国产硅藻土结构的研究

系统地研究了硅藻土结构, 发现除浙江白土表面具有双生的硅羟基外, 其它只有连生的与孤立的硅羟基; 经IR谱证明, 其内部尚有Si-O与Al-O振动, 酸洗或焙烧都能使硅藻体的孔径、孔径分布和结构发生改变; 经焙烧后, 结构均发生改变, 其自由水消失, 束缚水逐渐减少; 焙烧达1150℃时, 原组成无定形二氧化硅则晶化为α-方石英, 除吉林土具有一级孔洞, 云南土具有三级孔洞外, 本文中其它硅藻土均有二级孔洞。     

活性炭孔径分布测定与计算中的一些问题研究 对几种孔径分布计算模型的分析比较

本文总结了计算中孔孔径分布的各种方法,并利用严继民和张启元推导的圆筒孔等效模型、BJH法、无模型法和杜比宁法对DP活性炭进行了孔径分布的计算,比较各种方法的差异.     

大孔径涂敷柱对水中痕量有机物的吸附富集研究

本文描述了大孔径涂敷柱LBC柱的制备及其对水中痕量有机物的吸附富集技术的研究,LBC柱是一种涂有固定液SE-30的大孔径金属柱,用以直接吸附富集水中痕量有机物,然后热脱附到GDX-502预柱上,用CS_2洗脱并浓缩后注入气相色谱仪进行分析测定。本文还讨论了溶液浓度、柱长度、过柱速度、徐膜厚度对LBC柱吸附富集效率的影响及其本方法的重现性。相对标准偏差小于7％。     

可变孔径膜及其应用

可变孔径膜是一类全新的选择性分离膜,其对物质的分离机制不同于目前一般的膜分离过程。在分离过程中,随着外界条件(如 pH 值、形成配合物、外加电场等)的变化,一这种膜的孔径或透过通道能够发生可控性变化,从而有效地对透过组分进行选择性分离。本文介绍了膜孔径变化的原理、膜材质选择与结构设计,以及可变孔径膜的应用。     

制备不同孔径的氧化铝模板

将适量的有机溶剂加入电解液中，在15 ℃左右制备得到孔径大于200 nm的氧化铝模板.该法使电解时间缩短，加快了制备模板的过程， 是氧化铝模板的有效制备方法.将该方法与传统方法相结合，可以制备孔径在20～250 nm间的氧化铝模板. 实验表明：有机溶剂的加入可有效避免电解时热量的迅速产生, 通过改变实验条件可调控氧化铝模板的孔径.     

酸处理对β沸石结构和酸性的影响

考察了酸处理对β沸石的酸性的影响，发现β沸石的骨架虽易脱铝，但能抗５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ，ｄ ５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ中，β沸石的脱铝程度可达８０．０％以上，β-沸石的孔容影响不大，ＮＨ３－ＴＰＯ及Ｐｙ－Ｉｒ结果表明，β沸石经酸处理后，其强度增加，在樱椋粒欤剑常福秆飞洗锏阶钋浚砻嫠嵋裕趟嵛鳎宜妫樱椋粒毂鹊脑黾佣銮俊?     

采用不同碳链长度的季铵盐型表面活性剂模板剂合成MCM-48分子筛

采用3种不同碳链长度的季铵盐型表面活性剂CnTAB(n=12、14、16),成功合成了具有不同孔径的MCM-48分子筛.XRD结果表明,所合成的分子筛均具有MCM-48的特征衍射峰,且结晶度良好;N2吸附-脱附实验表明,所得MCM-48的孔径实现了在1.86～2.6nm之间的调变,且其均有大于1200m2/g的比表面积.     

泡压-滤速法研究聚丙烯微孔膜的孔径及其分布

膜科学与膜技术作为新兴的材料科学分支之一,在国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用．近年来,高分子微孔膜的研究与应用正引起人们日益增长的关注．采用双轴拉伸方法制备的聚丙烯微孔膜同时具备了良好的力学性能和透过性能［１］,克服了单轴拉伸方法各向异性的缺点,是一...     

以可控孔径玻璃为基质的疏水作用固定相的研制

以不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG 400,600,800,1000和2000)为配基,发展了一类以可控孔径玻璃(CPG)为基质的疏水作用色谱固定相,研究了其分离生物高分子的色谱条件,这类固定相可以以很高的活性回收率使蛋白质得到满意的分离。     

Atomic Force Microscope Studies of Membranes: Surface Pore Structures of Diaflo Ultrafiltration Membranes

Noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the surface pore structure of eight Diaflo ultrafiltration membranes covering a range of nominal molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) from 3000 to 300,000 and manufactured from three different polymer types. Excellent high resolution images were obtained. Analysis of the pore images gave quantitative information on the surface pore structure, in particular the pore size distribution and surface roughness. Such data is compared to that obtained by other techniques. Noncontact AFM is a facile and informative means of studying the surface structure of porous materials such as synthetic membranes.     

Controlling Pore Size and its Distribution of γ-Al2O3 Nanofiltration Membranes

The preparation process of γ-A12O3 nanofiltration membranes were studied by N2 absorption and desorption test and retention rate vs thickness gradient curve method. It was found that template and thermal treatment were key factors for controlling pore size and its distribution.Under the optimized experimental conditions, the BJH (Barret-Jovner-Halenda) desorotion average pore diameter, BJH desorption cumulative volume of pores and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)surface area of obtained membranes were about 3.9 nm, 0.33 cm3/g and 245 m2/g respectively, the pore size distribution was very narrow. Pore size decreased with the increasing of thickness and no evident change after the dense top layer was formed. The optimum thickness can be controlled by retention rate vs thickness gradient curve method.     

