基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器

针对基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的特性展开了研究,仿真分析了三路信号的直流分项、交流分项以及相位差对双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器输出性能的影响。采用对比法,并通过实验研究了基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的输出特性,实现了灵敏度为193 mV/Pa@1 kHz、频率响应为200 Hz～4 kHz@±3 dB的声信号测量。本研究能够很好地应用于声探测、语音识别等领域。     

高灵敏度光纤应变传感器

提出一种基于锥形光纤和光纤F-P腔组合结构的光纤应变传感器。该传感器包含单模光纤拉锥形成的锥区和石英毛细管构建的F-P腔2个应变敏感区域。理论分析了光波在该传感器中的传播过程,获得了该传感器的光强传输函数。由于锥形光纤中激发出的包层高阶模参与干涉,导致传感器干涉光谱具有调制特性。实验获得了该传感器的干涉光谱,通过分析谐振波长偏移或消光比变化对应变实现独立测量,在0~500 με的测量范围内,该传感器的应变灵敏度为14.6 pm/με。利用锥形光纤引发的模式干涉和F-P腔的双光束干涉效应共同作用形成受调制的干涉谱型进行应变传感,应变灵敏度高,同时具备2种独立的应变检测手段(谐振波长和消光比检测)。     

一种基于反馈环的全光纤干涉型传声器

设计了一种基于光纤反馈环的全光纤干涉型传声器，它直接利用声压作用于光纤时产生的光弹效应对光相位进行调制，并通过3×3耦合器构建的反馈环结构形成干涉效应，从而使得输出光信号经光电转换和放大后可以直接驱动扬声器还原出原输入语音信号。我们从理论和实验上对这种全光纤传声器进行了研究，在该传声器的重要参数测量方面均取得了较好的效果。     

基于Vernier效应的法布里-珀罗传感器增敏方法

设计了一种分离型光纤传感增敏结构,并联连接两个腔长相近的法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔。理论分析了此结构的增敏原理并制备了两组增敏结构。实验结果表明,增敏结构的压强灵敏度值由单F-P结构的4.85 nm/MPa提高到43.95 nm/MPa,温度灵敏度由单F-P腔的0.0675 nm/℃提高至0.40364 nm/℃,在相同温度下采用双腔结构可消除温度交叉敏感对测量结果的影响。此结构克服了集成式增敏结构的缺陷,在不影响原传感器结构的情况下提高了灵敏度,且可通过更换辅助腔来调节灵敏度,具有移植性好和交叉敏感小等优势。     

微型非本征光纤法布里-珀罗压力传感器

设计并研制了一种新的微型非本征光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)压力传感器。传感器采用普通的商用单模光纤和多模光纤制作。全石英结构,能长期使用,且稳定性好。传感器制作过程仅通过切割光纤、腐蚀光纤和光纤熔接实现,基于F-P多光束干涉原理测量压力。分析了F-P腔的直径、膜厚与灵敏度的关系,确定了传感器的膜厚和腔深等参量,设计了传感器的加工步骤,讨论了氢氟酸腐蚀多模光纤与熔接光纤的关键技术。用单峰谱峰波长法解调出传感器的腔长。建立了实验解调系统,实验结果表明,在0~0.1 MPa范围内,传感器线性好。     

基于激光微加工的新型光纤法布里-珀罗折射率传感器

提出了一种新型的光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)折射率传感器,该传感器由单模光纤头端面和靠近该端面的由157 nm激光加工而成的短空气腔构成.短空气腔两个端面的反射光和光纤头端面的反射光发生干涉形成了传感器的反射谱干涉条纹.干涉条纹的对比度受光纤头端面外部的折射率影响,在干涉条纹包络的波谷处具有最大的对比度,外部待测折射率可通过计算该处的对比度得到.传感器对温度不敏感同,测量范围广.在1.33至1.441范围内,折射率灵敏度约为27 dB,分辨率约为1.12X10-4;在1.45～1.62范围内.折射率灵敏度约为24 dB,分辨率约为1.26×10-4.     

用于光纤法布里-珀罗传感器腔长互相关解调的光楔的数学模型研究

光楔是实现光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)传感器互相关解调的重要光学元件.根据互相关解调的原理分析了造成光楔和光纤F-P传感器F-P腔的反射光相位不同的因素,进而建立了光楔的干涉光强的数学模型,在此基础上对具有不同反射率的光楔的干涉光强进行了数值仿真,和相同反射率的光纤F-P传感器F-P腔的干涉光强对比之后建立了光楔的简化数...     

带微通道的新型光纤法布里-珀罗折射率传感器

报道了一种新型结构的光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)折射率传感器。使用腐蚀工艺在切割好的掺铒光纤端面制作一个封闭的微槽,然后与一段单模光纤熔接形成封闭的F-P腔。腐蚀产生的微槽底部是一个凹谷,靠近凹谷切割并研磨产生一个微通道,同时光束也能够返回并不损坏F-P干涉仪,利用毛细作用液体可进入F-P腔。根据F-P干涉原理,传感头反射光谱的波谷波长与腔内折射率成线性关系。实验表明当折射率在1.3333～1.3899内变化时,线性度为0.9996,灵敏度为1068 nm/RIU(refractive index unit)。该传感器为全光纤结构,具有体积小、结构稳定、精度高、耐腐蚀等特点,适用于液体和气体折射率的微型化测量。     

基于光纤光栅的应变与温度分离技术的研究

理论分析了光纤光栅交叉敏感的物理机制,重点研究了基于双波长矩阵法和双参量矩阵法的应变与温度分离技术。提出了一种基于双参量矩阵法的应变与温度测量系统,该系统传感头由FBG和非本征型F-P干涉腔(EF-PI)构成,其中FBG对应变敏感,EFPI测温精度高。     

基于空芯光纤的集成式全光纤法-珀干涉式湿度传感器

利用空芯光纤制作的法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Pérot,F-P)干涉传感器具有较低的温度敏感性,由于传感器干涉光光程差与空芯光纤制作的F-P干涉腔腔内介质折射率有直接依赖关系,提出在空芯F-P干涉传感器的腔内填充一种具有较强吸水性的新型纳米复合水凝胶从而构成一种温度低敏感的微型湿度计。当水凝胶通过吸收空气中的水蒸汽而使自身的折射率发生变化时,就会导致F-P腔干涉光的光程差发生变化,通过检测这一光程差的变化就可实现对环境相对湿度的测量。实验结果表明,填充自制的水凝胶,在38%～98%的相对湿度变化范围内,传感器的光程差从608.7180μm变化到了604.0488μm,在水凝胶折射率变化范围内,其光程差与相对湿度的灵敏度为77.82nm/(1%)。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.