激光器件 激光安全与防护

TB342006010163激光防护材料注塑加工工艺的研究=Study of moldingpreparation technology of laser protective material[刊,中]/花超(南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院.江苏,南京(210009)),王庭慰…∥光学技术.—2005,31(5).—681-683采用聚碳酸酯为基材,掺杂激光吸收剂制备了防530nm和1060nm波长激光的防护材料,通过对加工温度和混合料在料筒中停留时间的研究,确定了材料的加工温度为280℃,混合材料在料筒中的时间为3min,确定了防护材料的加工工艺条件,并对其光学密度、激光防护能量、可见光透过率和抗冲击强度进行了测试。结果表明,防…     

防激光、防眩光PMMA材料的研制

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为基材,分别以激光吸收剂A和激光吸收剂B作为功能添加剂,制备了能有效地吸收530nm、1060nm波长激光和500～580nm波长眩光的防激光、防眩光PMMA材料。对其防激光、防眩光的性能、可见光透过率和力学性能进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明,实验所制得的防激光、防眩光PMMA材料在530nm波长处的透过率为0.01%,在1060nm波长处的透过率为0.02%,在500～580nm波长范围内该PMMA材料的平均透过率为0.1%左右。     

激光器件 激光安全与防护

TN24 2005053373 激光防护塑料材料的研制=Study of laster protective mate- rials[刊,中]／王庭慰(南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院． 江苏,南京(210009)),花超…∥激光杂志．-2005,26 (2)．-75-76 对激光吸收剂IR1060、530、580的激光吸收进行了比 较,并确定其在材料中的比例。以聚碳酸酯为基材,掺杂 激光吸收剂IR1060、530、580制备了防波长为,530nm和1060 nm激光、眩光的激光防护材料,并对其光学密度、抗激光     

防激光、防眩光PMMA材料的研制

TN24 2004064138 防激光、防眩光PMMA材料的研制=Study of laser and glare protective PMMA material[刊,中]/王炳升(南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院.江苏,南京(210009)),花超…∥光学技术.—2004,30(4).—470-472 以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为基材,分别以激光吸收剂A和激光吸收剂B作为功能添加剂,制备了能有效地吸收530nm、1060nm波长激光和500～580nm波长眩光的防激光、防眩光PMMA材料。对其防激光、防眩光的性能、可见光透过率和力学性能进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明,实验所制得的防激光、防眩光PMMA材料在     

半导体PbS纳米微粒的三阶非线性光学特性

用Z扫描技术,以锁模Nd:YAG激光器发出的脉宽为50ps激光作光源,在530nm和1060nm波长光作用下,研究了半导体PbS纳米微粒的非线性光学特性.结果发现在530nm激光作用下,样品有饱和吸收现象,而在1060nm激光作用下,双光子吸收出现,同时还研究了PbS纳米微粒对这两种光的限幅特性 关键词：     

宽防护角全息激光防护镜片

本文报道了全息激光防护镜的研制工作,并提出了双斜复合反射全息扩大防护角的方法。从实验结果看,对0.53μm激光的防护角可达30°,可见光透过率大于60%,其性能指标基本达到对眼睛的防护要求。     

双波段激光防护多层反射膜的设计

利用TFCalc膜系设计软件,从理论上对激光防护多层反射膜的光学性能进行了分析。计算了各个膜系的理论投射率曲线。分析了各个因素(如膜系结构、膜层奇偶性、起膜材料)对膜层光学性质的影响。并设计了以ZrO2和SiO2为膜层材料,聚碳酸酯(PC)为基体材料,可以同时防护532nm和1064nm波长激光的1∶2型多层反射薄膜。在532nm和1064nm处的理论透过率都达到了0.01%(光学密度D=4)。并在PC镜片表面镀上23层1∶5型激光反射膜,对理论设计进行验证。对其在400nm~1200nm波长范围内的光学性能进行了测试,测试结果与理论计算值基本吻合。     

