氰基铝(AlCN)及其阴阳离子低能激发态的理论研究

在C2v对称性下,采用全活化空间自洽场(CASSCF)和多组态二级微扰理论(CASPT2)方法研究氰基铝(AlCN)及其阴阳离子的基态和低能激发态.在ANO-L基组水平下,计算了AlCN及其阴阳离子低能电子态的几何,组态及其相互作用系数,谐振频率,绝热激发能,垂直激发能和振子强度.在CASSCF/CASPT2理论水平下,计算得到AlCN的11Π电子态的绝热激发能为352.4kJ·mol-1,与实验值344.0kJ·mol-1符合得很好.另外,预测AlCN的跃迁X1Σ+→21Π发生在673.1kJ·mol-1.激发能和振子强度的计算为研究AlCN的吸收光谱提供理论指导.     

HSO自由基电子基态激发态的CAS计算研究

使用CASSCF方法和ANO-L基组优化了HSO自由基的基态和3个低占据激发态的结构, 并采用包括更多电子动态相关能的CASPT2方法进行了单点能校正. 频率计算结果表明, 优化的4个几何为势能面上的稳定点. 通过电子结构的研究合理地解释了各个激发态相对于电子基态的结构变化.     

OClO里德堡态激发能的准确预测及其阴离子低能激发态的从头算研究

采用全活化空间自洽场方法(CASSCF)研究了OClO阴离子7个低能电子态及其自由基的基态.为了进一步考虑动态电子相关效应,采用二级多组态微扰理论(CASPT2)获得更加可靠的能量值.此外,在ANO-L基组的基础上,在OClO自由基的电荷中心增加了为研究里德堡态所建立的1s1p1d的波函数,并应用多组态二级微扰理论(MS-CASPT2)方法获得了里德堡态的准确电子激发能.     

OClO里德堡态激发能的准确预测及其阴离子低能激发态的从头算研究

采用全活化空间自洽场方法(CASSCF)研究了OClO阴离子7个低能电子态及其自由基的基态. 为了进一步考虑动态电子相关效应, 采用二级多组态微扰理论(CASPT2)获得更加可靠的能量值. 此外, 在ANO-L基组的基础上, 在OClO自由基的电荷中心增加了为研究里德堡态所建立的1s1p1d的波函数, 并应用多组态二级微扰理论(MS-CASPT2)方法获得了里德堡态的准确电子激发能.     

乙基溴及其阳离子的低能激发态从头算研究

应用ANO-S基组以及ECP基组在CASSCF理论水平下计算了乙基溴及其阳离子的低能激发态几何构型, 并应用CASPT2方法对动态相关能进行单点能校正. 根据乙基溴基态能量和相应阳离子电子态的能量差对光电子谱(Photoelectron spectrum)的谱线进行了理论指认. 在乙基溴的基态预测几何下, 进行了谐振频率计算, 对各个振动频率进行了理论指认. 计算结果与实验值符合得较好.     

乙基硫自由基及阴、阳离子低电子激发态从头算研究

采用CASSCF方法和6-311++(3df, 3pd)基组以及Cs对称性优化了乙基硫自由基和阳、阴离子3种分子的12个电子态的几何构型. 利用二级微扰方法(CASPT2)对这12个电子态做了单点能校正. 通过比较自由基与阴阳离子的能量, 得出了绝热电子亲和势和绝热电子电离能, 与实验结果在允许误差范围内基本一致.     

DNA环境中硒代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对的激发态性质和光物理机理的理论研究

应用高精度的多态完全活化自洽场二级微扰理论方法, 在量子力学/分子力学组合方法的理论框架 QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM下, 系统研究了DNA环境中2-硒和4-硒取代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对(2SeT-A和4SeT-A)的最低5个电子态(S₀, S₁, S₂, T₂和T₁)的结构、 性质和光物理过程. QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM计算揭示了DNA环境中2SeT-A和4SeT-A碱基对激发态性质和光物理过程差异性的来源, 提出的机理将有助于理解DNA类似物的光物理过程, 在光动力学治疗中具有潜在的应用.     

NC2S+离子的结构和稳定性的理论研究

在密度泛函和从头算理论水平下计算了单重态的NC2S+离子的结构、能量、光谱以及稳定性. 在B3LYP/6-311G(d)水平下, 得到8个异构体, 它们由15个过渡态相连接. 在CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df)//QCISD/6-311G(d)+ZPVE水平下, 得到能量最低的异构体是直线型的具有1Σ电子态的NCCS+(1)(0.0 kJ/mol), 其次是直线型的异构体CNCS+(2)(54.8 kJ/mol). 两个低能量的异构体1和2及另外一个高能量的直线型异构体CCNS+(3)(323.8 kJ/mol)都具有相当大的动力学稳定性, 这三个异构体在具备一定条件的实验室和星际条件下是可以进行观测的. 分析了这3个异构体的成键性质.     

