固体核磁碳结构参数的修正及其在煤结构分析中的应用

为消除~(13)C CP/M AS/TOSS NM R测试中碳核NOE效应,获得相对准确的碳结构参数,考察了不同模型化合物的碳核NOE效应强度。结果表明,不同模型化合物碳谱分峰拟合的测试值与样品碳结构参数的理论值之间存在明显误差,其中,脂肪碳在25%-125%、芳香碳为4%-50%,NOE效应在固体核磁碳谱测试中影响显著。为此,将模型化合物脂肪碳和芳香碳的实测值和理论值进行回归分析,得到非线性回归方程。用该方程对9,10-二甲基蒽进行碳结构修正,发现修正后脂肪碳实测值与理论值之间误差由不修正时的119.60%减小至7.84%,芳香碳误差为由不修正时的-17.10%到1.11%,修正后误差均在10%以内;同时用该回归方程修正了不同煤的碳结构参数,发现不同煤未修正的H/C原子比与其元素分析H/C原子比误差在45%-53%,修正后误差只有4%-13%,与元素分析结果具有一致性,表明非线性回归方程能够方便、准确地消除固体核磁NOE效应,为煤中碳结构分析提供新的技术支撑。     

以硅胶G胶片和滤纸作基质氟哌酸的固体基质室温磷光法研究

探讨了氟哌酸的基质室温磷光法中的基质效应和重原子效应，经聚丙烯酸处理的硅胶Ｇ胶片做基质测定痕量氟哌酸铵较滤纸为基质具有检测限低，无需重原子微扰剂，稳定性好等优点。     

12种嘌呤类化合物的滤纸基质室温燐光法研究

较为详细地研究了１２种嘌呤类化合物以滤纸为基质的室温燐光（ＲＴＰ）光谱特性与分子结构的关系，以及重原子效应和酸度效应对ＲＴＰ的影响。     

卤代苯溶剂对镓咔咯配合物光物理性质的影响:外重原子效应

利用紫外-可见光谱、稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱以及飞秒瞬态吸收光谱探测了不同卤代苯溶剂对三种五氟苯基取代的镓咔咯(1-Ga、2-Ga、3-Ga)光物理性质的影响,结果表明卤代苯溶剂的色散力对于镓咔咯电子光谱吸收峰位置的影响起着主要作用;溶剂外重原子效应能显著降低镓咔咯的荧光量子产率。飞秒瞬态吸收光谱表明,光激发下,镓咔咯与卤代苯溶剂之间可发生电子转移反应,溶剂的重原子效应可以减缓电荷分离态复合物电荷重组速率。     

12种嘌呤类化合物的滤纸基质室温Lin光法研究

较为详细地研究了１２种嘌呤类化合物以滤纸为基质的室温Ｌｉｎ光（ＲＴＰ）光谱特性与分子结构的关系，以及重原子效应和酸度效应对ＲＩＰ的影响。     

硫辛酸类似物清除自由基活性的理论研究

为寻找高效抗氧化剂,本文采用量子化学方法,在"万能抗氧化剂"硫辛酸的结构基础上,设计、研究了16种不同碳链长度、不同成环原子类型、不同成环原子个数的硫辛酸类似物。以X-Y键的解离焓DBE和分子电离势IP为理论指标评价了这些化合物的抗氧化性。研究结果表明,成环原子数目、分子碳链长度、成环原子类型对BDE和IP产生不同程度的影响。其中,成环原子数目、分子碳链长度对抗氧化性影响较小,成环原子类型影响较大。硫辛酸的含硒类似物有可能成为新型的高效抗氧化剂。HOMO能级顺序与IP数值预测的抗氧化性的顺序一致,较好的阐明了结构对硫辛酸类物质抗氧化性的影响。计算结果为新型抗氧化剂的设计、合成提供了理论支撑。     

