煤燃烧中汞与氟化氢的反应机理研究

应用量子化学理论的不同方法和基组分别计算汞/氟体系中分子的几何结构、振动频率和反应焓变,并与美国国家标准技术局的实验数据相比较,以验证量子化学计算所用的理论水平和基组的有效性。在此基础上,应用量子化学从头计算研究了煤燃烧过程中汞与氟化氢的反应机理,优化得到反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型,计算活化能,应用过渡态理论计算反应速率常数。计算得到的有关动力学参数为深入研究煤燃烧过程中汞的动力学模型提供了依据。     

煤燃烧中HgCl转化为HgCl_2的反应机理研究

本文用量子化学从头计算MP2/SDD方法研究了煤燃烧过程中间产物HgCl与HCl、Cl2的反应机理,优化得到反应途径上的反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型。用QCISD(T)方法计算能量,同时进行零点能校正,并以此能量计算活化能,同时计算反应热效应及熵变,采用经典过渡态理论得到反应速率常数。计算所得的反应速率常数与文献值吻合较好。     

Cr/O2/Ar体系反应机理的量子化学研究

本文用量子化学从头计算法研究了Cr/O2/Ar气相体系所发生的两个反应的机理.在MP2/SDD水平上优化了反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型.在同一水平上计算了能量,同时进行零点能校正,并且计算出反应的热效应、熵变、活化能和绝对速率常数,并与文献数据进行了比较.计算结果与文献数据比较吻合,表明量子化学计算是研究铬等痕量元素气相反应机理和计算热力学及动力学参数的一种有效手段.     

Pb氯化反应机理的量子化学研究

本文用量子化学从头计算MP2方法,在SDD基组水平上研究了煤燃烧过程中Pb与HCl、 Cl2在高温条件下两个反应的微观机理,通过优化得到反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型。在同一水平上计算能量,同时进行零点能校正,并以此能量计算活化能和反应热效应。采用经典过渡态理论计算反应速率常数。计算结果与相关文献进行了比较,结果比较吻合,表明采用量子化学研究铅等痕量元素与气体反应的机理和动力学参数、热力学参数是可行的。     

铬焚烧中CrO_3 H_2CrO_2 H_2O反应机理研究

本文从量子化学角度研究了在含铬物质焚烧的反应中CrO3 H2(?)CrO2 H2O反应机理。通过Gaussian 98软件计算,优化得到各反应物质的几何结构以及体系的内部反应路径,得出该反应体系为两步反应:首先由CrO3 H2经过一个过渡态生成中间体HCrO3 H,然后由中间体HCrO3 H经过一个过渡态生成CrO2 H2O。通过反应物和产物的活化能比较,得出该反应体系更易于正向反应发生。     

气相乙酸酐热分解反应机理及速率常数的理论研究

采用量子化学半经验ＡＭ１和从头算（ＨＦ／６－３１Ｇ（ｄ,ｐ））方法研究了气相乙酸酐热分解反应的反应机理。该反应经过一个六员环过渡态按照协同机理而形成产物。采用ＭＰ２方法计算的活化位垒为１８０ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。在微正则系综过渡态理论的基础上计算了该反应的速率常数,计算结果与实验值可很好的吻合。     

铬焚烧中CrO3+H2(←→)CrO2+H2O反应机理研究

本文从量子化学角度研究了在含铬物质焚烧的反应中CrO3+H2(←→)CrO2+H2O反应机理.通过Gaussian 98软件计算,优化得到各反应物质的几何结构以及体系的内部反应路径,得出该反应体系为两步反应:首先由CrO3+H2经过一个过渡态生成中间体HCrO3+H,然后由中间体HCrO3+H经过一个过渡态生成CrO2+H2O.通过反应物和产物的活化能比较,得出该反应体系更易于正向反应发生.     

含铬废物焚烧中CrOH+H→CrO+H2反应机理研究

本文用量子化学密度泛函UB3LYP方法,在6-311 G**基组水平上研究了含铬固体废物焚烧过程中CrOH H→CrO H2的微观反应机理。在相同理论水平上用内禀反应坐标理论(IRC)对最小能量途径进行计算,并进行了详细的讨论。分别计算了正、逆反应的活化能。采用经典过渡态理论计算了正、逆反应的反应速率常数。     

卤素改性活性炭氧化单质汞的机理研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论中B3LYP方法,研究了单质汞在卤素改性活性炭表面的氧化反应机理。选定七环锯齿形苯环簇为活性炭表面模型,设计了两种卤素改性活性炭模型X-AC和X-AC-X(X=Cl、Br、I)。通过得到氧化反应过程的过渡态,明确了氧化反应过程,并计算单质汞在改性活性炭表面的吸附能和氧化反应的能垒。研究结果表明:单质汞在负载三种不同卤素原子活性炭表面的吸附能的大小顺序均为:ClBrI,且从吸附强度角度分析,氯改性活性炭表面对单质汞的吸附最稳定。单质汞在负载三种不同卤素原子活性炭表面发生氧化反应的能垒大小顺序均为:ClBrI,且从反应发生难易角度分析,碘改性活性炭表面对单质汞的氧化反应最容易发生。单质汞在改性活性炭表面氧化反应的难易顺序可以正确解释改性活性炭脱除单质汞的实验现象。研究单质汞在改性活性炭表面氧化反应过程中的能垒,对于正确全面揭示改性活性炭脱除单质汞机理至关重要。     

