氮中多元标准混合气体的制备

研究用重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体，对其制备原理、制备装置、气体称量装置，制备过程以及组分气体纯度的分析方法进行了介绍。分析了重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体定值不确定度的来源，其定值的扩展不确定度小于3％。     

低浓度氮中二氧化硫气体标准物质的制备

以二氧化硫纯度标准物质和高纯氮气为原料,采用与一级标准物质比较法制备了摩尔分数为10~100μmol/mol的氮中二氧化硫标准物质。用二氧化硫分析仪对配制的标准物质进行了机械混匀试验、压力均匀性和时间稳定性试验。结果表明,滚动30~80 min后该标准物质机械混匀良好;经F检验,在10~0.5 MPa范围内该标准物质量随压力变化无显著差异,具有较好的压力均匀性;在–20℃和40℃条件下保存7 d,其量值无显著变化,可满足运输环节量值稳定性要求;在常温下贮存11个月,量值无显著性变化,满足国家二级标准物质稳定性要求。采用与一级标准物质比较法定值,并对定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。研制的低浓度氮中二氧化硫气体标准物质的标准值分别为9.89,55.4,101.2μmol/mol(U_(rel)=2%,k=2),该标准物质满足国家二级标准物质的相关技术要求,可用于仪器校准、测量过程质量控制及分析方法的确认和评价。     

氦气分析用杂质成分气体标准物质研制

采用称量法研制了氦气中微量氖、氢、氧、氮、甲烷、二氧化碳和一氧化碳7种杂质成分气体标准物质,介绍了称量法制备技术、稀释气中相关杂质的定量等过程,并分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的气体标准物质进行了均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的氦气分析用杂质成分气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,气体标准物质定值结果为10μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为1%(k=2)。     

电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备了电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用气体标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行了均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,标准物质定值结果为5 000μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为1%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于电力部门变压器油中溶解气体的分析及测试。     

氮中低含量一氧化碳气体标准物质的定值方法

介绍氮中低含量CO气体标准物质定值的方法，对气体滤光相关分析法进行了探讨，给出了该方法的实验务件和精密度。将气体滤光相关分析法的测量值与重量法配制值、气相色谱法分析值进行了比对。气体滤光相关分析法重现性好，分析结果准确、可靠，     

甲烷中微量噻吩气体标准物质研制

研制了甲烷中噻吩气体标准物质。以高纯噻吩、高纯甲烷为原材料，包装容器为4 L内壁经抛光处理的铝合金瓶，通过微量转移与常规相结合的方法完成了甲烷中微量噻吩气体标准物质制备。利用气相色谱法对标准物质进行了均匀性检验及稳定性考察。F检验和回归曲线法实验结果表明，该气体标准物质在压力为0.5～10 MPa范围内，均匀性良好，在常温条件下保存12个月稳定。采用称量法对该气体标准物质进行了定值，并对定值、均匀性和稳定性引入的不确定度进行了评定，该系列甲烷中微量噻吩气体标准物质标称摩尔分数为1.00～10.0μmol/mol，定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)。     

氮中二氧化氮气体标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备并计算定值,研制(10～5000)μmol.mol-1氮中二氧化氮气体标准物质。考察了气体标准物质随贮存时间和钢瓶压力变化的稳定性,将制备的气体标准物质与GBW 08180进行比对验证,结果表明研制的气体标准物质定值的扩展不确定度优于3%(k=3),有效期限为12个月。     

空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,定值结果分别为10,500μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于偏二甲肼报警器的检定或校准。     

二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质研制

研制二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质。以高纯二氧化碳和一氧化氮气体标准物质为原料,采用称量法制备二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质,用气体分析仪对制备的标准物质浓度进行检测,并对该标准物质定值结果的不确定度进行评定。研制的二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质中一氧化氮的浓度为5,25,50 μmol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为3.0% (k=2)。该气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,可用于食品级二氧化碳分析方法的确认和评价。     

氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的研制

建立了制备氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的方法。以称量法制备气体标准物质并计算定值,采用气相色谱法对制备的气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性进行考察。将所制备的标准物质与中国计量院提供的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质进行比对分析验证,确保了气体标准物质量值的准确可靠。结果表明,所研制的浓度为10μL/L的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质定值的扩展不确定度为2%,贮存有效期为1年,完全能够满足电力部门仪表的检定与校准要求。     

动态配气法制备氮气中乙醇扩散管气体标准物质

用动态配气装置配制体积分数为10^-6的氮气中乙醇扩散管气体标准物质，其量值不确定度为2%-3%。与静态容量法配制的乙醇气体标准物质进行比对，结果的相对误差为3.5%-4.0%。     

