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电流变液中的电导率问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
直汉电场中电导率的微小变化会影响电流变效应是一个显见的事实,但长期以来,在电流变机理的研究中却被忽略。文章介绍近年来电流变液中的电导率问题研究的若干重要进展,包括经典点偶极子模型在直流电场中的改进、负电流变效应和电流变液的电导模型。 相似文献
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液-液分散体系是一类重要的软物质,双液相电流变液属于液-液分散体系.在外加电场作用下,双液相电流变液内部结构可以发生改变,因而导致它的各种物理性能变化.本项工作研究了在电场与光场共同作用下的双液相电流变液的光学性能,了解其可调节透射率特征. 相似文献
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针对器件工程应用中的高功率高增益需求,设计了工作在X波段的高功率高增益多注相对论速调管放大器,建立了带输入、输出波导结构的三维整管模型。设计双边对称耦合孔输入腔结构,降低了输入波导对输入腔间隙电场均匀性的影响以抑制非均匀干扰模式;设计采用多腔多间隙群聚结构,降低了输入微波功率的需求,提高了器件放大增益;并且分析设计了多间隙扩展互作用微波提取结构,提高了器件的功率转换效率以及降低输出结构表面电场强度。通过优化设计,粒子模拟仿真实现X波段多注相对论速调管放大器输出微波功率达到3.2 GW,器件放大增益约为60 dB,功率转换效率约为40%。器件验证实验在电子束电压550 kV,电流5.1 kA的情况下,输出功率为0.99 GW,放大增益约为53 dB,转换效率约为35%。 相似文献
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用光学方法研究玻璃微珠电流变液颗粒间的相互作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用一套适合研究颗粒间相互作用的双光镊系统,通过对粒聚集时间的测量,得出颗粒聚集时间和电场的平方成反比。这是第一次用电流变液颗粒在动态情况下直接验证电偶极子对间的相互作用。发展了一套使用高速CCD摄像机进行扩散波谱(DWS)测量的方法,首次实时测量具有颗粒结构的非各态历经体系的自相关函数,以研究电流变液机理,得到了玻璃微珠电流变液的结构响应时间和力和响应时间;测量了不同电场下体系相关函数的特征衰减时间随时间的变化。在不同电场下测量扩散系数可以反映出相互作用力与电场的平方成正比。 相似文献
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电流变液的研究进展及应用前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
电场致流变液体(电流变液)是一些高介电小颗粒和低介电油液的混合体,它在高电场作用下呈现液体与固体间的变换,变换时间为几毫秒,而且变换可逆。阐明了电流变液的原理,综述了电流变液在机制、材料及应用等方面的研究现状,并介绍了电流变液在技术和工业上广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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电流变阻尼器的抗冲击性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从理论和试验两个方面研究了所设计的电流变阻尼器在大冲击下的抗冲击性能,分析了电流变液性能与阻尼器结构参数对抗冲击性能的影响。认为采用高性能的电流变液体及改变结构参数,都可以使电流变阻尼器的高速缓冲性能提高。电流变液流速对电流变液的屈服应力影响显著,其值随流速的增加按指数规律减小。从定性、定量两个方面分析了电流变阻尼器作为阻尼器效果不明显的原因为:由电流变效应引起的阻尼力在整个液压阻力所占比例太小,不能通过改变电压来使液压阻力具有很大的调节可控范围。 相似文献
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Jia-Yi Yeh 《Journal of sound and vibration》2005,285(3):637-652
The dynamic stability problems of a sandwich plate with a constraining layer and an electrorheological (ER) fluid core subjected to an axial dynamic force are investigated. The rectangular plate is covered in an ER fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. Effects of the natural frequencies, static buckling loads, and loss factors on the dynamic stability behavior of the sandwich plate are studied in the paper. Rheological property of an ER material, such as viscosity, plasticity, and elasticity may be changed when applying an electric field. The modal damper and the natural frequencies for the sandwich plate are calculated for various electric fields. When an electric field is applied, the damping of the system is more effective. In this study, finite element method and the harmonic balance method are used to calculate the instability regions of the sandwich plate. The ER fluid core is found to have a significant effect on the dynamic stability regions. 相似文献
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We examine the structure of Maxwell stress in binary fluid mixtures under an external electric field and discuss its consequence. In particular, we show that, in immiscible blends, it is intimately related to the statistics of domain structure. This leads to a compact formula, which may be useful in the investigation of electrorheological effects in such systems. The stress tensor calculated in a phase separated fluid under a steady electric field is in a good agreement with recent experiments. 相似文献
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Shear tests of an electrorheological fluid with pre-applied electric field and compression along the fleld direction are carried out. The results show that pre-compressions can increase the shear yield stress up to ten times. Under the same external electric field strength, a higher compressive strain corresponds to a larger shear yield stress enhancement but with slight current density decrease, which shows that the particle interaction potentials are not increased by compressions but the compression-induced chain aggregation dominates the shear yield stress improvement. This pre-compression technique might be useful for developing high performance flexible ER or magnetorheological couplings. 相似文献