若干香豆素衍生物在滤纸基质上的RTP和RTF特性

详细考察了各种基质、重原子微扰剂和实验条件的影响之后,成功地实现了多种香豆素衍生物的室温磷光(RTP)发射。在滤纸基质上,以1mol/L的Pb(Ac)_2作重原子微扰剂时,近20种香豆素衍生物大都能产生较强的RTP发射。而且某些衍生物的RTP强度和λ_(ex)/λ_(em)等特性间呈现出明显的取代基效应。本文还对这些衍生物在滤纸基质上的室温荧光(RTF)和其混和光谱(在重原子微扰剂存在下以荧光方式测得的光谱)等特性作了对比测定,发现其间亦呈现类似的取代基效应。有关香豆素衍生物的RTP特性,迄今尚未报道。这类衍生物RTP发射的实现,预示着它们用作RTP标记物的可能性。     

卤素分子与卤化氢分子的相对论量子化学研究

随着原子序数增加,电子的相对论作用相对地增强,在重原子中,其值达到库伦相互作用和原子间键能的数量级。所以,在研究含重原子的分子体系时,相对论效应必须予以考虑。本文参照了Bersuker和Pyykko的方法,提出非经验参数的相对论扩展Huckel方法(REHT),     

一种荧光探针检测水溶液中碘离子

本文选用无水柠檬酸和N-(β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基)甲基二甲氧基硅烷,利用水热法制得碳量子点,此碳量子点发蓝光,激发波长和发射波长分别为370 nm、466 nm。由于碘的重原子效应和碘离子易于给出电子的能力,当碳量子点在水溶液中遇到碘离子时会发生荧光猝灭,通过测量荧光寿命,发现碳量子点和碘离子之间存在动态猝灭效应。利用这一特性,建立一种选择性检测水溶液中碘离子的荧光探针。优化分散溶剂对碳量子点荧光强度的影响,以及响应时间和溶液pH值对猝灭效率的影响。在最优实验条件下:荧光变化值(F_0-F)与碘离子浓度的对数呈线性,线性方程为Y=427.60X+646.88,R~2=0.9945,碘离子浓度的线性范围为5×10~(-7)～5×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为3.2×10~(-8) mol/L。选用三个浓度加标检测自来水样时,回收率范围为101%～105%。     

γ-旁氏效应及其在立体异构体确定中的应用*

核磁共振碳谱中,碳化学位移受立体结构影响很大。同族原子中,和含相对较小的电负性原子(如Br/I)分子相比,大电负性原子(如F/Cl)会使其相连的α-碳化学位移增大,而β-及γ-碳化学位移更小。多数教材对其解释过于抽象,让学生理解困难。本文通过立体电子效应和位阻效应详细解释了取代基对于β-和γ-碳化学位移的影响。这些影响中,γ-旁氏效应应用最为广泛,常用于确定立体异构体的构型。大电负性原子有助于提高分子中邻位交叉式构象的比例。进而通过空间排斥,使该原子处于γ-位C—H 键的电子云移向碳端,导致σ键中的氢原子去屏蔽而碳原子屏蔽,进而该γ-位C—H键中相应氢化学位移增大,而碳化学位移减小。这种空间排斥更多见于固定环体系,从而可广泛用于立体异构体的结构分析中。此外,还分享了部分文献和本课题组的数据,帮助读者更好地将其运用于教学和科研中。     

B环对位取代异黄酮化合物的核磁共振研究

对14个合成的B环对位取代异黄酮化合物核磁共振氢谱进行了研究.利用超导核磁共振归属了B环无取代异黄酮质子的化学位移,根据取代基化学位移的变化影响规律考察了取代基对分子的影响方式.研究结果表明,2'(6'),3'(5')位质子共振迁移分别与取代基参数σ_p和S_o线性相关,说明4'位取代基主要通过电子效应影响其间位质子,其磁各向异性仅影响邻位质子,该取代基对A环质子影响不大,而对C环尤其是对2-H影响较明显.     

