八元瓜环与1,7-二(2-苯并咪唑)-庚烷的超分子自组装

以氯化1,7-二（2-苯并咪唑）-庚烷（SBHt）为客体,八元瓜环（Q[8]）为主体,利用¹H NMR技术、动态光散射实验、荧光发射光谱、紫外吸收光谱详细探索了其在溶液中的相互作用、超分子自组装过程及作用模式. 首先考察了八元瓜环对客体pKa的影响,确定了研究主客体相互作用的条件,并详细探索了主客体的超分子自组装过程及作用模式. 主体Q[8]与客体SBHt相互作用的¹H NMR谱图表明,主客体相互作用自组装形成1：1超分子聚合物. 这一推断得到动态光散射实验、紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱测定结果的证实,并通过紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱确定其表观稳定常数分别为2.79×10⁵ L/mol及2.48×10⁵ L/mol. 而晶体结构测定表明主体Q[8]与客体SBHt自组装形成1：2的简单包结配合物. 导致Q[8]与SBHt在溶液中和固体状态下形成不同自组装结构可能源于瓜环的外壁作用与包结作用竞争所致.     

骨架结构对大环主体化合物作为阴离子受体性能的影响

通过文献报道的方法,高效合成了大环化合物环[2](2,6-二(1H-咪唑基)吡啶[2](1,4-二亚甲基苯)(14+)和环[2](2,6-二(1H-咪唑基)吡啶[2](1,2-二亚甲基苯)(24+).通过溶液中核磁1H谱、气相电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)及固相单晶衍射方法,详细考察了这两个大环主体化合物与一系列体积较小、形状各异的无机阴离子客体间的相互作用.Job’s plot研究结果表明与24+相比,大环主体14+能够结合等量或者更多的阴离子客体;结合常数的计算表明,对于易于形成分子间氢键与大环主体进行复合的阴离子即Cl-,3N-,3NO-或4HSO-,24+与该类阴离子进行1∶1复合的结合常数(Ka1)总是大于甚至是远大于14+.但是对于较难形成分子间氢键,随着离子半径的增大导致极化性增强,更易于发生anion-π作用的离子如Br-和I-,14+与它们的结合常数近于甚至大于24+.推测产生上述现象的原因是由于24+具有紧凑的骨架结构,使四个酸性较强的咪唑盐基2位C—H位点能够有效协同,与体积较小的阴离子同时形成强的分子间氢键;而14+的骨架结构使得上述位点的空间距离较大,具有咪唑盐基团2位C—H键难以全部参与对阴离子的相互作用,而更易于同时与更多的阴离子结合,并更易于发生anion-π的协同作用.上述结果展示了大环主体化合物的骨架结构将控制其空腔的大小、形状及与客体阴离子产生分子间氢键相互作用的C—H键位点的空间分布,从而极大地影响主客体之间复合的模式(如化学计量比和结合常数等).     

吡啶氮氧化衍生物与酰胺大环化合物络合性能与结构的关系

介绍了3,5-吡啶二甲酸氮氧衍生物作为客体分子与主体分子酰胺大环的相互作用.通过质谱和核磁共振氢谱等实验技术研究了吡啶氮氧化物和酰胺大环化合物的结构特点对两者络合作用的影响.实验结果表明,3,5-吡啶二甲酰苄胺氮氧化物与酰胺大环化合物的络合能力最强,3,5-吡啶二甲酰丁胺氮氧化物次之,3,5-吡啶二甲酸苄酯氮氧化物最弱.酰胺大环分子的空腔越大其络合吡啶氮氧化物的能力越弱,酰胺大环上是否含有吡啶环结构对其络合氮氧化物的能力影响较小.并通过核磁实验进一步验证吡啶酰胺氮氧化合物与酰胺大环形成的[2]准轮烷分子在三氟乙酸/三乙胺的作用下能够发生解离/再组装行为.     

含噁二唑大环冠醚的合成、 结构及金属离子识别性能

合成了含有1,3,4-噁二唑基团的大环冠醚: 2,3,11,12-二苯并-4,7,10,16-四氧-14,15-二氮杂双环[11.2.1]-十六烷-13,15-二烯(2)、 2,3,14,15-二苯并-4,7,10,13,19-五氧-17,18-二氮杂双环[14.2.1]-十九烷-16,18-二烯(3)和2,3,17,18-二苯并-4,7,10,13,16,22-六氧-20,21-二氮杂双环[17.2.1]-二十二烷-19,21-二烯(4), 并培养得到其单晶; 通过核磁共振波谱、 高分辨质谱及X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 冠醚2属正交晶系, Pna2₁空间群; 冠醚3属于单斜晶系, C2/c空间群; 冠醚4属正交晶系, Pbca空间群. 在3个主体化合物中均存在分子间氢键和π-π相互作用将分子连接成三维空间结构. 采用荧光光谱测定了开链冠醚2,5-二[2-(2-甲氧乙氧基)苯基]-1,3,4-噁二唑(1)和不同环空腔大小的噁二唑冠醚(2~4)对金属离子Li ⁺, Na ⁺, K ⁺, Rb ⁺, Mg ²⁺和Ca ²⁺的键合行为. 研究结果表明, 开链冠醚1和冠醚4对碱土金属Mg ²⁺和Ca ²⁺表现出荧光猝灭行为, 且对Ca ²⁺表现出良好的键合能力和选择性; 而冠醚2对Na ⁺和K ⁺表现出良好的键合能力, 但其Na ⁺/K ⁺的选择性较差.     