不同波长的激光还原氧化石墨烯的规律

采用可见光波段的488nm、518nm和637nm激光对氧化石墨烯薄膜样品进行光照还原实验,并实时测量还原氧化石墨烯的透过率和电阻率,通过其变化规律表征不同波长的激光对氧化石墨烯还原程度的影响.结果表明:氧化石墨烯的透过率和电阻率在不同波长激光照射下呈现不同的变化规律.采用488nm激光照射时,在激光功率密度很小的条件下,氧化石墨烯即可发生还原反应,还原过程符合光化学还原规律;采用518nm与637nm激光照射时,只有当激光功率密度大于某一阈值时,氧化石墨烯才发生还原反应;激光波长越长,功率阈值越高;还原过程符合光热还原规律.该研究结果可为光还原石墨烯薄膜的图案化工艺改进提供参考和依据.     

一种全可见光敏感的光致聚合物全息特性研究

制备了一种对整个可见光波段都敏感的光全息存储材料,并研究了该材料的透过率、衍射效率、灵敏度等全息特性.用He-Ne激光器633 nm和Ar+ 激光器514 nm,488 nm,476 nm四种波长的光曝光,材料的饱和衍射效率最大为66%,最小为48%;最高灵敏度为8.06×10－3 cm2/mJ.最高折射率调制度为4.22×10－4.用多波长存储时,不同波长的光可存储多幅全息图,且再现图像清晰.结果表明,该材料是较好的高密度数字全息存储材料.     

1 319和1 338 nm双波长Nd:YAG脉冲激光输出实验研究

 根据计算得到的双波长激光振荡的阈值条件,激光实验中对全反镜镀制1 319和1 338 nm的全反膜（其反射率大于99.73%,而对1 064 nm激光的反射率约为7%）;输出镜采用对1 064 nm强谱线95%的高透过率,而对1 319和1 338 nm谱线的透过率分别为34.7%,32.5%,有效抑制了强线1 064 nm振荡,成功实现了1 319和1 338 nm Nd:YAG同时双波长激光脉冲输出。当输入能量为125 J时,1 319和1 338 nm脉冲双波长激光的单脉冲总输出能量为0.89 J,电-光转换效率为0.71%,斜率效率为0.89%。输出的双波长激光的中心波长分别在1 318.8和1 338.2 nm处,谱线宽度（FWHM）分别为0.35和0.48 nm,强度之比为36:44。     

Processing of Diamond for Integrated Optic Devices Using Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser at Different Wavelengths

In the present investigation, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to study the various aspects of diamond processing for fabricating integrated optic and UV optoelectronic devices. Diamond is a better choice of substrate compared to silicon and gallium arsenide for the fabrication of waveguides to perform operations such as modulation, switching, multiplexing, and filtering, particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum. The experimental setup of the present investigation consists of two Q-Switched Nd:YAG lasers capable of operating at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The diamond cutting is performed using these two wavelengths by making the “V”-shaped groove with various opening angle. The variation of material loss of diamond during cutting is noted for the two wavelengths. The cut surface morphology and elemental and structural analysis of graphite formed during processing in both cases are compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser Raman spectroscopy. Both the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser systems (at 1064 nm and 532 nm) show very good performance in terms of peak-to-peak output stability, minimal spot diameter, smaller divergence angle, higher peak power in Q-switched mode, and good fundamental TEM₀₀ mode quality for processing natural diamond stones. Less material loss and minimal micro cracks are achieved with wavelength 532 nm whereas a better diamond cut surface is achieved with processing at 1064 nm with minimum roughness.     

飞秒激光加工蓝宝石超衍射纳米结构

蓝宝石具有超强硬度及耐腐蚀、耐高温、在紫外-红外波段具有良好的透光性等优点,在军工业以及医疗器械方面具有广泛的应用前景.然而这些优点又对蓝宝石的机械加工或化学腐蚀加工带来困难.飞秒激光脉冲具有热损伤小、加工分辨率高、材料选择广等特点,被广泛应用于固体材料改性和高精度三维微纳器件加工.本文提出了利用飞秒激光多光子吸收特性在蓝宝石表面实现超越光学衍射极限的精细加工.利用聚焦后的波长为343 nm的飞秒激光,配合高精密三维压电位移台,实现激光焦点和蓝宝石晶体的相对三维移动,在蓝宝石晶体衬底上进行精确扫描,得到了线宽约61 nm的纳米线,纳米线间的最小间距达到142 nm左右.利用等离子体模型解释了加工得到的纳米条纹的产生原因,研究了激光功率、扫描速度对加工分辨率的影响.最终本工作实现了超越光学衍射极限的加工精度,为实现利用飞秒激光对高硬度材料的微纳结构制备提供了参考.     

