基于磁悬浮大体积交叉光学偶极阱的Dimple光阱装载研究

三维拉曼边带冷却后的铯原子样品装载于一个磁悬浮的大体积交叉光学偶极阱中, 继续加载一个小体积的光学偶极阱后, 实现了Dimple光学偶极阱对铯原子的高效装载. 对不同磁场下磁悬浮大体积光阱的有效装载势能进行理论分析与实验测量, 得出最优化的梯度磁场和均匀偏置磁场, 获得了基于磁悬浮大体积光阱的Dimple光学偶极阱的装载势能曲线, 实现了Dimple光学偶极阱对经拉曼边带冷却后俘获在磁悬浮的大体积光阱中的铯原子样品的有效装载. 比较了Dimple光学偶极阱分别从拉曼边带冷却、大体积的交叉光阱和消除反俘获势后的磁悬浮大体积光阱装载的结果, 将俘获在磁悬浮大体积光阱中的铯原子样品装载到Dimple光学偶极阱, 铯原子样品的密度提高了约15倍.     

Effect of external magnetic field on the shift of resonant frequency in photoassociation of ultracold Cs atoms

We study the influence of external magnetic field on the shift of the resonant frequency in the photoassociation of ultracold Cs atoms, which are captured in a magnetically levitated optical crossed dipole trap. With the increase of the photoassociation laser intensity, the linear variation of the frequency shift is measured by recording the photoassociation spectra of the long-range 0_u~+ state of Cs molecule below the 6S_(1/2)+ 6P_(1/2) dissociation limit at different magnetic fields.The slope of the frequency shift to the intensity of the photoassociation laser exhibits a strong dependence on the external magnetic field. The experimental data is simulated with an analytic theory model, in which a single channel rectangular potential with the tunable well depth is introduced to acquire the influence of the magnetic field on the atomic behavior in the effective range where photoassociation occurs.     

Analytic solutions to Maxwell–London equations and levitation force for a general magnetic source in the presence of a long type-II superconducting cylinder

The interaction between a general magnetic source and a long type-II superconducting cylinder in the Meissner or mixed state is studied within the London theory. We first study the Meissner state and solve the Maxwell–London equations when the source is a magnetic monopole located at an arbitrary position. Then the field and supercurrent for a more complicated magnetic charge distribution can be obtained by superposition. A magnetic point dipole with arbitrary direction is studied in detail. It turns out that the levitation force on the dipole contains in general an angular as well as a radial component. By integration we obtain the field and supercurrent when the source is a two-dimensional monopole (a magnetically charged long thread along the axial direction), from which the results for a two-dimensional point dipole easily follow. In the latter case the levitation force points in the radial direction regardless of the orientation of the dipole. The case for a current carrying long straight wire parallel to the cylindrical axis is solved separately. The limit of ideal Meissner state is discussed in most cases. The case of mixed state is discussed briefly. It turns out that vortex lines along the axial direction and vortex rings concentric with the cylinder have no effect outside the cylinder and the levitation forces remain the same as in the case of the Meissner state.     

抗磁性物质磁悬浮可行性分析及实现

从理论和实验上说明石墨、铜等抗磁性的"非磁"物质在磁场中也受到磁场的作用力.实验中尝试了各种不同类型的永磁体序列,并利用4块一组的永磁铁序列产生梯度场,使磁铁表面上方产生可供抗磁性物质悬浮的稳定区域,成功实现了石墨的悬浮.此外,还利用顺磁性溶液及电磁铁实现了氧化铝和硅的悬浮.     

Levitation force relaxation under reloading in a HTS Maglev system

The loading capacity of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev vehicle is an important parameter in the practical application. It is closely related to the levitation force of the HTS bulk. Many papers reported that the levitation force showed the relaxation characteristic. Because different loads cause different levitation gaps and different applied magnetic fields, the levitation force relaxations under the different loads are not the same. In terms of cylindrical YBCO bulk levitated over the permanent magnetic guideway, the relationship between the levitation force relaxation and the reloading is investigated experimentally in this paper. The decrement, the decrement rate and the relaxation rate of the levitation force are calculated, respectively. This work might be helpful for studying the loading capacity of the HTS Maglev vehicle.     

