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The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature. 相似文献
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合成了两种固态稀土丙氨酸配合物[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6和[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 (Ala为丙氨酸),用量热和热分析方法研究了这两种配合物的热力学性质.用全自动高精密绝热量热计测定了在78~377 K温区内的低温热容.对于[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6,在214~255 K温区内发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为235.09 K.对于[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6,在99~121 K温区内也发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为115.78 K. [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6固-固相变焓为3.02 kJ• mol-1,相变熵为12.83 J•K-1•mol-1; [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 固-固相变焓为1.96 kJ•mol-1,相变熵为16.90 J•K-1•mol-1.同时,用TG技术在40~800 ℃温区研究了两配合物的热稳定性.由TG/DTG曲线分析可知, [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6从80 ℃到479 ℃热分解分两步完成, [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6从120 ℃到430 ℃热分解分三步完成. 相似文献
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Molar heat capacities of the pure samples of acetone,methanol and the azeotropic mixture composed of acetone,cyclohexane and methanol were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter from 78 to 320 K.The solid-solid andsolid-liquid phase transitions of the pure samples and the mixture were determined based on the curve of the heatcapacity with respect to temperature.The phase transitions took place at(126.16±0.68)and(178.96±1.47)K forthe sample of acetone,(157.79±0.95)and(175.93±0.95)K for methanol,which were corresponding to thesolid-solid and the solid-liquid phase transitions of the acetone and the methanol,respectively.And the phase tran-sitions occurred in the temperature ranges of 120 to 190 K and 278 to 280 K corresponding to the solid-solid andthe solid-liquid phase transitions of mixture of acetone,cyclohexane and methanol,respectively.The thermody-namic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature of 298.15K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heatcapacity with respect to temperature. 相似文献
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用微量最热计连续测定细菌代谢过程中的热显变化,可获得反映细菌代谢规律的完整的热谱图以按指数生长模型对指数生长期进行处理,可计算出细菌正常代谢的生长速率常数L’.若在培养基中加入合成药物,使细菌在药物抑制作用下生长,也可获得完整的热谱图,从而计算出在药物抑制作用下细菌的生长速率常数.本义对福氏志贺氏Zb菌和金黄色葡萄球莉在四种合成药物抑制作用下的热谱进行了测定,并计算了生长速率常数,找出了细菌生长速率常数与所用药物浓度之间的定量关系,可为筛选抑菌药物和确定用药显提供定量依据’1基本原理设细菌在代谢过… 相似文献
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用精密自动绝热量热计测定了重铬酸钾晶体在100~390 K温区内的摩尔热容.实验结果表明在研究温度区间内重铬酸钾无相变和其它热反常现象发生,但其热容在不同的温度范围表现出不同的变化趋势.在100 K≤ T ≤ 275 K和350 K≤ T ≤390 K区间内,其热容随温度的升高明显增大,在275 K≤ T ≤350 K区间,其热容约为定值.将重铬酸钾摩尔热容实验值Cp,m(J•K-1•mol-1)拟合成温度T的多项式方程,在100 K≤ T ≤275 K,为Cp,m=0.0050T2-1.0320T+125.22; 275 K≤ T ≤ 350 K,为Cp,m=209.37; 350 K≤ T ≤390 K,为Cp,m= 0.0266T2-18.823T+3542.3.根据热力学函数关系式,从热容值计算出了298.15 K~ 400 K温区范围内每隔5 K的热力学函数值. 相似文献
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The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of water and benzene was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K. The phase transitions took place in the temperature range from 265.409 to 275.165 K and 275.165 to 279.399 K. The phase transition temperatures were determined to be 272.945 and 278.339 K, which were corresponding to the solid-liquid phase transitions of water and benzene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived from the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature. 相似文献
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Molar heat capacities of n-butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water (x=0.716) plus n-butanol (x=0.284)] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were estabhshed for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at (111.9±1.2) K. The phase transitions took place at (179.26±0.77) and (269.69±0.14) K corresponding to the solid-hquid phase transitions of n-butanol and water, respectively. The phase-transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was estabhshed, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self-association and cross-association for n-butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature. 相似文献