共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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冷凝器滴状冷凝的超临界系数和BrOWn凝并 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
在文献[1]的基础上引入了超临界系数以描述液滴冷凝过程;证明了当液滴凝聚相同数量的气相分子时,接触角大于90°的冷凝器壁面球冠形液滴的化学势减少量将大于冷凝器内部球形液滴的化学势减少量,并且这种化学势减少量均与液滴的曲率半经的4次方成反比,从而将导致冷凝器内部发生Brown 凝并过程; 探讨了提高冷凝速率的有效途径. 相似文献
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用热力学方法证明了壁面上球冠形液滴的内外压差同样遵循经典的Laplace方程,并用力学方法给予了验证.液滴的内外压差与固液接触角无关,只取决于液体的表面张力和液滴半径;液滴的临界半径也与接触角无关,其值可用经典的Kalvin公式计算
关键词:
滴状冷凝
液滴
压差
临界半径 相似文献
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蒸气凝结相关问题探讨 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
讨论了几个与蒸气凝结相关的问题,指出壁面上球冠形液滴的内外压差和临界半径同样遵循经典的Laplace公式和Kalvin公式;蒸气在冷壁上的冷凝形态主要由后退接触角决定;空气中的水蒸气在换热器表面呈膜状冷凝时换热器的性能优于呈滴状冷凝时换热器的性能。 相似文献
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从化学势变化的角度对液滴的冷凝过程进行了动态描述;给出了实现持续的Brown凝并的条件;结合冷凝器壁面液滴的脱落半径与接触角的关系,求出了滴状冷凝时液滴接触角的最优选择范围.
关键词:
化学势
临界体积
Brown凝并
接触角脱落半径 相似文献
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基于不凝气工况下选择合适蒸汽冷凝润湿性表面,采用ANSYS Fluent软件分别对30°、60°和90°接触角表面及相应组合表面上的冷凝进行了模拟。研究了25%不凝气含量下液滴的成核、合并机制及不同润湿性表面液滴生长周期内的冷凝传热性能,可视化分析了均匀润湿性表面不凝气边界层内液化核心的生成及冷凝液滴的动力学特征,半定量描述了均匀润湿性和组合润湿性表面上瞬态热流密度的分布及其影响机制,为含不凝气工况下不同润湿性冷凝表面的选择及传热强化提供了研究思路。 相似文献
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为研究差异化疏水结构表面蒸汽滴状冷凝传热特性,首先在铜表面通过化学刻蚀法制备了不同的CuO与Cu(OH)_2微纳米复合微结构,通过十八硫醇自组装进一步修饰后,获得了具有不同静态接触角和表面能的差异化疏水表面。实验研究了不同微结构及其接触角对滴状冷凝传热性能的影响,并对冷凝传热过程中液滴在微结构表面的合并、脱落过程进行了可视化研究。结果表明,接触角相近、微结构不同的CuO-Ⅰ与Cu(OH)_2表面冷凝传热性能相近,约为光滑表面的1.5倍。接触角为125°的CuO-Ⅱ表面的冷凝传热性能明显高于CuO-Ⅰ表面,约为光滑表面的3倍。同时,相同过冷度下,CuO-Ⅰ表面冷凝液滴的合并与脱落频率明显低于CuO-Ⅱ表面。 相似文献
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从力学和热力学角度简要证明了滴状冷凝时壁面球冠形液滴内外压强差不同于冷凝器内部球 形液滴的内外压强差,并指出有关文献对壁面自由能增量的理解存在概念上的混乱。
关键词:
滴状冷凝
压差
自由能 相似文献
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利用红外热成像技术研究了蒸汽滴状冷凝中液滴合并过程表面温度分布及演化机制,并基于此分析了不同尺寸液滴表面温度随传热通量变化的分布规律。实验结果表明:与蒸汽在微小液滴表面发生连续冷凝不同,液滴合并过程中蒸汽通过四个阶段实现在大液滴表面的周期性冷凝传热;其中,在液滴吸收蒸汽冷凝放热阶段和向壁面传热阶段之间存在一个平衡,高热通量时,蒸汽向液滴表面传热过程占主导,液滴表面温度随尺寸增加而升高;低热通量时,液滴向冷凝壁面传热过程占主导,液滴表面温度随尺寸增加而降低。液滴运动引起的蒸汽在大液滴表面直接冷凝过程为强化低压蒸汽冷凝传热提供了新思路。 相似文献
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液滴的快速脱落和移除对蒸汽滴状冷凝传热具有重要的影响,超疏水表面由丁二具有接触角大,接触角滞后小的优点而用于驱动冷凝液滴的自发运动,但是,常压蒸汽在超疏水表面冷凝时,液滴的润湿形态还没有定论。本文设计了超疏水疏水条纹间隔排列的超疏水一疏水组合表面,研究了常压蒸汽在组合表面上的冷凝过程,观测了液滴的运动特性,测量了超疏水一疏水组合表面上常压蒸汽冷凝传热性能。实验结果显示疏水区液滴在表面张力差的作用下从疏水区向超疏水区自发迁移,说明超疏水区液滴处于Wenzel润湿形态,超疏水一疏水组合表面蒸汽冷凝传热性能比完全超疏水和完全疏水表面传热性能的面积加权平均值大。说明液滴的自发迁移运动强化了疏水区的传热性能。 相似文献
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When a liquid drop contacts a wettable surface, the liquid spreads over the solid to minimize the total surface energy. The first moments of spreading tend to be rapid. For example, a millimeter-sized water droplet will wet an area having the same diameter as the drop within a millisecond. For perfectly wetting systems, this spreading is inertially dominated. Here we identify that even in the presence of a contact line, the initial wetting is dominated by inertia rather than viscosity. We find that the spreading radius follows a power-law scaling in time where the exponent depends on the equilibrium contact angle. We propose a model, consistent with the experimental results, in which the surface spreading is regulated by the generation of capillary waves. 相似文献
16.