MRCI及其近似方法下C2分子X1Σ+g, B1Δg和 B′1Σ+g态的势能曲线

运用MRCI及其近似方法计算得到C₂分子X¹Σ⁺_g, B¹Δ_g和B′¹Σ⁺_g 3个电子态的势能曲线, 并以FCI方法为基准, 考察比较各种方法的优缺点. MRCI计算与FCI计算几乎不存在差别, 在FCI计算不现实的情况下, MRCI计算足以作为基准考验其他计算方法. 多种近似方法均能达到化学精度, 并提出一个有效的选择参考组态的方法, 提高MRCI计算效率的同时, 保证计算的精确性.     

多组态二级微扰理论计算CH3O2激发光谱以及CH3O2→CH3＋O2解离反应

在C_s对称性和aug-cc-pVTZ基组水平下, 采用全活化空间自洽场方法(CASSCF)研究了CH₃O₂自由基基态及其阴阳离子的12个低激发态. 为了进一步考虑动态电子相关效应, 采用二级多组态微扰理论(CASPT2)获得更加精确的能量值. 所有计算得到的电子态都是价电子态, 而且所得绝热激发能和电子亲和势与实验值非常接近.在CASPT2//CASSCF理论水平下计算了CH₃O₂从²A"和²A'电子态的CH₃O₂→CH₃＋O₂的解离反应的势能曲线(PECs). 优化得到的裂解产物的几何结构和能量与分别优化CH₃和O₂得到的结果进行比较, 从而确定裂解产物的电子态. 结果表明, 从²A"和²A'电子态的解离反应分别对应产物CH₃(²A")＋O₂(³A")和CH₃(²A")＋O₂(¹A").     

Theoretical investigation of anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide vertical singlet and triplet excitation spectra

The electronic absorption spectrum of anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide (APO) has been investigated by means of multiconfigurational multi-state second order perturbation theory on complete active space self-consistent field wavefunctions (MS-CASPT2/CASSCF) and two single reference methods: time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and coupled cluster of second order (CC2). After testing several active spaces and basis sets, a CAS (14,12) active space together with an ANO-S basis set was found an appropriate choice to describe the vertical singlet and triplet electronic states of APO. Unfortunately, TD-DFT and CC2 methods cannot reproduce the MS-CASPT2 and experimental spectrum. Our MS-CASPT2//CASSCF(14,12)/ANO-S calculations predict a predominant pi*(OO)sigma*(OO) character for the lowest singlet excited state S(1) at 3.85 eV. Accordingly, the lowest singlet state of APO should be responsible for homolysis of the endoperoxide group. The next two absorbing excited states, experimentally proposed to be responsible for singlet oxygen production and therefore connected to the biological interest of APO, have been computed vertically at 4.34 and 4.59 eV and assigned to pi(CC)pi*(CC) and pi*(OO)pi*(CC) transitions, respectively. The vertical triplet electronic spectrum follows the singlet vertical spectrum ordering. The high density of triplet and singlet excited states of different nature within few eV points to the possibility of intersystem crossings between potential energy surfaces of different multiplicity.     

Ab initio investigation on the structures and spectra of the firefly luciferin

The ground state (S0) geometry of the firefly luciferin (LH2) was optimized by both DFT B3LYP and CASSCF methods. The vertical excitation energies (Tv) of three low-lying states (S1, S2, and S3) were calculated by TD-DFT B3LYP//CASSCF method. The S1 geometry was optimized by CASSCF method. Its Tv and the transition energy (Te) were calculated by MS-CASPT2//CASSCF method. Both the TD-DFT and MS-CASPT2 calculated S1 state Tv values agree with the experimental one. The IPEA shift greatly affects the MS-CASPT2 calculated Tv values. Some important excited states of LH2 and oxyluciferin (oxyLH2) are charge-transfer states and have more than one dominant configuration, so for deeply researching the firefly bioluminescence, the multireference calculations are desired.     

A MS-CASPT2 study of the low-lying electronic excited states of CH2BrCl

The low-lying singlet excited states of CH₂BrCl have been calculated using multiconfigurational CASSCF, second-order perturbation theory CASPT2 and its multistate extension MS-CASPT2. The CASSCF method shows spurious valence–Rydberg mixing and a wrong order of states. Inclusion of dynamical correlation by single root CASPT2 lowers dramatically the energy of the valences states but does not lead to a complete separation between valence and Rydberg states. This situation is improved by the MS-CASPT2 calculations, which gives two valence states for both A^′ and A″ symmetries below the lowest Rydberg state, corresponding to n(Br)→σ^*(C–Br) and n(Cl)→σ^*(C–Cl) transitions at 6.1 eV (203 nm) and 7.2 eV (173 nm), and being repulsive along C–Br and C–Cl coordinates.     

