碱性介质中甘氨酸在纳米金膜电极上的吸附和氧化

运用原位红外反射光谱（in situ FTIRS）和电化学石英晶体微天平（EQCM）在分子水平上研究了碱性介质中甘氨酸在纳米金膜电极上的解离吸附和氧化过程.结果表明,甘氨酸在很低的电位下（－0.8 V, vs SCE）就可发生解离吸附.其解离产物氰基(CN－)与电极表面存在较强的化学吸附作用，形成AuCN－物种(红外吸收谱峰位于2100 cm－1附近).吸附在纳米金膜表面的CN－给出红外吸收显著增强、红外谱峰方向倒反和半峰宽增加的异常红外效应特征.吸附态CN－在低电位抑制H2O和OH－的吸附，当电位高于0.2 V可氧化产生OCN－；进一步升高电位到0.3 V则形成.溶液相物种OCN－和对应的红外吸收峰分别为2169 cm－1和2145 cm－1.实验结果指出，金以的形式溶解是导致电极表面质量显著减少的主要原因.     

化学走出地球——2018年美国国家化学周活动介绍

简要介绍美国国家化学周的历史发展和活动特点，重点介绍"化学走出地球"实验活动，并对科学阅读、采访未来化学家等活动板块作简要说明。结合本次活动特点，联系我国化学教育实际，得出了几点启示：（1）设计实验，强化证据意识；（2）鼓励实践，加深化学本质理解；（3）构建模型，突出项目学习；（4）协同育人，推进科教结合；（5）强调阅读，关注学科动态；（6）融合科技，培养原子思维。     

鄂尔多斯盆地石油的稀土元素地球化学特征

研究了鄂尔多斯盆地石油的稀土元素地球化学特征。鄂尔多斯盆地石油的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有3种模式,分别与富钙花岗岩、下地壳和上地壳岩石特征相似,反映了石油与这些岩石具有某种成因联系。其中,位于基底断裂带和构造热活动相对强烈的区域,石油的稀土模式与富钙花岗岩、下地壳岩石特征相似,显示这些成油的流体在运移过程中可能与深部岩石有过相互作用,抑或有深部流体物质的直接加入;在基底断裂不发育且构造稳定的区域,石油的稀土模式具有与上地壳沉积岩相似的特征。由此反映了不同构造区域,石油的物质成分来源不同,尤其是在基底断裂带和构造热活动相对强烈区,所赋存的油气田中有深部物质组分的运移和加入。     

光敏性季铵盐的合成与性能研究

制备了α-二乙氨基苯乙酮并在醋酸环境下将该化合物与苯基缩水甘油醚（PGE）反应合成了以醋酸根为配对阴离子的、具有芳酮结构的光敏性季铵盐（α-PGE－A），通过红外吸收光谱，核磁共振谱及热重分析对α-PGE－A紫外光辐照前后的结构进行了研究。红外光谱显示α-PGE－A经紫外辐照后，其羰基吸收峰显著增强，醋酸根离子吸收峰消失；核磁共振研究表明样品光照后可能生成频胺及醋酸酯。α-PGE-A与环境树脂复配合的热固化研究显示，经紫外光辐照后的样品热固化较易进行完全。表明α-PGE-A具有一定光产碱活性。     

稀土元素11—钨锌合铝杂多配合物的合成,表征和催化性能

首次合成稀土元素１１－钨外合铝杂多配合物，用元素分析，红外光谱，紫外光谱，Ｘ射线光电子能谱和热分析等对合成产物进行了表征。其分子通式为；ＬｎＨ４「Ａｌ（Ｈ２Ｏ）ＺｎＷ１１Ｏ３９」．ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ）。在此基础上，对其在合成己二酸二酯中的催化性能进行了研究。     

Keggin型过渡金属杂多配合物SiW_(11)M~(x-)(M=Mn~Ⅲ、Fe~Ⅲ、Co~Ⅲ)的稳定性、磁性及催化性能研究

合成了三价态过渡金属取代的钨硅杂多配合物αＳｉＷ１１Ｍｘ－（Ｍ＝ＭｎⅢ、ＦｅⅢ、ＣｏⅢ）的Ｋ（或Ｃｓ）盐，通过元素分析、红外、紫外、可见光谱、循环伏安等手段进行了表征．研究了配合物的热稳定性、水溶液中的酸碱稳定性、催化活性以及磁性，常温和变温（８２Ｋ～２７２Ｋ）磁化率数据表明配合物具有顺磁性特征．     