六元瓜环、对称四甲基六元瓜环与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的自组装模式

利用核磁共振波谱、 紫外吸收光谱、 荧光光谱和单晶X射线衍射分析等考察了六元瓜环(Q[6])及对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的相互作用. 实验结果表明, 客体分子分别与这2种瓜环自组装形成相似的1∶1包结配合物, 但晶体结构分析结果表明两个体系在主客体分子间作用力诱导下形成了不同的空间堆积模式, 其包结常数分别为K_K8-Q[6]=4.18×10⁷ L/mol, K_K8-TMeQ[6]=6.11×10⁷ L/mol.     

均相时间分辨免疫分析铕穴状螯合剂的合成

以2,6-二（溴甲基）吡啶-3,5-二甲酸二乙酯为起始原料,经溴化、取代、加成及酸化反应合成了两种铕穴状荧光螯合剂Eu³⁺ 2,6-{N,N′,N,N′-[二（2,2′-联吡啶-6,6′-二甲基）]二（氨甲基）}-吡啶-二羧酸[Eu³⁺ bpy.bpy.py(CO₂H)₂, 1]和Eu³⁺2,6-{N,N′,N,N′-[二（2,2′ 联吡啶-6,6′-二甲基）]二（氨甲基）}-吡啶-二[N-(2-氨基乙基)酰胺]{Eu³⁺bpy.bpy.py[CONH(CH₂)₂NH₂]₂, 2},其结构和性能经¹H NMR, MS(ESI)和荧光光谱表征。结果表明：1的最佳激发波长为312 nm,发射特征峰位于598和615 nm,荧光寿命为1 064 μs,量子产量为10%。 2的最佳激发波长为311 nm,发射特征峰位于597和616 nm,荧光寿命为398 μs,量子产率为12.1%。     

双硬配体修饰的{BW12O40}超分子化合物的水热合成及其超级电容性能

以苯并咪唑（biz）、乙二胺（en）为配体,K₅[BW₁₂O₄₀]为前驱体水热法合成了一种双硬配体修饰的超分子化合物（H₂biz）(Hbiz)[Co（en）₃][BW₁₂O₄₀]（1）.单晶结构分析表明,该化合物是由1个[BW₁₂O₄₀]^5-阴离子、1个[Co（en）₃]²⁺片段、单、双质子化的biz构成,并通过氢键或超分子作用形成1D到3D结构.以该化合物为活性物质制成玻碳电极,在电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,其比电容是473.15 F·g^-1.同时,该化合物具有较高的稳定性,5 000次循环后保持率达94.7%.标题化合物的电荷存储机制是扩散电荷和表面电荷相互作用.表明合成化合物是一种有实用价值的物质.     

咔唑与N-烷基咔唑光物理行为的差异

已知甲基、乙基咔唑等咔唑的衍生物与对位苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMTP)和邻位苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)可以形成激基复合物^[1],但是咔唑与DMTP或DMP相互作用时观察不到激基复合物的荧光。     

基于偶氮桥连的新型双铁羰基配合物:Fe2(N2C5H10)(CO)6-x (PR3)x的合成及衍生

具有五元环结构的偶氮化合物4,4-二甲基-4,5-二氢-3H-吡咯（N₂C₅H₁₀）,与Fe₃（CO）₁₂在甲苯中加热回流反应,生成双铁六羰基配合物Fe₂（N₂C₅H₁₀）（CO）₆（1）.反应中N=N双键被还原,配体以（N₂C₅H₁₀）^2-的形式与Fe^IFe^I配位,形成具有蝶形结构的34e^-化合物.研究了在脱羰基试剂Me₃NO存在条件下,1和单齿膦配体PR₃反应生成Fe₂（N₂C₅H₁₀）-（CO）₅（PR₃）（PR₃=PPh₃,2a;PCy₃,2b）单取代配合物.光照条件下,化合物1中的CO配体还可以被双齿膦配体dppe[dppe=1,2-C₂H₄（PPh₂）₂]和dppbz[dppbz=1,2-C₆H₄（PPh₂）₂]取代,生成产物的类型和膦配体的夹角相关.与夹角较大的dppe反应,生成桥连产物Fe₂（N₂C₅H₁₀）（CO）₄（μ-dppe）（3a）;而与刚性较大的dppbz反应时,Fe₂（NR）₂的蝶形结构打开呈四元环;其中一个Fe上的CO被取代,dppbz与该Fe中心螯合,生成具有桥连CO的化合物Fe₂（N₂C₅H₁₀）（μ-CO）（CO）₄（κ²-dppbz）（3b）.合成具有Fe^I-CO-Fe^I结构的羰基化合物,一直是模拟[FeFe]氢化酶活性中心还原态结构Fe₂（SR）₂（μ-CO）-（CO）_5-xL_x的重要挑战.该类Fe₂（NR）₂（CO）_6-x（PR₃）_x化合物的合成,能为探索模拟[FeFe]氢化酶活性中心结构提供新的途径和思路.以上化合物均通过核磁[³¹P（¹H）NMR]、红外光谱（IR）、元素分析及X射线单晶结构衍射等表征.     

两种具有螺旋结构的双核铜有机-无机配位聚合物的合成及表征

在水热和溶剂热条件下, 有机多齿羧酸4,4'-三苯胺二甲酸(H₂L)及含铜化合物分别与2,2'-联吡啶(bpy)和1,4-二(吡啶-4-甲氧基)苯(bpmb)反应, 合成了2种新型的含铜配位聚合物[Cu₂L(bpy)](1)和[CuL(bpmb)_0.5]·DMF(2). 通过X射线单晶衍射、 红外光谱、 元素分析、 热重和粉末X射线衍射分析等对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 化合物1属正交晶系, Pnma空间群, 其骨架为二维层状结构; 化合物2属单斜晶系, P2₁/c空间群, 具有{4⁴·6¹⁰·8}拓扑结构的三维网络.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.