A compact and efficient four-wavelength Q-switched Nd:YAP laser

In this paper, a four-wavelength electro-optic (E-O) Q-switched solid-state laser system was presented. This laser system only use one Nd:YAP laser crystal, which irradiates 1079.5 nm and 1341.4 nm fundamental wavelengths. Both of these wavelength lasers and their second harmonic generation (SHG) compose a four-wavelength Nd:YAP Q-switched laser. The Q-switched output energies of 277 mJ for 1079.5 nm and 61 mJ for 539.8 nm and that of 190 mJ for 1341.4 nm and 51 mJ for 670.7 nm wavelengths were achieved. The pulse durations of 1079.5 and 539.8 nm lasers and that of 1341.4 and 670.7 nm lasers are 20 and 40 ns, respectively. Due to this laser system has the larger chance and convenience for selecting the wavelengths and operation modes by moving a stepping motor and controlling the Q-switched devices, it will broaden applications in the fields of laser cosmetology, dermatotis therapy, material processing and laser display etc.     

Selectiveness of laser processing due to energy coupling localization: case of thin film solar cell scribing

Selectiveness of the laser processing is the top-most important for applications of the processing technology in thin-film electronics, including photovoltaics. Coupling of laser energy in multilayered thin-film structures, depending on photo-physical properties of the layers and laser wavelength was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Energy coupling within thin films highly depends on the film structure. The finite element and two-temperature models were applied to simulate the energy and temperature distributions inside the stack of different layers of a thin-film solar cell during a picosecond laser irradiation. Reaction of the films to the laser irradiation was conditioned by optical properties of the layers at the wavelength of laser radiation. Simulation results are consistent with the experimental data achieved in laser scribing of copper-indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells on a flexible polymer substrate using picosecond-pulsed lasers. Selection of the right laser wavelength (1064 nm or 1572 nm) enabled keeping the energy coupling in a well-defined volume at the interlayer interface. High absorption at inner interface of the layers triggered localized temperature increase. Transient stress caused by the rapid temperature rise facilitating peeling of the films rather than evaporation. Ultra-short pulses ensured high energy input rate into absorbing material permitting peeling of the layers with no influence on the remaining material.     

A Pressure Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Grating

In the present investigation, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to study the various aspects of diamond processing for fabricating integrated optic and UV optoelectronic devices. Diamond is a better choice of substrate compared to silicon and gallium arsenide for the fabrication of waveguides to perform operations such as modulation, switching, multiplexing, and filtering, particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum. The experimental setup of the present investigation consists of two Q-Switched Nd:YAG lasers capable of operating at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The diamond cutting is performed using these two wavelengths by making the “V”-shaped groove with various opening angle. The variation of material loss of diamond during cutting is noted for the two wavelengths. The cut surface morphology and elemental and structural analysis of graphite formed during processing in both cases are compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser Raman spectroscopy. Both the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser systems (at 1064 nm and 532 nm) show very good performance in terms of peak-to-peak output stability, minimal spot diameter, smaller divergence angle, higher peak power in Q-switched mode, and good fundamental TEM ₀₀ mode quality for processing natural diamond stones. Less material loss and minimal micro cracks are achieved with wavelength 532 nm whereas a better diamond cut surface is achieved with processing at 1064 nm with minimum roughness.     