丁二烯－八甲基环四硅氧烷的嵌段共聚合研究 Ⅱ．嵌段共聚物表征及其选择透气性能

用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、示差扫描量热法、凝胶色谱法、电子显微镜、Ｘ－射线衍射等现代分析测试手段对聚丁二烯一聚二甲硅氧烷嵌段共聚物，Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｄｄ－ｂ－ＤＭＳ），进行了表征，结果表明Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｂｄ－ｂ－ＤＭＳ）具有嵌段结构和微观相分离形态；研究了Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｂｄ－ｂ－ＤＭＳ）的成膜性及选择透气性，证明其具有较好的富氧性能；考察了铸膜条件、硫化条件对选择透气性的影响；初步讨论了微观结构与选择透气性的相关性．     

聚氯乙烯树脂的不饱和度和热稳定性的关系

用紫外 可见光谱法表征了不同来源的聚氯乙烯树脂（ＰＶＣ）的热稳定性，用一氯化碘加成法测量了ＰＶＣ的总的双键含量，用红外光谱法测量了ＰＶＣ的孤立双键和共轭双键的相对含量．结果表明，ＰＶＣ在加工期间的初期着色行为和长期热稳定性并不直接相关，前者取决于ＰＶＣ分子链中共轭双键的含量，而后者则和孤立双键的含量有关     

人体乳腺癌组织红外光谱特征的研究

利用红外光谱法对正常乳腺组织、良性肿瘤和乳腺癌组织进行了对比研究.与正常组织的光谱相比,癌组织中蛋白质的某些氨基酸残基的ν_C-O(H)谱带位置明显向高波数位移,表明组织中该基团中的氢键大部分被破坏.蛋白质分子的氢键化的ν_NH谱带位置向低波数位移,且谱带形状也有所改变,说明NH…O=C氢键化程度增强.核酸的磷酸二酯基团的ν_s,PO₂^-谱带吸收强度明显增强,反映癌细胞内DNA相对含量增加;位于970cm^-1附近的ν_s,PO₃^{-谱带强度增加,提示细胞中磷酸化蛋白含量增加.而胶原蛋白的特征谱带强度减弱,说明其相对含量减少.研究证明,红外光谱可在分子水平上揭示乳腺肿瘤的特征.}     

2－羰基丙酸（2，4－二硝基苯基）腙镧系配合物的合成及其大鼠精子抑制效应研究

本文合成了１２种镧系配合物Ｌｎ（ＣＰＤ）３·２Ｈ２Ｏ［Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ～Ｙｂ，除Ｐｍ、Ｔｍ；ＨＣＰＤ＝２－羰基丙酸（２，４－二硝基苯基）腙］．对配合物进行了元素分析、差热－热重分析；测定了其红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振谱（１Ｈ和１３Ｃ）、磁化率和摩尔电导．给出了配合物可能的结构，并对镧配合物进行了大鼠精子抑制效应的研究．     

Monitoring of radon anomalies in South-Eastern part of Romania for earthquake surveillance

South-Eastern part of Romania has a highest potential seismic risk in Europe due to the earthquake-prone Vrancea zone placed at conjunction of four tectonic blocks in the South-Eastern part of Carpathian Arc. This paper is an attempt to analyze the development of radon pre-earthquake anomaly in relation with moderate seismic events in Vrancea area through permanent monitoring with solid state nuclear track detectors CR-39 detectors. Radon in air above the ground was measured during 1?year period (November 2010?COctober 2011) in four selected test sites: Vrancioaia (VRI) and Plostina (PLOR) located in Vrancea zone, and Muntele Rosu-Cheia and Bucharest. During sampling period recorded earthquakes that occurred mostly in Vrancea epicentral region were minor-moderate of moment magnitudes in range of $ 2.0 \le M_{w} \le 4.9 $ . The average radon concentration in air above the ground measured with CR-39 detectors and 10?days period recorded simultaneously at all test sites, registered the following values: (1) in Vrancea area (similar in VRI and PLOR) was 1094.58? $ \pm $ ?150.3?Bq/m³; (2) at Muntele Rosu-Cheia seismic station measured in a mountain tunnel laboratory was 3695.91 ±?440?Bq/m³; (3) at Bucharest station was 380.53? $ \pm $ ?69.17?Bq/m³, and 10?days C_Rn fluctuations in the range of (88? $ \pm $ ?40 to 912 $ \pm $ ?130?Bq/m³). Clear radon anomalies, mostly at VRI and PLOR in Vrancea epicentral area as well as at Muntele Rosu-Cheia have been measured before seven minor earthquakes which were recorded in the range of moment magnitude $ 4 \le M_{w} \le 4.9 $ in Vrancea area. Temporal variation of radon in air near the ground have been examined in relation with meteorological parameters like as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and wind velocity. Permanent monitoring of radon concentration anomalies in seismic area Vrancea is an important issue as surveillance tool in the field of earthquake hazard for Romania.     