Isotopenh?ufigkeitsanalyse von Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Schwefel mittels Ger?tekopplung Elementaranalysator-Massenspektrometer

Summary Stable isotope ratio measurements of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur are of growing interest as analytical tool in many fields of research, but applications were somewhat hindered in the past by the fact that cumbersome sample preparation was necessary. A method has therefore been developed, consisting in essential of coupling an elemental analyzer with an isotope mass spectrometer, enabling fast and reliable conversion of C-, N- and S-compounds in any solid or liquid sample into the measuring gases carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide for on-line isotopic analysis. The experimental set-up and the main characteristics are described in short and examples of application in environmental research, food analysis and clinical diagnosis are given.     

苯系物扩散管气体标准物质的研制

按照ISO 6145—2003、ISO 6144—1998标准,研制了新型气体标准物质动态配气装置,实现了微机对动态配气装置主要参数数据的实时监控。用该装置研制了氮中微量苯系物扩散管气体标准物质,量值的相对扩展不确定度为2％-3％,并与静态容量法配气进行了比较。     

重量法测定灰岩中的二氧化碳

采用重量法对灰岩中的二氧化碳进行测定。首先用酸分解试样,在载气作用下,产生的二氧化碳被吸收液完全吸收,最后用重量法间接求出二氧化碳的含量。实验结果准确度高,矿石中的硫不干扰测定,可测定0.1%以上的二氧化碳。不经过复杂的气体净化步骤,操作准确、简单、易行,可用于灰岩中二氧化碳的测定。     

Identity confirmation of drugs and explosives in ion mobility spectrometry using a secondary drift gas

This work demonstrated the potential of using a secondary drift gas of differing polarizability from the primary drift gas for confirmation of a positive response for drugs or explosives by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The gas phase mobilities of response ions for selected drugs and explosives were measured in four drift gases. The drift gases chosen for this study were air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide providing a range of polarizability and molecular weights. Four other drift gases (helium, neon, argon and sulfur hexafluoride) were also investigated but design limitations of the commercial instrument prevented their use for this application. When ion mobility was plotted against drift gas polarizability, the resulting slopes were often unique for individual ions, indicating that selectivity factors between any two analytes varied with the choice of drift gas. In some cases, drugs like THC and heroin, which are unresolved in air or nitrogen, were well resolved in carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide.     

Ion chromatographic measurement of sulfide, methanethiolate, sulfite and sulfate in aqueous and air samples

Simultaneous measurement of sulfur species was investigated using ion chromatography. Sulfide, methanethiolate, sulfite and sulfate are representative of sulfur species. The aqueous sulfur species were simultaneously measured using a two-detector system: suppressor-type conductivity detector for sulfite and sulfate, and fluorometric or electrochemical detector for the reduced sulfur compounds. The major sulfur-containing gases, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and sulfur dioxide are collected into aqueous solution as the species listed above. Collection of sulfur gases using a membrane-based cylindrical diffusion scrubber was investigated. Atmospheric hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are measured by the diffusion scrubber collection and subsequent measurement by ion chromatography without an enrichment column. In addition to the two gases, methyl mercaptan was also determined using a dual scrubber system.     

Optical sensor for sulfur dioxide based on fluorescence quenching

A series of potential indicator dyes is evaluated for use in the development of optical sensors for measuring sulfur dioxide in gaseous samples. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate is selected on the basis of relative sensitivity to dynamic quenching by sulfur dioxide and oxygen. A solid-state fluorometer is described for monitoring the sulfur dioxide induced fluorescence quenching of sensing membranes composed of silicone and rhodamine B isothiocyanate. A modulated blue LED is coupled with the lock-in detection of a photodiode detector to provide high signal-to-noise ratios. The limit of detection is 0.114+/-0.009% for sulfur dioxide in a carrier stream of nitrogen gas. Selectivity measurements indicate no interference from several common gases (HCl, NH(3), NO, and CO(2)). Oxygen alters the sensor response when comparing signals for sulfur dioxide in 0, 20 and 100% oxygen environments.     

烟气中二氧化硫及三氧化硫测定方法的研究

本文采用过氧化氢-氯化钡-钍试剂法以及80%异丙醇-氯化钡-钍试剂法分别测定了烟气中的二氧化硫及三氧化硫质量浓度,并对该方法的灵敏度、准确度以及各种影响因素进行了研究分析.本方法简单、快速、准确、便于现场监测控制.