共沸蒸馏法制备CuO-ZnO/Al2O3催化剂及其对催化性能的影响

以异丁醇为共沸溶剂,采用共沸蒸馏-共沉淀方法制备了Cu基CuO-ZnO/Al₂O₃负载型催化剂。 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重差热(TG/DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段对产物形貌和结构进行了表征。 结果表明,共沸蒸馏能有效脱除前驱体溶胶中的游离水,抑制粒子之间的团聚;同时异丁醇与聚乙二醇共同作用影响颗粒的Ostwald熟化,使粒度分布均匀、分散性能优异、增强了催化剂中CuO组分分散性。 在固定床反应器中对CO₂加氢直接合成甲醇的催化性能进行了评价。 考察了不同催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,与直接干燥法制备的催化剂相比,共沸蒸馏法制备的催化剂具有更好的催化性能和催化稳定性,甲醇的收率最大可达到9.6%,甲醇收率提高29.7%。     

介孔沸石材料

介孔沸石材料是含有丰富介孔的结晶沸石,不仅保留了沸石材料优良的酸性和水热稳定性,而且由于介孔的引入改善了其对大分子的吸附和扩散性能,在催化领域特别是涉及大分子的催化反应中是极有应用前景的材料。本文综述了介孔沸石材料的制备方法并进行了比较分析,概述了近年来介孔沸石材料在不同催化反应中的应用,探讨了介孔沸石材料今后的研究方向。     

热电池正极材料的研究进展

热电池是一种热激活贮备式电池,由于其优良的贮存稳定性、放电可靠性等特点,广泛应用于多种军用武器的内部电源。为了满足当前不同军用武器装备的需求,热电池的发展趋于在提高电化学性能的同时实现小型化、微型化。热电池电化学性能的提高主要取决于正极材料的发展,目前对现有正极材料的优化改性和新型正极材料的开发是提高热电池性能的主要方法。本文从合成和改性方法的角度综述了近年来硫化物、氯化物、氟化物热电池正极材料的研究进展,并对其材料特性和放电性能进行了综合评估。最后,基于热电池特殊的应用场景,从热稳定性、放电电压、电导率等方面对热电池正极材料未来的发展方向进行了总结与展望。     

共沸蒸馏法制备高性能LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料

三元复合氧化物镍钴锰酸锂(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)因兼有LiNiO2和LiCoO2的优点,被认为是最有可能取代LiCoO2的新型正极材料而受到广泛关注.本文采用一种改进的共沉淀方法合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,以共沸蒸馏干燥前驱物.结果表明,共沸干燥法最终得到的产物比普通干燥法得到的产物具有更高的比容量、更好的循环性能以及更优的倍率性能.究其原因,可归结为共沸干燥得到的样品颗粒更小,且粒径分布更均匀,球形度高,比表面积大,促进了锂离子的扩散,因而提高了其电化学性能.     

SDY沸石及其非骨架铝的研究 Ⅰ.萃取处理和表征

Y型沸石经水热超稳化处理后,其结构、吸附性能和酸性等均发生改变,从而改善了沸石催化剂的催化活性、选择性和稳定性.Y型沸石在水热脱铝过程中形成的非骨架铝(EFAL)的研究,愈来愈受到重视.但EFAL及其经化学方法的脱除对沸石物化性能和催化性能的影响,以及EFAL的状态和对酸性的贡献等一系列问题,文献上尚     

水-乙醇二元体系共沸混合物的热力学研究

用全自动低温绝热量热计测定了水、乙醇以及水和乙醇组成的共沸混合物在不同温区的摩尔热容Cp,m. 建立了共沸混合物Cp,m与温度T的函数关系.结果表明,水和乙醇组成的共沸混合物在98.496 K发生玻璃态转化,在158.939 K 和270.95 K发生固-液相变.获得了其相应的相变焓和相变熵.计算了以298.15 K为基准的该共沸混合物的热力学函数和超额热力学函数.     