Optical levitation and manipulation of stuck particles with pulsed optical tweezers

We report on optical levitation and manipulation of microscopic particles that are stuck on a glass surface with pulsed optical tweezers. An infrared pulse laser at 1.06 microm was used to generate a large gradient force (up to 10(-9) N) within a short duration (approximately 45 micros) that overcomes the adhesive interaction between the particles and the glass surface. Then a low-power continuous-wave diode laser at 785 nm was used to capture and manipulate the levitated particle. We have demonstrated that both stuck dielectric and biological micrometer-sized particles, including polystyrene beads, yeast cells, and Bacillus cereus bacteria, can be levitated and manipulated with this technique. We measured the single-pulse levitation efficiency for 2.0 microm polystyrene beads as a function of the pulse energy and of the axial displacement from the stuck particle to the pulsed laser focus, which was as high as 88%.     

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION PROCESSING

Electromagnetic levitation has developed from a pure physical phenomenon into a practical containerless processing technique in the fields of both applied physics and materials science. In order to obtain a better understanding of this processing technique, two typical levitation coils were designed and the physical characteristics in levitation droplets suspended in these two coils, such as electromangetic field, levitation force field, total levitation force, and power absorption, were analyzed numerically and calculated in this paper. It was found that the eddy current density, together with the magnetic flux density and levitation force density, increases rapidly with radius as it approaches sample surface. The maximum levitation force produced by coil A is larger than that of coil B, whereas the levitated sample can obtain less power absorption at the equilibrium position in the former coil than that in the latter one. Moreover, the calculated results also demonstrated that the levitation ability decreases as the atomic number increases. The larger the material's electrical resistivity, the easier the samples can obtain more power absorption.     

Neutral atom quantum register

We demonstrate the realization of a quantum register using a string of single neutral atoms which are trapped in an optical dipole trap. The atoms are selectively and coherently manipulated in a magnetic field gradient using microwave radiation. Our addressing scheme operates with a high spatial resolution, and qubit rotations on individual atoms are performed with 99% contrast. In a final readout operation we analyze each individual atomic state. Finally, we have measured the coherence time and identified the predominant dephasing mechanism for our register.     

Holding characteristics of planar objects suspended by near-field acoustic levitation

The authors have found the acoustic levitation phenomenon where planar objects of 10 kg weight can be levitated near a vibration surface. This phenomenon has been studied for non-contact transportation. A circular planar object can be suspended without contacting a circular vibration plate. We have studied the holding force which acts horizontally on the levitated objects. The horizontal position of the object is stabilized by this force. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the radius of a levitated object, levitation distance, displacement amplitude of the vibration plate and the vibration mode on the suspending force.     

Single-axis ultrasound levitation system with annular clamping forces

Based on the principle of acoustic levitation,a single-axis ultrasonic levitation system(SAULS) with convex sides was designed.A normal SAULS only provides a levitation force(LF) against the gravity of the sample.While,such systems also provide an annular clamping force(ACF) surrounding the levitated samples,and improve levitation stability of samples in the standing wave field.Using the finite-difference time-domain method,we investigated the force distributions in different resonance cavities and the factors that influence the magnitude of the levitation force in optimizing the SAULS and the ACF.The theoretical analyses and experimental results indicate that the stability of levitation in this special SAULS is improved with the ACF from its designed convex-side feature.It can be developed into a simple device in levitating and moving samples steadily in related experiments and applications.     

Observation of lasing mediated by collective atomic recoil

We observe the buildup of a frequency-shifted reverse light field in a unidirectionally pumped high-Q optical ring cavity serving as a dipole trap for cold atoms. This effect is enhanced and a steady state is reached, if via an optical molasses an additional friction force is applied to the atoms. We observe the displacement of the atoms accelerated by momentum transfer in the backscattering process and interpret our observations in terms of the collective atomic recoil laser. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Optical levitation of absorbing particles with a nominally Gaussian laser beam

We use a Gaussian laser beam to study the levitation of absorbing Mie particles. Several metal oxide particles are stably levitated, and their movement over time is recorded. Our studies show that the position of each particle is highly dependent on the other particles' locations. The observations are explained by the phenomenon of thermal creep. The increased local pressure that is due to a temperature gradient along the particle's surface induces levitation. The particles rest close to minima in the intensity distribution near the optical axis. An experiment is suggested that can be used to locate these minima in a laser beam.     

