒技术分析涡流的方法。首先用合适的滤波器从估计出的平均频率波形得到涡流的波形，然后计算涡流的经过频率、幅度和最大旋转速度。文中还给出了这种方法对从卡尔曼涡流产生器记录的稳流和脉动流多普勒信号的分析结果。     

斜入射冲击波加载下PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的放电特性研究

 研究了冲击波倾斜入射PZT95/5铁电陶瓷时的放电特性。结果表明,在小负载条件下,随着入射倾斜角的增加,PZT95/5铁电陶瓷放电电流波形前沿变缓,脉宽时间增加,波形从单脉冲方波演变成梯形波,甚至锐变成三角波。     

Pressure disturbances and strained premixed flames

A mathematical model is presented for pressure interactions with premixed flames in a prescribed strained velocity field. A stability analysis is carried out including pressure disturbances and an approximate frequency condition obtained. For positive strain the unsteady analysis indicates that the pulsating instability is suppressed. However, for a converging flow (negative strain), the instability is encouraged. Furthermore, the change of the neutral stability boundary in parameter space is explored, showing that a sharp pressure reduction makes the pulsating instability much more accessible.     

Flow visualization of vortex structure in a pulsed rectangular jet

Pulsating jet is visualized using hydrogen bubble method to clarify the vortex nature in the near field of the jet. This study focused on the development in space and time of vortex structures evolution in low aspect-ratio rectangular jet with pulsation. Pulsation means large-amplitude, low-frequency excitation which is expected to increase the mixing and spreading of the jet and to accelerate its transition from a rectangular form to an axisymmetric form. It was deemed appropriate to investigate whether jet characteristics of a pulsating, submerged jet flow can be altered by including pulsations. The difference of the vortex deformation process is discussed in relation to pulsating conditions. Consequently, the pulsation leads to the formation of vortices at regular intervals, which are larger than those occurring in a steady jet. The results show that the streamwise interaction, between leading vortex and trailing vortex rolled up at nozzle lips, strengthens with increasing pulsating frequency. The spanwise drift of the vortex becomes strongly apparent at large amplitude and high frequency conditions. The drifting start position does not change regardless of pulsating condition. The convection velocity of vortex increases at lower frequency and larger amplitude.     

Suppression effect of jet flow on pulsating pressure of cavity using scale-adaptive simulation model

The suppression of the aerodynamic noise in the cavity has a great significance to solve relevant puzzles of weapon bays.Acoustic field of the standard cavity model is simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics technology based on scale-adaptive simulation(SAS)model.The results obtained by the proposed method in this paper show reasonable agreement with experiments.On the basis of this,effect of different jet flow rates on the time-averaged variables,turbulent kinetic energy,root mean square(RMS)of sound pressure,sound sources distribution and the pulsating pressure distribution in the cavity is studied.The analysis shows that the jet flow has great influence on the cavity flow field and the distribution of pulsating pressure RMS by changing the morphology of the shear layer.The most obvious of these measures is spout4 configuration,the influence mainly in the form of reducing the pulsating pressure of the whole cavity and changing the sound pressure level in the far field.The results show that different jet flow rates have different control effects on pulsating pressure in the cavity and sound pressure level in the far field.Furthermore,the jet flow rates and the suppression effect on the pulsating pressure have no linear relation.     

Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine with ellipsoidal reflector

Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional(2 D) non-splitting unstructured triangular mesh Euler solver based on the space-time conservation element and solution element(CE/SE) method is employed to simulate the flow field of a PDE.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the external flow field of the PDE. The effect of an ellipsoidal reflector on the flow field characteristic near the PDE exit is investigated. The formation process of reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock are reported in detail. An acoustic measurement system is established for the PDE acoustic testing. The experimental results show that the ellipsoidal reflector changes the sound waveform and directivity of PDE sound. The reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock result in two more positive pressure peaks in the sound waveform. The ellipsoidal reflector changes the directivity of PDE sound from 20 to 0. It is found that the peak sound pressure level(PSPL) and overall sound pressure level(OASPL) each obtain an increment when the PDE is installed with a reflector. The maximum relative increase ratio of PSPL and OASPL are obtained at the focus point F2, whose values are 6.1% and 6.84% respectively. The results of the duration of the PDE sound indicate that the reflecting and focusing wave generated by the reflector result in the increment of A duration and B duration before and near focus point F2. Results show that the ellipsoidal reflector has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound. The research is helpful for understanding the influence of an ellipsoidal reflector on the formation and propagation process of PDE sound.     

Density Waves in One-Dimensional Granular Flows Driven by Non-Uniform Force Field

We introduce a non-uniform gravity-like force field to control the granular flow state in a quasi-one-dimensional system, and study the system by the molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the granular flow under non-uniform force field can be well described by a density wave with fixed time period if a fixed particle number condition is used. The base frequency of the density wave does not depend on the position of the flow, while both the average density and oscillation amplitude of the flow vary continuously with the position. The formation of the density wave results from the aggregation of the granules in the decelerated region and the feed-back mechanism in the fixed particle number condition.     

Density Waves in One-Dimensional Granular Flows Driven by Non-Uniform Force Field

We introduce a non-uniform gravity-like force field to control the granular flow state in a quasi-onedimensional system, and study the system by the molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the granular flow under non-uniform force field can be well described by a density wave with fixed time period if a fixed particle number condition is used. The base frequency of the density wave does not depend on the position of the flow, while both the average density and oscillation amplitude of the flow vary continuously with the position. The formation of the density wave results from the aggregation of the granules in the decelerated region and the feed-back mechanism in the fixed particle number condition.     

A study on generation of noise by high-speed pulsating jets

This paper describes the noise generation in an exhaust system of a reciprocating engine and focuses on the noise generated by shock/vortex interaction. The pulsating flow through the exhaust pipe consists of the compression and expansion wave, shock wave being generated by the non-linearity of the compression wave at its head. The jet noise is produced when the pulsating flow is discharged from the pipe end into atmosphere. The numerical simulation based on a finite difference method and experiment were made, the result of both of them being compared. First, the flow field in the pipe was obtained to easily discuss the characteristic of the pulsating jet in terms of the pressure history in the pipe. The jet structure was visualized by using schlieren and shadowgraph techniques. Sound pressure measurements at various locations were made in order to survey the directivity of the noise. The comparison between the result of numerical calculation and experiment showed a good agreement. A noise source related to shock/vortex interaction was confirmed by the numerical study clearly.