微胶囊化石蜡的制备和热性能

微胶囊化石蜡的制备和热性能;微胶囊;原位聚合法;相变材料;差示扫描量热法     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3材料的制备及其单钯催化剂性能的研究

采用水热晶化法制备了Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料,详细考察了制备过程中水热时间和温度对储氧材料结构和性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和热重分析技术(TG)表征结果表明,当水热温度为100℃,水热时间为12 h时,制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3材料具有优异的结构性能、织构性能、还原性能和储氧性能。分别以较优水热条件下制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料和商用的铈锆铝储氧材料为载体,制备Pd/Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3催化剂,考察了其对汽车尾气中碳氢化合物的催化转化能力。     

真空亚沸-光谱法分析超纯汞

本文提出一种分离超高纯金属的基体和杂质的方法——真空亚沸法。经实践研究,现已成功地应用到超纯汞的分析中。由于它具有许多优点,而这些优点能克服当前纯金属及半导体材料分析所面临的困难——试剂、水和空气带来的空白值,灵敏度不高等问题。真空亚沸分离在真空中,控制温度低于基体沸点温度,使其在亚沸状态(不沸腾)挥发,加温区在试样面上方。真空亚沸设备如图1所示。     

Zn~(2+)掺杂富锂层状正极材料Li_(1.13)Ni_(0.3-x)Mn_(0.57)Zn_xO_2的合成与电化学性质

将通过共沉淀法制备的M(OH)2(M=Mn,Ni)前驱体与Zn O和Li2CO3混合,合成了不同Zn2+掺杂量的Li1.13Ni0.3-xMn0.57ZnxO2材料.X射线衍射结果表明,Zn2+掺杂提升了材料的层状属性,降低了Li+/Ni2+混排程度.在2.0~4.8 V电压范围内,Zn2+掺杂材料表现出更高的可逆比容量,并具有良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性.示差扫描量热测试结果显示,Zn2+掺杂材料的热安全性能明显优于未掺杂材料.在所合成的材料中,Li1.13Ni0.29Mn0.57Zn0.01O2(Zn2+掺杂量x=0.01)具有最高的放电容量、最好的倍率性能和循环稳定性及极佳的热安全性能.     

Preparation and properties of antibacterial ABS plastics based on polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts antibacterial agents

Antibacterial acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) plastics were prepared by adding polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts as antibacterial agents through a double screw extruder. The novel polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts (PBrMAP‐n) with alkyl chain length ranging from 3 to 11 were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that all of the antibacterial agents had good thermal stability. The influence of addition amount as well as the alkyl chain length on mechanical properties and antibacterial properties was investigated. Compared with the pure ABS, all of PBrMAP‐n containing specimens had comparable tensile strength and flexural properties but reduced impact strength. Only samples with 10 wt% of PBrMAP‐11 exhibited more than 90% antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.     

聚苯乙烯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯对聚氯乙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混体流变性的影响

聚苯乙烯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯对聚氯乙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混体流变性的影响杨文君，吴其晔，杜华（青岛化工学院高分子材料系，青岛，２６６０４２）王建民，李应华，张宝善（齐鲁石化研究院，淄博，２５５４３４）关键词塑料改性，流变性，聚氯乙烯，氯化聚乙烯，刚性粒子我...     

微孔塑料连续挤出成型研究进展

综述了微孔塑料的性能特点和应用前景,从微孔塑料的单一相溶液的形成、微孔的成核和气泡的长大控制三个方面详细论述了微孔塑料的连续挤出成型的研究进展,并指出了当前的研究方向。     

当前光学塑料的研究方向及综合性能的均衡

根据结构与性能的关系对当前光学塑料的主要研究方向进行了归纳和总结，介绍了具有高折光指数、高耐热性及其它功能性的新型光学材料，指出了性能之间均衡对实现化的意义。     

Environmentally Friendly Green Materials from Plant-Based Resources: Modification of Soy Protein using Gellan and Micro/Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose

