直接测汞仪的校准及检出限不确定度评定

介绍直接测汞仪的计量特性和校准方法。校准项目和技术指标:线性误差在±10%之内,检出限不大于1.0 ng,重复性不大于3%。直接测汞仪检出限的不确定度由精密度测量不确定度、回归曲线测量不确定度、标准物质浓度引入的不确定度、温度引入的不确定度组成。对各不确定度分量进行评定,得到检出限的扩展不确定度为U=0.06 ng (k=2)。该方法能客观全面反映仪器的计量性能,可为该类仪器的校准和计量标准的考核提供参考。     

燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定水中总有机碳的不确定度评定

评定燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定水中总有机碳的测量不确定度。根据JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》、CNAS-GL006—2019《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》,该测量方法的不确定度来源主要有标准物质、溶液配制、校准曲线拟合、测量重复性。对各不确定度分量进行评定,最终合成得到测量结果的相对标准不确定度为1.34%,水样总有机碳质量浓度测定结果表示为(48.28±1.30)mg/L(k=2)。测量重复性是影响测量不确定度的主要因素,校准曲线拟合、标准物质的影响较小。     

20nm银粉末粒度标准物质的研制

研制了用于X射线小角散射仪校准的20 nm粉末粒度标准物质,并对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察及定值不确定度进行了分析。研制的银粉末粒度标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,标准值为17.2 nm,相对扩展不确定度为6%。     

石油产品微量残炭测定仪的校准

通过分析石油产品微量残炭测定仪的工作原理,参考相应的国家技术规范,建立石油产品微量残炭测定仪的校准方法,提出了示值误差、重复性等校准项目。采用残炭值为2.03%的油品残炭标准物质对石油产品微量残炭测定仪进行校准,其示值误差为0.04%,重复性为0.03%,对石油产品微量残炭测定仪示值误差测量结果的不确定度进行了评定,其扩展不确定度为0.15%(k=2)。该校准方法切实可行,可用于石油产品微量残炭测定仪的校准。     

石油产品酸值测定仪校准方法

通过分析石油产品酸值测定仪工作原理,参考相应的国家技术规范,建立石油产品酸值测定仪的校准方法。使用酸值(以KOH计)为(0.11±0.03) mg/g的酸值标准物质对以颜色指示剂法为原理的石油产品酸值测定仪进行校准,设定校准项目:示值误差为–0.01 mg/g;重复性为0.02 mg/g。对石油产品酸值测定仪示值误差测量结果的不确定度进行评定,扩展不确定度为0.04 mg/g(k=2)。该校准方法计量特性满足校准要求,可用于评价石油产品酸值测定仪的性能。     

水中亚硝酸根离子标准物质的研制

研制水中亚硝酸根离子标准物质。采用杂质扣除法和差式扫描量热法确定原材料亚硝酸钠的纯度为99.86%,相对扩展不确定度为0.20%(k=2);采用重量–容量法配制水中亚硝酸根离子标准物质,并对研制的标准物质进行F检验和趋势线检验。结果表明,研制的水中亚硝酸根离子标准物质的标准值为1 000 mg/L,相对扩展不确定度为1%(k=2)。该标准物质具备良好的均匀性和稳定性,可用于亚硝酸根离子分析检测方法评价和仪器校准,符合国家二级标准物质的要求。     

甲醇中丙烯酸乙酯溶液标准物质制备

研制特征量值为1 000μg/mL甲醇中丙烯酸乙酯溶液标准物质。分别利用气相色谱-质谱联用法、核磁共振波谱法和红外光谱法对丙烯酸乙酯标准品原料进行定性确认。采用质量平衡法对主成分含量进行量值核验，丙烯酸乙酯标准品纯度（质量分数）为99.842%，扩展不确定度为0.3%，量值在证书给出的不确定度范围内，因此采用证书标识量值作为原料标准值，证书中标识的不确定度作为原料不确定度。以丙烯酸乙酯标准品为原料，采用重量-容量法制备溶液标准物质，分别采用F检验和t检验对标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性检验，并对其定值结果的不确定度进行评定。结果表明，该标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好，有效期为12月，定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)，可用于环境样品中丙烯酸乙酯分析方法的确认和评价以及仪器校准与检测质量控制。     

冶金分析仪器检定/校准中若干问题的探讨

对冶金分析仪器检定/校准中若干问题进行了探讨,包括计量标准、示值误差异常值的判断、不确定度、检定/校准项目、元素和测量范围等。计量人员用标准物质检定/校准仪器可以保证仪器测量结果的溯源,而实验室"自检定/自校准"不具备溯源性;示值误差的测量次数和测量数据的一致性需要利用统计规则进行判断,而不能直接取平均值作为测量结果;进行检定/校准结果的不确定度评定时,重复性引入的不确定度分量可以预先评估,评定检出限不确定度意义不大,实验室在进行一次测量时,一定程度上可以直接引用校准证书上的不确定度。校准的项目、元素和范围超出检定规程或者校准规范的要求时,计量机构需要进行方法确认及不确定度的评定。     

GC–MS校准用异辛烷中八氟萘标准溶液的研制

采用重量–容量法研制了气相色谱–质谱(GC–MS)校准用100.1 pg/μL异辛烷中八氟萘溶液标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的溶液标准物质进行了均匀性和稳定性检验,对定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明,研制的异辛烷中八氟萘溶液标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为3%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于GC–MS联用仪的EI源及负CI源的信噪比校准。     

辉光放电质谱仪校准方法

研究了辉光放电质谱仪（GDMS）的校准方法,评定了校准结果不确定度。用纯铜和合金钢标准样品在优化条件下对辉光放电质谱仪的灵敏度、稳定性、分辨率、检出限、示值误差和重复性等计量指标进行校准,验证仪器的可靠性。运用标准曲线方法定量分析合金钢标准样品中铜、钼、钨3钟元素,计算得铜、钼、钨3钟元素测量值的相对扩展不确定度分别为8%、6%、9%。根据不确定度来源和各不确定度分量结果,可知相对灵敏度因子（F）带来的不确定度显著高于其它不确定度,其对GDMS定量分析的准确性产生较大影响。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.