自制简易圆周运动速度方向演示仪

曲线运动中物体速度的方向是时刻改变的,怎样确定做曲线运动的物体在任意时刻速度的方向呢?人教版高一物理课本"曲线运动"一章中,是让学生通过观察砂轮磨刀具时飞溅的火花,旋转雨伞时雨滴飞出等实例,从而得出:"曲线运动中质点在某一点(或某一时刻)的速度方向是曲线在该点的切线方向."但课堂教学时,不便操作,难于演示,学生得不到"眼见为实"的效果,没有身临其境的感觉.     

曲线运动演示仪

全日制普通高级中学教科书《物理》第一册（人教版）第五章“曲线运动”中，曲线运动的方向的确定是通过刀具与砂轮的摩擦产生的火星飞出的方向，来说明曲线运动质点的速度方向是其轨道的切线方向．这个现象是不能在课堂上演示的，多数学生也没有这样的生活经验．为了能更直观、更方便地让学生观察质点的速度方向，我们设计了一个实验演示仪。     

“力的独立作用原理”处理曲线运动的优越性

复杂的曲线运动问题,能考查、评价学生对物理知识的综合把握能力.由于高中阶段所讲的曲线运动主要是抛体运动和圆周运动,因而对一般的曲线运动问题的处理就成为难点.如果运用力的独立作用原理,采取"分而治之"的策略,往往能起到化繁为简、出奇制胜的效果.因此,有必要把"力的独立作用原理,,作为处理物理问题的基本方法,在教学中采用适当的方式渗透给学生,使其在应用中把握内涵.     

确定"曲线运动速度的方向"实验的改进

1原教材中实验 曲线运动速度的方向可通过实验现象笼统地来说明，如砂轮打磨物体产生的火星、飞出的链球、由转动的雨伞边缘飞出的雨滴，等等．如何通过实验确定做曲线运动的物体在某一时刻的速度方向？按照人教版教材“演示”的实验思想，在教学过程中，老师们多用“管”作轨道进行实验设计，有两种常见情况．一是软管喷墨实验，把弯曲的软管置于水平面内，用注射器使墨水沿软管做曲线运动，并从管口喷出，喷出的墨迹显示出喷出点瞬时速度方向；     

第六章 曲线运动 万有引力定律

第六章曲线运动万有引力定律练习一运动叠加原理平抛运动匀速圆周运动一、判断题１．质点在平面上的任意运动，都可以看成是两个相互垂直的直线运动的叠加。（）２．平抛运动是加速度不变的运动。（）３．钟表秒针尖端做匀速圆周运动的周期为１ｓ。（）４．当砂轮转速一定...     

自制曲线运动的条件演示仪

“曲线运动的条件”是高一物理“曲线运动”一节中的教学重点和难点，过去教师往往先直接告诉学生结论，然后用简单的实验去验证．学生被动接受这一知识，印象不深，参与率不高．为了激发学生的科学探究热情，培养学生主动参与意识、动手和观察能力，提高实验效果，设计了物体做曲线运动的条件演示仪，在实际教学中取得了很好的效果．     

物体做曲线运动时瞬时速度方向的演示实验

曲线运动第一节有两个重点：一是曲线运动的条件；二是曲线运动的瞬时速度方向．对于理论的落实，往往采用实验进行验证．下面是笔者对物体做曲线运动时瞬时速度方向如何确定所设计的两个演示实验．     

浅谈直角坐标系的建立

正交分解法以退为进,将求解一般三角形的过程转化为求解直角三角形的过程,是处理多力平衡问题及多力产生加速度问题的常用方法.运动的分解可以将一个复杂的曲线运动变成两个简单直线运动的叠加,是处理匀变速曲线运动的基本方法之一.     

曲线运动教学中的几个问题

曲线运动部分有几个问题教材不介绍,教师不讲解,学生不知道,学生掌握的知识残缺不全,导致理解肤浅、思维不畅,影响能力的培养,建议教学中适时补充.     

对匀速率曲线运动的解释

通过理论推导,给出了匀速率曲线运动的规律;同时将理论结果与数值计算进行对比,数值计算与理论吻合得很好.最后给出了控制匀速率曲线运动的方法.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...