Fully biodegradable micro/nano-composite resins were prepared by reinforcing soy protein concentrate (SPC) with micro/nano-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and then blending with gellan. The composite resins showed excellent mechanical and physical properties under testing conditions. Due to the high aspect ratio of MFC, excellent mechanical properties of MFC and MFC/SPC interfacial properties, the SPC (100 parts) reinforced with glycerol (1.5 parts) and MFC (40 parts) showed fracture stress of 88.2 MPa and Young's modulus of about 4.1 GPa, which are higher than those of many conventional petroleum-based plastics. MFC reinforced SPC composite resins were then further modified by blending with gellan to obtain further improvement in fracture stress and Young's modulus. SPC resin containing glycerol (1.5 parts), gellan (40 parts) and MFC (40 parts) had fracture stress of over 122 MPa and Young's modulus of about 5.8 GPa. Although the moisture sensitivity of the specimens was high, they have the potential to replace petroleum-based materials in many fields, particularly for indoor applications.     

含淀粉生物降解型塑料

本文综述了各种含淀粉塑料的基本组成，性能及应用前景。     

热致液晶聚合物对短玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯加工性、结构与性能的改善

<正> 短切玻璃纤维增强的热塑性复合材料具有加工简便,生产周期短,可以反复加工等优点,因此得到了广泛应用。但短切玻璃纤维会给加工成型带来困难,主要在于纤维对加工设备的磨损,以及由于纤维的加入增大了熔体的粘度等。如果提高加工温度来降低粘度又会导致高聚物降解。几年前Kiss和Isayev提出用热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)的刚性棒状分子链作增强剂与被增强基体熔融共混,在加工中TLCP原位形成增强纤维,形成原位复合材料。原位复合材料中由于TLCP的流变性质,使其共混物的加工粘度     

Tribological properties of ormosil coatings

Transparent plastics are not scratch resistant. The damage leads to a loss of optical properties. Coatings prepared using either tetraethoxysilane or colloidal silica particles embedded in glymo is a way to avoid these disadvantages. Tribological experiments are carried out to better understand the surface modification due to a sliding friction. It is shown that the wear track is not directly related to usual mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and the hardness of the coating. The different stages leading to material loss are discussed in term of particle removal and debris circulation (accumulation or elimination) through the friction track. The mechanical properties of the film combined with the film to substrate adhesion are expected to play an important role as it can be deduced from results obtained as a function of the coating composition.     

四种无机纳米颗粒对塑料抗紫外性能的研究进展

无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外的研究中一直备受关注,主要介绍了四种(TiO₂、ZnO、SiO₂、CeO₂)典型的无机纳米颗粒在该领域的应用。首先归纳了其既能吸收又能反射或散射紫外线的抗紫外机理;其次,分别论述了不同无机纳米颗粒适用的紫外光波长范围,以在塑料中的添加方法和应用特点为主线,重点介绍了国内外四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的研究现状和进展;最后,将四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的应用特点进行了对比,提出了应用过程中存在的分散和相容性差等问题,以期为无机纳米颗粒的深入应用和发展提供一定的参考。     

Foaming of trans‐polyisoprene using N2 as the blowing agent

Foaming of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) polymer was carried out through a batch process using nitrogen (N₂) as the blowing agent. TPI vulcanizates having varying crosslink densities were prepared by varying crosslinking agent content and curing time. The vulcanizates were then saturated with N₂ inside a pressure vessel at a pressure of 14 MPa and varying temperatures for 5 hours before effecting the foaming by rapidly quenching the pressure. The effects of varying the crosslinking agent content, silica filler content, and precuring time of the vulcanizates and the effects of varying the gas saturation temperature of foaming on the cell characteristics and physical properties of the foam prepared were investigated. The cells of the TPI foams had a spherical, closed structure. The density, expansion ratio, cell size, cell density, and tensile properties of the foams varied with varying crosslink density of the TPI vulcanizates as well as the saturation temperature of foaming. The important effects of crosslink density and saturation temperature on the N₂ solubility in the TPI matrix and thus on the foam expansion were discussed. The silica filler was found to be acting as a cell nucleating agent and reinforcing filler for the TPI foams.