The role of Ag(I) ions in the electronic spectroscopy of adenine–cytosine mispairs: A MS-CASPT2 theoretical study

Adenine–cytosine (AC) mispairs have been theoretically studied with MS-CASPT2//CASSCF methods in the presence and absence of Ag ions. The electronically excited states of the most stable AC mispair in the reverse-Wobble (RW) conformation have been compared with those of different Ag(I)–AC complexes, including (i) metalated RW conformations, and (ii) the most stable structures in gas phase which contain the Ag ion bridging A and C. The spectra of these complexes are characterized by charge-transfer (CT) and strong locally excited (LE) states. The metal-to-metal, metal-to-ligand, and Rydberg transitions are very weak in comparison to the nucleobase transitions. Attending to the LE and CT states, and except for the shifts induced by the presence of the Ag, the electronic spectrum of metalated AC mispairs resembles the one of the RW, showing two intense LE bands around 4.5 and 5.5 eV, corresponding to transitions within the adenine and cytosine π-system, respectively. Additionally TD-DFT results obtained with the B3LYP functional are compared with MS-CASPT2//CASSCF calculations. The results clearly evidence the weakness of TD-DFT to describe long range exchange interactions leading to strongly underestimated CT states.     

On the location of conical intersections in CH2BrCl using MS-CASPT2 methods

Multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory has been employed to calculate two-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the lowest low-lying singlet electronic states of CH2BrCl as a function of the two carbon-halogen bonds. The photochemistry of the system is controlled by a nonadiabatic crossing occurring between the A and B bands, attributed to the b1A' and c1A' states, which are found almost degenerate and forming a near-degeneracy line of almost equidistant C-Br and C-Cl bonds. A crossing point in the near-degeneracy line is identified as a conical intersection in this reduced two-dimensional space. The positions of the conical intersection located at CASSCF, single-state (SS)-CASPT2, and multistate (MS)-CASPT2 levels of theory are compared, also paying attention to the nonorthogonality problem of perturbative approaches. To validate the presence of the conical intersection versus an avoided crossing, the geometrical phase effect has been checked using the multiconfigurational MS-CASPT2 wave function.     

Low-lying electronic states of HNCS and its ions: a CASSCF/CASPT2 study

Complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) and multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations in conjunction with the ANO-L basis set were performed to investigate systematically the low-lying electronic states of HNCS and its ions in C _s symmetry. Our highly accurate calculation indicated that theoretically determined geometric parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies for the ground-state X ¹A′ are in good agreement with observed experimental data. The geometry of triplet HNCS is clearly favored C ₁ symmetry, and the relative energy is predicted to be 3.000 eV (69.2 kcal/mol). The vertical transition energies for the selected excited states of HNCS were calculated at CASSCF/CASPT2/ANO-L level of theory based on CASSCF optimized geometry. Except for a few linear states of X ²Π (1²A′, 1²A″), 1⁴Σ⁻ (1⁴A″), and 1²Σ⁺ (3²A′) states of HNCS⁺, our results confirmed that the majority of excited states are twisted trans-bend structures. The existence of bound excited anion states has been found for the first time in HNCS⁻. A more elaborate examination of ionization potential of HNCS (AIP, VIP) than previous reports has been presented.     

Theoretical study of low-lying triplet states of aniline

Multireference complete active space self-consistent-field CASSCF(10,12)/ANO and second-order perturbation theory MS-CASPT2 calculations were performed to determine the vertical low-lying singlet and triplet states of aniline. The sequence of the seven lower lying triplet states is T1(1(3)A'), T2(1(3)A' '), T3(2(3)A'), T4(3(3)A'), T5(2(3)A' '), T6(4(3)A'), and T7(3(3)A' '). The 3(3)A', 4(3)A', and 3(3)A' ' states are assigned as 3s, 3py, and 3pz Rydberg states, respectively, while other states correspond to pi <-- pi excitations. Both the T1 and T2 states are found to be below at the lowest-lying singlet S1 (1(1)A' ') state. Geometry, vibrational modes, and electron distribution of the lowest lying T1 state were determined using UB3LYP calculations. The vertical and adiabatic singlet-triplet energy gaps DeltaE(S0-T1) amount to 3.7 and 3.5 +/- 0.2 eV, respectively. In clear contrast with the S0 state, the triplet aniline is no longer aromatic, and its protonation occurs preferentially at the ring meta-carbon site, with a proton affinity PA = 243 +/- 3 kcal/mol.     

Theoretical studies on the low-lying electronic states of the HSO neutral radical and its cation

Using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method with large atomic natural orbital (ANO-L) basis set, four electronic states of the HSO neutral radical are optimized. The vertical transitions of the HSO neutral radical are investigated by using the same method under the basis set of ANO-L functions augmented with a series of adapted 1s1p1d Rydberg functions, through which eight valence states and eight Rydberg states are probed. Ionic states of the HSO neutral radical are extensively studied in both cases of the adiabatic and vertical ionization, from which the relatively complete understanding of ionization energies is given. To include further correlation effects, the second-order perturbation method (CASPT2) is implemented, and the comparison between CASSCF and CASPT2 methods is performed.