Uranium groundwater anomalies and active normal faulting

The ability to predict earthquakes is one of the greatest challenges for Earth Sciences. Radon has been suggested as one possible precursor, and its groundwater anomalies associated with earthquakes and water?Crock interactions were proposed in several seismogenic areas worldwide as due to possible transport of radon through microfractures, or due to crustal gas fluxes along active faults. However, the use of radon as a possible earthquake??s precursor is not clearly linked to crustal deformation. It is shown in this paper that uranium groundwater anomalies, which were observed in cataclastic rocks crossing the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory, can be used as a possible strain meter in domains where continental lithosphere is subducted. Measurements evidence clear, sharp anomalies from July, 2008 to the end of March, 2009, related to a preparation phase of the seismic swarm, which occurred near L??Aquila, Italy, from October, 2008 to April, 2009. On April 6th, 2009 an earthquake (M_w = 6.3) occurred at 01:33 UT in the same area, with normal faulting on a NW?CSE oriented structure about 15 km long, dipping toward SW. In the framework of the geophysical and geochemical models of the area, these measurements indicate that uranium may be used as a possible strain meter in extensional tectonic settings similar to those where the L??Aquila earthquake occurred.     

Diffusional anomaly and network dynamics in liquid silica

The present study applies the power spectral analysis technique to understand the diffusional anomaly in liquid silica, modeled using the Beest-Kramer-van Santen (BKS) potential. Molecular-dynamics simulations have been carried out to show that power spectrum of tagged particle potential energy of silica shows a regime with 1f(alpha) dependence on frequency f which is the characteristic signature of multiple time scale behaviour in networks. As demonstrated earlier in the case of water [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 104507 (2005)], the variations in the mobility associated with the diffusional anomaly are mirrored in the scaling exponent alpha associated with this multiple time scale behavior. Our results indicate that in the anomalous regime, as the local tetrahedral order decreases with temperature or pressure, the coupling of local modes to network reorganizations increases and so does the diffusivity. This symmetry-dependence of the vibrational couplings is responsible for the connection between the structural and diffusional anomalies.     

Correlation Analysis of the Runoff of the Rivers and the Seisms in China

In recent hundred years the annual discharge variations of the Changjiang River (represented by the Yichang station) and the Huanghe River (represented by Shanxian and Tangnaihe, respectively) have closely related to the geographical distribution of the earthquakes coming about in China in the same year, Both the occurrence of the destructive seism or seismic swarm in the river basins and the disappearance of the shocks in the east and south of the basins are the conditions that the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers are the high flow while that the strong earthquake of magnitude 7 or more occurred in North China is the condition for the Changjiang low flow year and that of 6 or more in the Qilian Mountains area is for the Huanghe River. In the latter part of this paper, a 2-year sample is given to explain that the conditions of the 2 rivers being high flow years are that the north-south seismic belt is active and in the meanwhile no seism occurred in South China, and those of the low flow year are that the     

Dielectric and conducting behaviors in quasi-amorphous hybrid poly(diallyldimethylammonium phosphomolybdate)

A quasi-amorphous inorganic-organic hybrid solid, which is comprised of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) polyelectrolyte cations with phosphomolybdates and denoted as PDDA/PMA, was prepared and characterized using elemental analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, thermal and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The PDDA/PMA exhibits multistep dielectric anomalies and dielectric relaxations. The dielectric anomaly around 353 K arises partially from the water trapped in the PDDA/PMA network releasing. The PDDA/PMA was further dried under vacuum at 373 K to give water-free sample PDDA/PMA-1. With water being removed, the broad anomaly peak around 353 K in the ε′-T plot of PDDA/PMA changes into a platform in that of PDDA/PMA-1, indicating that the dielectric anomalies result from not only losing water but also the network disorder in PDDA/PMA-1. In addition, the platform strongly depends on the AC frequency in PDDA/PMA-1; the electric modulus and ion conductance analyses demonstrated that the dielectric relaxations at elevated temperature are related to the PMA ions displacing motion.     