Characterization of laser processing of single‐crystal natural diamonds using micro‐Raman spectroscopic investigations

The application of lasers for processing diamond has revolutionized the diamond industry and its applications in microelectronics, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) technologies. The process quality can be evaluated using spectroscopic techniques. In the present investigation, four different types of Q‐switched solid‐state lasers (with different beam parameters), namely, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at second harmonically generated 532 nm, a diode‐pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser operating at 1064 nm and a diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, have been employed for the processing of a single‐crystal, gem‐quality, natural diamond. The main objective behind the selection of these lasers with different beam parameters was to study the effect of wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, peak power and beam quality factor (M² factor) on various aspects of processing (such as microcracking, material loss and cut surface quality) and their relative merits and demerits. The overall weight loss of the diamond and formation of microcracks during processing have been studied for the above four cases. The characteristics of the graphite formed during processing, elemental analysis, surface morphology of the cut surface and process dynamics have been studied using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We observed that laser cutting of single‐crystal diamonds used for industrial applications can be accomplished without microcracking or surface distortion using Q‐switched Nd:YAG lasers. This allows direct processing without extensive postgrinding and polishing stages. Very efficient diamond processing is possible using diode‐pumped lasers, which results in the lowest possible breakage rate, good accuracy, good surface finish and low weight loss. From the micro‐Raman and SEM studies, it is concluded that the surface quality obtained is superior when diode‐pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser is used, owing to its extremely high peak power. The maximum graphite content is observed while processing with lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. An overall comparison of all the laser sources leads to the conclusion that diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser is a superior option for the efficient processing of natural diamond crystals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Control of wettability of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films by laser-assisted micro- and nanostructuring

A flexible and rapid surface functionalization of amorphous carbon films shows a great potential for various application fields such as biological surfaces and tribological systems. For this purpose, the combination of thin film deposition and subsequent laser material processing was investigated. Amorphous carbon layers doped with hydrogen were deposited on silicon wafers by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering. Films with three different hydrogen contents were synthesized. Subsequent to the thin film deposition process, UV laser material processing at wavelengths of 193 nm or 248 nm was performed with respect to chemical surface modification and surface structuring on micro- and nanometer scale. Depending on structure size and laser-induced chemical surface modification the adjustment of the surface energy and wetting behaviour in a broad range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic was possible. The chemical modification and the ablation mechanisms near the ablation threshold were strongly influenced by the hydrogen content in amorphous carbon thin films.Structural and chemical information of the as-deposited and modified films was obtained by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements.     

激光冲击690高强钢位错组态与晶粒细化的实验研究

为研究激光冲击材料内部位错组态和晶粒细化的关系,用脉冲激光对690高强钢试样进行了冲击强化处理,采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分别获得了冲击后试样的扫描电子显微像和透射电子显微像、高分辨电子显微像,并对高分辨电子显微像进行快速傅里叶逆变换,从位错组态角度建立了激光冲击690高强钢晶粒细化模型.结果表明,690高强钢试样经功率密度为5.09 GW/cm^2的激光冲击加载后,其材料内部位错增殖、表层晶粒细化,截面晶粒尺寸大小分布在80~200 nm;析出相与基体保持半共格关系,基体中分布着众多刃型位错、位错偶以及扩展位错等缺陷,其中位错偶是由带割阶的螺型位错运动形成;通过由位错、扩展位错、空位等构成的几何位错界面扩展交汇把原始大晶粒分割成细小晶粒;激光冲击690高强钢晶粒细化模型可以描述激光冲击690高强钢位错运动主导的晶粒细化过程.     

Morphological and mechanical investigations of bariumalumoborosilicate glass surfaces processed with 700-fs laser pulses

We present surface micro-modifications of bariumalumoborosilicate glasses with a high transformation temperature near 700 °C. Laser processing of the glass substrate was realized by using ultra-short laser pulses at 800 nm. The morphological conversion of the laser-treated surfaces was characterized by scanning force microscopy and nano-indentation. A hardness increase by at least a factor of six on the laser ablation crater edge relative to illuminated non- ablated areas shows that the material in the crater walls underwent drastic morphological and mechanical changes. In this heat- and shock-affected zone, the material became more elastic as a result of increased stress.