高比表面积窄孔分布氧化铝的制备研究 Ⅱ.加硅的影响

 采用pH摆动法，以硫酸铝为铝源，以氢氧化钠为碱沉淀剂，考察了添加SiO2对沉淀氧化铝物性的影响．通过孔结构分析、粒度测定和电镜观察等证实，加入少量SiO2可使沉淀粒子分散、变小，颗粒相对均匀，从而提高了氧化铝的比表面积和孔集中的程度．当加入2．5％的SiO时，pH仅摆动2次，即可使氧化铝粉体的孔体积高达1．2ml／g，比表面积达380m2／g．这类氧化铝的孔结构适宜，粒子小，易直接成型为孔径集中和耐压强度好的载体，故用于重油高压加氢脱氮反应具有较好的性能．沉淀时酸侧pH值降低，尽管沉淀氧化铝的孔径向较小的方面集中，但此时沉淀粒子呈紧密堆积，颗粒变大，比表面积下降，氧化铝沉淀粒子的结构发生改变．不同结构的氧化铝表现出不同的催化活性．     

孔径渐变的有序介孔炭的合成及电化学应用

以SBA-15为模板,硼酸为孔道扩张剂,蔗糖为碳源制备了一系列孔径渐变的有序硼杂介孔炭材料,并研究了其电化学电容性能。氮气静态吸附测试表明,当硼酸物质的量分数从0%增大到75%时,介孔炭的孔径从3.3nm增大至8.1nm,并保持有序的介孔结构。电化学测试表明,在KOH电解液中,硼杂介孔炭比电容明显高于未掺杂硼有序介孔炭,孔道有序性和孔径大小共同影响了炭材料的电容性能。当硼酸物质的量分数为50%时,炭材料的比电容性能最优。     

大孔树脂孔结构的测定

介绍了大孔树脂比表面积,孔容,平均孔径及孔径分布等孔结构参数的测定方法,对各参数的不同测定方法进行了分析,比较。通过作者的工作,对大孔树脂的孔结构测定及测定中需要注意的问题进行了讨论,对各种方法的特点进行了总结。     

Effect of Structure and Pore Size of Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Materials on the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes

Microporous and mesoporous molecular sieve materials with different channel structures and pore sizes were applied as supports for Fe-loaded catalysts to catalytically synthesize carbon nanotubes. The deposited carbon materials were characterized by the TEM technique. It was shown that the structures and pore sizes of supports greatly influence the forms and quality of the deposited carbon materials. The larger the pore size of the support used, the larger the diameter and pore size of the carbon nanotubes formed. It seems that the growth of carbon nanotubes can be orientated by the one-dimensional mesoporous structure of hexagonal mesoporous molecular sieve materials.     

Numerical Study of Pore Sizes Distribution in Gels

We introduce a new numerical technique for the calculation of the pore size distribution in two-dimensional disordered systems. Our method is based on a triangulation technique which allows a closer measurement of pores surface without any morphological hypothesis.In this work, we focus our calculations in simulated gels. Such materials are modeled in two different conditions: by means of the Diffusion-Limited and Reaction-Limited Cluster-cluster Aggregation algorithms, DLCA and RLCA, respectively. In both situations, when the particles concentration decreases, the average pores size increases. The more compact cluster in RLCA, compared with DLCA, is consistent with the pore size distribution we have calculated. The simulated mean pore size is quantitatively in agreement with experimental data from literature.     

Ethylene Polymerization by Metallocene Catalysts Supported over Siliceous Materials with Bimodal Pore Size Distribution

Summary: As known, the pore structure of the catalytic support plays a decisive role during the polymerization reactions determining intra-particle mass and heat transport phenomena. In this work, several ethylene polymerizations have been carried out by using as catalytic support different mesostructured materials with unimodal and bimodal pore size distributions in order to evaluate the influence of this pore size distribution on the catalytic behavior. Calcined mesoporous materials were impregnated with the catalytic system MAO/(nBuCp)₂ZrCl₂ and used for ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerizations, at 70 °C and 5 bar of ethylene pressure. Polyethylenes obtained were characterized by GPC, DSC and Crystaf. Results indicate that porous structure of the support has a significant influence on polymerization activity and polymer properties. Despite the catalyst bimodal pore size distribution, only ethylene/1-hexene copolymers presented a bimodal chemical composition distribution.     

Pore size distribution of unsupported SnO2 membranes prepared by sol-gel process

Unsupported SnO₂ membranes were prepared by sol-gel process and characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and X-ray diffraction. Results show that the texture of dried samples does not change appreciably with the concentration of electrolyte. All of the pore size range used in ultrafiltration process was screened using sintering temperature between 300 and 700°C.     

Benzene Adsorption Isotherms on MCM-41 and their Use for Pore Size Analysis

This work is focused on the elaboration of methodology for adsorption characterization of porous silicas by using benzene adsorption isotherms measured on good quality MCM-41 materials. Three MCM-41 samples were synthesized by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source and surfactants, octyltrimethylammonium (C8), decyltrimethylammonium (C10) and cetyltrimethylammonium (C16) bromides as templates. A characteristic feature of this synthesis was relatively long hydrothermal treatment (5 days) at 373 K, which gave well ordered samples as evidenced by powder XRD analysis. Benzene adsorption isotherms measured on these MCM-41 samples were used to evaluate such standard quantities as the BET specific surface area, total pore volume, external surface area and the volume of ordered mesopores, and to obtain the statistical film thickness (t-curve) as well as the Kelvin-type relation, which describes the dependence between pore width and condensation pressure for benzene on silica at 298 K. The latter relations were incorporated into the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda algorithm to extend its applicability to calculate the pore size distributions from benzene adsorption data.