燃烧烟气汞反应的量子化学计算方法研究

应用量子化学理论的不同方法和典型ECP基组分别计算含汞燃烧烟气中分子的几何结构和反应的焓变及熵变,并与美国国家标准技术局的实验数据相比较,以验证量子化学计算所用的理论水平和基组的有效性.结果表明QCISD方法/Stevens基组的组合最好,其次为B3PW91方法/Stevens基组、B3LYP方法/Stuttgart RSC1997基组.研究结果为进一步应用量子化学方法计算汞相关反应的动力学参数奠定基础.     

Mercury speciation in air-coal and oxy-coal combustion: A modelling approach

In this study, a mechanism for mercury chlorination in flue gases resulting from the combustion of pulverised coal has been presented. Arrhenius parameters of the gas-phase elementary reactions in the Hg–Cl sub-mechanism have been updated and are mainly based on recent experimental and quantum mechanical rate determinations. The mechanism is validated by comparison to accurate experimental data that is unbiased by Hg oxidation in the impinger solutions of aqueous chemistry methods. Solid-phase retention of Hg⁰ has been studied in parallel to char combustion; the heterogeneous model describes condensation of mercury on fly ash particles. The combined homogeneous–heterogeneous model predictions show comparable trends to those of power plant data. This approach aims to provide an improved prediction of mercury speciation from coal-fired power plants and to shed light on the chemical kinetic changes encountered during oxy-coal operation.     

未燃尽炭表面吸附汞的机理研究

本文应用量子化学密度泛函理论B3PW91方法,在lanl2dz基组水平上研究了飞灰中未燃尽炭表面对汞的微观吸附机理.建立了表征未燃尽炭的饱和簇模型,讨论了该簇模型在不同的情况下对汞的吸附作用,计算得出吸附能,并做出了相关的实验解释.结果表明量子化学的理论计算是揭示汞等痕量元素的吸附机理以及筛选合适吸附剂的一种有效方法.     

Numerical study of premixed HCCI engine combustion and its sensitivity to computational mesh and model uncertainties

This study used a numerical model to investigate the combustion process in a premixed iso-octane homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The engine was a supercharged Cummins C engine operated under HCCI conditions. The CHEMKIN code was implemented into an updated KIVA-3V code so that the combustion could be modelled using detailed chemistry in the context of engine CFD simulations. The model was able to accurately simulate the ignition timing and combustion phasing for various engine conditions. The unburned hydrocarbon emissions were also well predicted while the carbon monoxide emissions were under predicted. Model results showed that the majority of unburned hydrocarbon is located in the piston-ring crevice region and the carbon monoxide resides in the vicinity of the cylinder walls. A sensitivity study of the computational grid resolution indicated that the combustion predictions were relatively insensitive to the grid density. However, the piston-ring crevice region needed to be simulated with high resolution to obtain accurate emissions predictions. The model results also indicated that HCCI combustion and emissions are very sensitive to the initial mixture temperature. The computations also show that the carbon monoxide emissions prediction can be significantly improved by modifying a key oxidation reaction rate constant.     

进气中CO2浓度对预混合燃烧和排放影响的试验和模拟研究

本文研究了进气中CO2浓度对燃烧和排放特性的影响.研究表明在所有的预混合燃料比下,当CO2浓度增加时,NOx排放随之大幅减少,烟度排放有小的变化。利用KIVA3V和湍流与化学反应交互的燃烧模型对柴油机预混合燃烧进行了模拟研究,对缸内OH浓度的模拟计算表明,随着CO2浓度的增加,着火前期OH生成浓度明显向后推移,这表明燃料的氧化速率随CO2浓度的增加变慢,从而延长了着火滞燃期。进气中CO2浓度变大时,燃烧温度降低,有利于降低NOx的排放。     

Alkali metal emissions in an early-stage pulverized-coal flame: DNS analysis of reacting layers and chemistry tabulation

The intricate coupling between coal pyrolysis, gas phase combustion and the emissions of alkali metal, such as sodium, is studied in the early stage of a temporally evolving three-dimensional planar turbulent jet carrying pulverized-coal particles. Complex chemistry is used to account for both the combustion of volatile hydrocarbons and the sodium containing species. The response of the sodium chemistry is analyzed in the mixture fraction space, along with the topology of the reactions zones. Combustion is found to start preferentially in partially premixed flames, which then evolve toward diffusion-like reactive layers and reach chemical equilibrium. From the direct numerical simulation (DNS) database, the possibility of modeling the dynamics of sodium species using one-dimensional premixed flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) is investigated. A chemical lookup table is constructed for the combustion of the partially premixed volatiles and an additional three-dimensional simulation is performed to compare the tabulated sodium species against their reference counterparts with complex chemistry. Quantitative analysis of the performance of the developed chemistry tabulation confirms the validity of the approach. Perspectives for the modeling of sodium emissions in pulverized-coal furnaces and boilers are finally drawn.