对空冷翅片式和水冷光管式两种冷凝器进行了数值模拟,模拟了不同结构、不同对流换热系数、不同流速下氨液的冷凝量。结果表明:冷凝器管内热阻比管外热阻对氨气的冷凝影响更大;管径一定时,氨液冷凝量随入口速度的的增大而减小,当速度增加到某一值时,冷凝量基本不发生变化,对空冷翅片式冷凝器该速度为0.15m/s,水冷光管式为0.2m/s。 相似文献
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We propose a novel approach to describe wetting of plane solid surfaces by liquid drops. A two-dimensional nonconserved phase field variable is employed to distinguish between wetted and nonwetted regions on the surface. The imbalance in the Young's force provides for the exchange of relative stability of the two phases. The three-phase contact line tension arises from the gradient energy and contact angle hysteresis from the kinetic coefficient. Using this theory, we discuss contact angle hysteresis on chemically heterogeneous surfaces. We show significant departure from the classical Cassie theory, which is attributed to defect pinning of the continuous triple line. 相似文献
18.
We report on first studies of wetting of liquid crystal on photoaligning surface. We observed strong light-induced variations
of a contact angle of a liquid LC 5CB on a photoaligning surface of fluoro-polyvinyl-cinnamate (PVCN-F) and we connected these
variations with changes of PVCN-F polarity. We also present drastic changes of the contact angle of a nematic liquid crystal
(MLC-6080) on the PVCN-F surface in a vicinity of temperature anchoring transition of liquid crystal from homeotropic orientation
to planar one. We did not find any peculiarities in temperature dependence of the contact angle of isotropic liquid (glycerol)
on PVCN-F and of nematic liquid crystal on pure glass in the same temperature range. It allows us to suggest that rearrangement
of LC molecules and flexible fragments in the LC-polymer interface are responsible for the change of surface tensions both
of LC and polymer and the observed jump of the contact angle. 相似文献
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《Surface Science Reports》2014,69(4):325-365
A sessile drop is an isolated drop which has been deposited on a solid substrate where the wetted area is limited by the three-phase contact line and characterized by contact angle, contact radius and drop height. Although, wetting has been studied using contact angles of drops on solids for more than 200 years, the question remains unanswered: Is wetting of a rough and chemically heterogeneous surface controlled by the interactions within the solid/liquid contact area beneath the droplet or only at the three-phase contact line? After the publications of Pease in 1945, Extrand in 1997, 2003 and Gao and McCarthy in 2007 and 2009, it was proposed that advancing, receding contact angles, and contact angle hysteresis of rough and chemically heterogeneous surfaces are determined by interactions of the liquid and the solid at the three-phase contact line alone and the interfacial area within the contact perimeter is irrelevant. As a consequence of this statement, the well-known Wenzel (1934) and Cassie (1945) equations which were derived using the contact area approach are proposed to be invalid and should be abandoned. A hot debate started in the field of surface science after 2007, between the three-phase contact line and interfacial contact area approach defenders. This paper presents a review of the published articles on contact angles and summarizes the views of the both sides. After presenting a brief history of the contact angles and their measurement methods, we discussed the basic contact angle theory and applications of contact angles on the characterization of flat, rough and micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces. The weak and strong sides of both three-phase contact line and contact area approaches were discussed in detail and some practical conclusions were drawn. 相似文献