Interpretation of conformational effects on 2-endo-norborneol by natural chemical shielding analysis

This paper represents an extension of our work on the (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts of norbornane and 2-endo-norborneol. NCS-NBO analysis was employed to probe contributions of bond orbitals and orbitals of lone pairs to nuclear shielding in conformers of the alcohol generated by rotation of the C-O bond. Variations in (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts with the dihedral angle are discussed in terms of Lewis and non-Lewis partitioning and their respective importance is evaluated. In addition to hyperconjugation of the lone pair in a p orbital of oxygen that was previously reported, a sizable participation of the lone pair which is in an sp orbital is also observed and their combined effect dominates the carbon chemical shifts of the C(1)-C(2)-OH and C(3)-C(2)-OH fragments. Both lone pairs on oxygen also contribute to localized, though-space effects on nuclei in the vicinity, these effects answering for the largest deviations in hydrogen chemical shifts on rotation around the C-O bond. On the other hand, for conformers in which nonbonded repulsions lead to distortions in the molecular framework, variations in chemical shifts may be attributed to angular effects.     

几种苄基哌嗪衍生物13C NMR的计算研究

本文分别采用量子化学从头算Hatree-Fock方法和密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311G++基组水平下对几种苄基哌嚷衍生物的13C NMR作了计算研究.结果表明两种方法计算得到的各苄基哌嗪衍生物中C原子化学位移的计算值与实验值之间均近似存在线性关系,其中采用考虑了电子相关作用的密度泛函方法计算时,各化合物中碳原子的化...     

13C NMR studies on trifluoroacetyl derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexoses

The effect of trifluoroacetylation on the ¹³C chemical shifts of 2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexoses was examined. Studies of the 2-acetamido derivatives of glucose, galactose and mannose established that no regular trend in the ¹³C shifts occurred on trifluoroacetylation. This was in marked contrast to the results obtained for the ¹H chemical shifts.     

Tautomerism of sterically hindered schiff bases. Deuterium isotope effects on 13C chemical shifts

A series of sterically hindered o-hydroxy Schiff bases derived from o-hydroxyaceto- and benzophenones with very short intramolecular hydrogen bonds were described qualitative and quantitatively by deuterium isotope effects on (13)C chemical shift, (n)DeltaC(XD), (n)DeltaF(XD), (1)J(N,H) coupling constants, deltaNCH(3) chemical shifts and UV spectra. All the investigated compounds are found to be tautomeric. The tautomeric character is described by the signs of the deuterium isotope effects on the (13)C chemical shifts. For the 3-nitro-5-chloro derivatives at low temperature, the equilibrium is shifted almost fully toward the proton transferred form in CD(2)Cl(2). Intrinsic deuterium isotope effects on chemical shifts of these compounds as well as (1)J(N,H) coupling constants suggest that a zwitterionic resonance form is dominant for the proton transferred form. Structures, (1)H, (19)F, and (13)C chemical shifts, and deuterium isotope effects on (13)C chemical shifts are calculated by ab initio methods. The potential energy functions and the total deuterium isotope effects are calculated, and they are shown to correspond well with the experimental findings.     

Prediction of proton magnetic resonance shifts: The dependence on hydrogen charges obtained by iterative partial equalization of orbital electronegativity

Proton chemical shifts correlate linearly with charges on hydrogen obtained by a method for iterative partial equalization of orbital electronegativity. The compounds studied comprise a wide variety of classes of molecules; all points fall on a single correlation line, showing the general importance of electronic effects in proton chemical shifts and the physical significance of the atomic charges. On the other hand, as there is no general correlation between charges on carbon and on hydrogen atoms, proton chemical shifts cannot be used as probes for charge densities on carbon atoms. Deviations from the correlation line can be attributed to anisotropy effects and provide an estimate for their magnitude.     

NMR spectral studies. XIV. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on β-lactams

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of a variety of mono- and bicyclic β-lactams have been measured and the chemical shifts of the ring carbon atoms have been assigned unambiguously. Effects of substituents on the chemical shifts of these carbons are also discussed.     