ICF用磁性玻璃靶丸悬浮磁场的确定及材料制备初步研究

 根据靶丸悬浮原理,推导出ICF用磁性靶丸在悬浮磁场中受力的函数关系式,从而得到了靶丸悬浮的理论模型。通过实验和理论相结合的方法,得出当靶丸中磁性材料掺入质量百分比由1%增加到6%时,靶丸的磁场强度由0.09 mT增加到0.44 mT,而对应的外界悬浮磁场由0.93 mT减小到0.23 mT。     

Collisional blockade in microscopic optical dipole traps

We analyze the operating regimes of a very small optical dipole trap, loaded from a magneto-optical trap, as a function of the atom loading rate, i.e., the number of atoms per second entering the dipole trap. We show that, when the dipole trap volume is small enough, a "collisional blockade" mechanism locks the average number of trapped atoms on the value 0.5 over a large range of loading rates. We also discuss the "weak loading" and "strong loading" regimes outside the blockade range, and we demonstrate experimentally the existence of these three regimes.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb in a levitated crossed dipole trap

We report an apparatus and method capable of producing Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of ～1 × 10^{6 87}Rb atoms, and ultimately designed for sympathetic cooling of ¹³³Cs and the creation of ultracold RbCs molecules. The method combines several elements: (i) the large recapture of a magnetic quadrupole trap from a magneto-optical trap; (ii) efficient forced RF evaporation in such a magnetic trap; (iii) the gain in phase-space density obtained when loading the magnetically trapped atoms into a far red-detuned optical dipole trap, and (iv) efficient evaporation to BEC within the dipole trap. We demonstrate that the system is capable of sympathetically cooling the |F = 1, m _F = ?1〉 and |1,0? sublevels with |1, +1〉 atoms. Finally we discuss the applicability of the method to sympathetic cooling of ¹³³Cs with ⁸⁷Rb.     

Atomic beam focusing by a near-field atomic microlens

Atomic beam focusing by an atomic microlens formed by the optical field diffracted from a circular aperture in a metallic screen is considered for an aperture diameter smaller than the wavelength of the field. Analytic expressions are derived for the dipole gradient force acting on an atom in the field of diffracted radiation. It is shown that the action of the gradient force makes it possible to focus the atomic beam into a spot with a diameter on the order of a few nanometers. Numerical estimates are obtained for the focusing properties of the atomic microlens in the model describing the dipole interaction of Rb atoms with laser radiation in the vicinity of the D line.     

NdFeB永磁体下YBaCuO块材在交流磁扰动中的悬浮力磁滞特性

研究了交流磁扰动对高温超导块材和永磁体之间悬浮力的影响。实验分析了在零场冷(ZFC)条件下,不同频率的交流磁场扰动下的悬浮力曲线;另外还研究了交流磁扰动在永磁体下降和上升过程中对悬浮力的影响,发现上升过程中悬浮力受交流磁场影响较大,而在下降过程中影响则较为不明显,同时随着交流磁场幅值的增大,悬浮力的滞回曲线逐渐加宽。说明交流磁场导致了超导块磁滞损耗的增加,对超导磁浮特性的研究具有理论意义。     

用于磁压剪技术的10 T准静态磁场发生器

基于理论分析和数值模拟,建立了一种用于磁驱动压剪加载中产生纯剪切力的准静态磁场发生器,由4台0.5 mF/15 kV的储能电容器并联而成,通过15 kV/30 kA的半导体硅堆开关,向一对磁体线圈放电,进行模拟分析和实验测试。装置在充电9 kV时,在样品区域获得了上升时间1.34 ms的10 T准静态磁场。测试和分析结果表明在半径7 mm区域内磁场分布不均匀性小于2%,满足磁压剪实验要求。     

一种超导重力仪磁悬浮力的等效计算

为实现超导重力仪磁悬浮力的精确计算,以GWR型超导重力仪为模型基础,采用有限元的思想,将超导球表面电流理想化为多个等高共轴电流环,计算出各个电流环与超导线圈的作用力,求和得到线圈与超导球间的磁悬浮力。利用MATLAB完成计算程序实现,通过改变下线圈电流和上、下线圈电流比,获得满足一定条件的磁悬浮力及其梯度。选取合适的模型参数,计算出线圈对质量为m=4.069 g超导球的磁悬浮力大小为:Ftotal=3.988×10^-2N,磁悬浮力梯度为:-9.699×10^-3N/m,此时悬浮力梯度合适,满足系统稳定性和灵敏度的要求。     

预载条件下Y-Ba-Cu-O块材的悬浮力弛豫特性

文中以实验技术为手段,研究了不同工况下预载抑制悬浮力弛豫衰减的作用规律.实验以Halbach永磁轨道和三籽晶方形Y -Ba-Cu-O块材组成的系统为主要研究对象,通过改变块材的场冷方式、工作高度、预载高度等,研究这些因素对块材悬浮力弛豫的影响规律.选取30mm场冷高度、15mm工作高度,改变永磁轨道和块材,研究了轨道磁...