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S. M. Grannan P. L. Richards M. K. Hase 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1997,18(2):319-340
We present numerical methods for the optimization of bolometric infrared detectors which use current-biased semiconducting
thermistors. We extend the analysis of Griffin and Holland to explicitly include both the electric field dependence of the
thermistor resistance and amplifier noise. These methods allow the user to design and evaluate an optimized bolometer once
such parameters as the optical loading, the heat sink temperature, and the materials for the thermal link and the thermistor
have been chosen. Measured parameters which describe the electrical nonlinearities in neutron transmutation doped germanium
are presented. The consequences for bolometer optimization of including these effects are illustrated. This program will be
made available at the web site http://physics7.berkeley.edu/bolometer.html.
This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences
Division of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. 相似文献
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Interaction, polarization, and charges or electric field distribution of conducting spheres in applied electric field are in many fields including electrorheological fluids, electrophoresis, and electrical engineering. A system with two equipotential conducting spheres in an applied uniform electric field is analyzed by image method. A new method is put forward to calculate the image charges distribution when using image method, which ensures the validity of image method to analyze equipotential cases. An apparatus is constructed to measure the force experimentally as well. Results show that the distribution of electric field and electric interaction are different with the case not equipotential. 相似文献
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It is well known that constant or time-varying electric fields can induce phase changes in electrorheological(ER) fluids, from a liquid to semi-solid state, provided the field strength is larger than some critical value. We describe here an experimental and theoretical study considering yet a different class of phase changes, specifically those for an ER fluid in the presence of both shear flow and a time-varying electric field. We note that as the frequency of the field is decreased, the ER fluid will go from a liquid to an intermediate transition state, and eventually to a shear banding state. Our theoretical analysis further indicates that this phase change originates from competing effects of viscous and electrical forces. Ultimately, we conclude that it is possible to achieve various states and corresponding(desired)macroscopic properties of dynamic colloidal suspensions by adjusting the frequency of the externally applied electric field. 相似文献
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介绍了一台低成本的常压微波等离子体炬设备,给出了该设备构造及喷嘴的设计思路,分析了各种气体的非磁化微波等离子体的击穿电场强度,数值求解了设备中矩形TE103谐振腔中的电磁场分布,应用高频电磁场模拟分析软件HFSS优化了喷嘴在波导中的具体位置,并对优化后喷嘴周围的电场分布进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:微波输入有效功率为500 W,喷嘴伸出矩形波导1 mm时,喷嘴尖端处的电场强度在1.2×106 V·m-1以上,远大于氩气的击穿电场强度,更易于等离子体炬的激发。实验结果证明了模拟结果的正确性和装置的有效性。 相似文献
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Christopher Dietz Johannes Budak Tobias Kamprich Michael Kretschmer Markus H. Thoma 《等离子体物理论文集》2021,61(10):e202100079
Applying an external electric AC field to a dusty plasma, the micro-particles arrange in strings or chains. In analogy to electrorheological fluids, such a system is called electrorheological plasma. Turning gradually the AC field into a DC field, the string formation is diminished until it vanishes completely in the DC case. In this way, a cross-over transition from a string-like to an isotropic micro-particle many-body system can be investigated. Experimental investigations of electrorheological plasmas are performed under microgravity conditions in parabolic flights. For analysing the image data, a supervised machine learning code was developed and a continuous cross over was found. A molecular dynamics simulation showed qualitatively similar results but also some deviations from the experimental results. 相似文献
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