Influence of NMR Data Completeness on Structure Determinations of Homodimeric Proteins

The structure determination of homodimeric proteins by NMR using conventional NOESY experiments is still challenging due to the degeneracy of the chemical shifts in the identical monomers, which causes ambiguity in the NOE assignments. Residues involved in the interface between two monomers provide essential intermolecular NOEs for the structure determinations of homodimeric proteins. Hence NMR data, such as NOE peak lists and chemical shift assignments of these interface residues, play a crucial role for the successful structure determination of homodimeric proteins. This paper extends our previous report (Lin, Y.‐J.; Kirchner, D. K.; Güntert, P. J. Magn. Reson.­ 2012 , 222, 96) and investigates the influence of incomplete NOESY peak lists combined with incomplete ¹H chemical shift assignments of the interface residues on the structure determination of homodimeric proteins using the program CYANA. Data incompleteness was simulated by random omission of both NOESY cross peaks and interface ¹H chemical shifts. Our results for three proteins with different percentages of interface residues reveal that the algorithm can tolerate about 40–50% NOESY peak omission with complete interface chemical shift assignments, which indicates that partial NOESY peak omission does not cause severe problems when the interface chemical shifts are completely assigned. Combining NOESY peak omission with incomplete interface chemical shift assignments, the tolerance for interface chemical shift omission decreases with the extent of omitted NOESY peaks. The tolerance for unassigned interface side chain, methyl and aromatic chemical shifts is affected more strongly by NOESY peak omission than that for the omission of general interface ¹H chemical shifts including the backbone. In general about 10–30% peaks omission is tolerated in conjunction with missing chemical shift assignments. If more NOESY peaks are omitted calculations gradually become unstable and tend not to tolerate any missing interface chemical shifts. A large amount of omitted NOESY peaks, for instance 30% omission in our calculations, could decrease the tolerance for missing aromatic or methyl interface ¹H chemical shifts to as few as 2–4 missing chemical shifts, suggesting that complete aromatic and methyl ¹H chemical shift assignments are important when the NOESY peak data is significantly incomplete. Finally, for homodimeric proteins with a low percentage of interface residues, our results reveal that the omission of NOESY peaks, even at an extent of only 10%, can result in no tolerance against the omission of interface ¹H chemical shifts, suggesting that the completeness of both interface ¹H chemical shift assignments and NOESY peaks are important for the successful structure determination of proteins with a small homodimer interface.     

Counterion influence on chemical shifts in strychnine salts

The highly toxic plant alkaloid strychnine is often isolated in the form of the anion salt of its protonated tertiary amine. Here, we characterize the relative influence of different counterions on ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts in several strychnine salts in D₂O, methanol‐d₄ (CD₃OD), and chloroform‐d (CDCl₃) solvents. In organic solvents but not in water, substantial variation in chemical shifts of protons near the tertiary amine was observed among different salts. These secondary shifts reveal differences in the way each anion influences electronic structure within the protonated amine. The distributions of secondary shifts allow salts to be easily distinguished from each other as well as from the free base form. Slight concentration dependence in chemical shifts of some protons near the amine was observed for two salts in CDCl₃, but this effect is small compared with the influence of the counterion. Distinct chemical shifts in different salt forms of the same compound may be useful as chemical forensic signatures for source attribution and sample matching of alkaloids such as strychnine and possibly other organic acid and base salts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fast and easy computational method to calculate the (13)C NMR chemical shift of organic species adsorbed on the zeolite surface

Calculations of the 13C NMR chemical shifts for the methoxy and ethoxy groups adsorbed on Y and ZSM-5 zeolites were computed at GIAO/B3LYP/6-31+G*//MM+ level of theory, using a cluster representing a real part of the zeolites. The Y zeolite was represented by a cluster with 168 atoms, while ZSM-5 was represented by a cluster with 144 atoms. The calculated chemical shifts agreed well with reported experimental values, showing that the difference in chemical shifts is associated with differences in the geometry of the alkoxides on the two zeolites.