河口昵博铜镍矿土壤地球化学测量数据处理及找矿

昵博铜镍多金属矿位于滇东南地区,大地构造位置属于特提斯―喜马拉雅构造域和环太平洋构造域的交接部位。该区域土壤次生晕测量结果表明,Cu、Fe、Ti、Co、Ni、Cr、V元素背景含量较高,Au、As、Sb、Hg元素背景含量偏低,Au可能来自深源,其分布与反应基性、超基性岩的元素相似。结合矿区地质背景分析并进一步处理土壤次生晕数据,确定区域地球化学背景、元素富集区域及化学异常带,结合地质背景,共划分出两处化学异常带为成矿有利区域,其找矿前景良好。测量数据可为今后进一步的勘查工作提供可靠依据。     

Thermoluminescence from photoexcited polyethylene terephthalate

Thermoluminescence from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been investigated. A correlation was found between thermoluminescence (TL) and thermally stimulated current (TSC). The apparent activation energy was estimated at 0.23–0.50 eV for both TSC and TL from ?170 to 0°C. This activation energy presumably indicates the trap depth, which is decreased by molecular motions, since both TSC and TL are quenched efficiently with visible light, but not with infrared light of energy of the magnitude of thermal activation energy. The spectrum of TL glow curves agrees with the photoluminescence spectrum at ?185°C, which is composed of an excimer and a monomer fluorescence and also a structured phosphorescence at wavelengths longer than 400 nm.     

Non-mass-dependent (17) O anomalies generated by a superimposed thermal gradient on a rarefied O(2) gas in a closed system

Cryogenic or heating methods have been widely used in experiments involving gas purification or isolation and in studying phase changes among solids, liquids, or gases for more than a century. Thermal gradients are often present in these routine processes. While stable isotopes of an element are known to fractionate under a thermal gradient, the largely diffusion‐driven fractionation is assumed to be entirely mass‐dependent. We report here, however, that distinct non‐mass‐dependent oxygen isotope fractionation can be generated when subjecting rarefied O₂ gas in a closed system to a simple thermal gradient. The Δ¹⁷O value, a measure of the ¹⁷O anomaly, can be up to ?0.51‰ (standard deviation (s.d.) 1σ = 0.03) in one of the temperature compartments. The magnitude of the ¹⁷O anomalies decreased with increasing initial gas pressures. The authenticity of this phenomenon is substantiated by a series of blank tests and isotope mass‐balance calculations. The observed anomalies are not the result of H₂O contamination in samples or in isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Our finding calls attention to the importance of thermal gradient‐induced isotope fractionation and to its implications in laboratory procedures, stable isotope geochemistry, and the physical chemistry of rarefied gases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EFFECTS OF SOURCE PROPERTIES ON CUTOFF FREQUENCY f_(max)

The cutoff frequency f_(max) of radiation from earthquakes is one of the important parameters for studying the source process. By theoretical analysis and numerical experiments on acceleration Fourier spectrum it is suggested that f_(max) mainly depends on the lower values of slip rise time. This result can be used to explain the observational fact that the greater the earthquake magnitude, the smaller the value of f_(max).     

Sensitivity of the retina to radiation damage as a function of wavelength.

Abstract—Exposure of the retina of the rhesus monkey to visible and infrared radiation from CW optical sources like the Sun, xenon lamps, etc. produces small lesions or scotomata which may be classified as thermal or photochemical, depending on the wavelength and duration of exposure. The action spectrum for the production of retinal lesions has been determined for eight monochromatic laser wavelengths extending from 1064 to 441 nm. The corneal power required to produce a lesion decreases by three orders of magnitude in going from 1064 to 441 nm. Exposure to 1064 nm radiation for 1000 s produces a typical thermal lesion at elevated retinal temperatures. whereas a 1000 s exposure to 441 nm light produces a photochemical lesion at power levels too low to raise the retinal temperature by an appreciable amount (<0.1°). The two types of lesion have entirely different characteristics as will be discussed in some detail. The photopathology of thc photochemical lesion has been studied at postexposure times ranging from 1 h to 90 days and will be demonstrated in a number of histological slides. Moreover, this photopathology correlates well with monocular visual acuity tests in the rhesus monkey as defined by the Landolt ring technique. To further elucidate the differential effects on the retina of short vs long wavelength CW radiation, we have divided a simulated solar spectrum at sea level into two spectral bands. 400–800 nm and 700–1400 nm, and determined the radiant exposures required to produce very mild lcsions on the rhesus retina for exposure times of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 s. To correlate our data with solar retinitis and eclipse blindness the image diameter or spot size on the retina was 159 μm, corresponding to the image size of the Sun on the human retina. Exposure to the 400–800 nm spectrum for durations of 10 s or greater required approximately 400 J/cm² to produce a mild photochemical lesion. Reciprocity is maintained over the exposure range 10–1000 s. Radiant exposure to the 700–1400 nm spectrum, on the other hand, required roughly 69,100 J/cm² for a 1000 s exposure. This was a mild thermal lesion. We were unable to produce a lesion for exposure times less than 1000 s. We interpret these data to mean that solar retinitis and eclipse blindness are primarily photochemical events produced by the short wavelength component of the solar spectrum, and that the infrared component of the solar spectrum plays only a minor role in these retinal pathologies.