超声提取-高温燃烧吸收-离子色谱法测定纺织品中可吸附有机卤化物北大核心CSCD

建立了一种对纺织品中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的超声提取-高温燃烧吸收-离子色谱定量检测分析新方法。该方法采用超声方式提取纺织品中的AOX,提取液加入活性炭进行振荡吸附,并用酸性硝酸钠溶液对无机卤化物进行去除。采用程序升温的氧化燃烧方式对吸附AOX的活性炭进行裂解、燃烧及气化,其产生的卤化氢等气体随载气进入吸收液并完全转化为无机卤素阴离子,采用离子色谱分离测定,外标法定量。实验优化了超声提取时间、活性炭用量、燃烧气及其流量、燃烧升温程序、吸收液和吸收方式等前处理条件,并对离子色谱的仪器分析条件如色谱柱、柱温及淋洗液流速等进行优化。结果表明,氟、氯、溴、碘4种卤素离子的标准溶液在0.02~10 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数(R^(2))均在0.999以上;AOX测定的方法定量限为0.10~0.50 mg/kg。以棉、毛和涤纶3种不同种类的阴性纺织样品作为样品基质,选取典型的有机卤化物进行加标,在低、中、高3个加标水平下测得AOX的平均回收率为82.3%~98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为2.0%~5.7%,表明方法具有良好的回收率和精密度。将该方法应用于实际纺织样品的测定,检出了不同含量的AOX,且重复性好。研究建立的方法通过采用活性炭的振荡吸附、程序升温的高温氧化燃烧方式和多孔吸收瓶的二级吸收方法,提高了AOX转化为无机卤素的回收率;同时利用离子色谱仪器选择性好、灵敏度高的特点成功地一次性分离检测4种AOX,且无杂质离子的干扰。该方法简单、准确、可靠,满足国内外法规和标准对纺织品中AOX的限量要求,适用于纺织品中AOX的分析测定。     

固体吸附-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定表面涂装废气中36种挥发性有机物

采用固体吸附剂对表面涂装废气样品进行富集,经热脱附后,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定表面涂装废气中36种挥发性有机物的含量。在气相色谱分离中采用SH-Rtx-624色谱柱,在质谱分析中采用全扫描模式。采用内标法定量,36种挥发性有机物的检出限(3S/N)为0.018～2.96ng。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为84.5%～111%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.7%～14%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量

对膏状样品取1.0g,加入四氢呋喃4mL溶解后用甲醇定容至10mL;对乳状、水状及固体样品取1.0g,加入甲醇至近5mL,涡旋振荡1min,用甲醇定容至10mL。将上述试样溶液超声提取15min,离心分层,取上清液,用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇与1.5%(体积分数)乙酸溶液按体积比35∶65组成的混合液为流动相,作色谱分离,在波长280nm处进行紫外检测。测得香兰素和乙基香兰素的质量浓度均在0.5~100mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)均为0.2mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为91.3%~97.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%~1.7%。     

预富集-冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法测定饮料中的痕量汞

使用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)作配位剂,在pH 6.0的条件下,用固体硅胶捕集、膜滤纸抽滤分离Hg-APDC配合物,然后用0.1 mol/L盐酸从膜滤纸上洗下硅胶,得到能够直接用冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法(CV-AAS)测定汞的悬浊液。在150 mL样品溶液中,特征质量为0.01 ng/1%。用本法测定了饮料中的痕量汞,标准偏差为4%~8%,回收率为95.0%~100.0%。     

多合一真菌毒素免疫亲和柱的制备及其应用

以rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶为载体,同时偶联抗黄曲霉素B1( AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮( ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇( DON)单抗,制备了AFB1-ZEN-DON三合一免疫亲和柱,并对非特异性吸附、柱空白、柱容量、柱效及样品加标回收率等指标进行评价。结果表明,0.25 mL胶对应的柱容量分别为：AFB1295 ng,ZEN 905 ng,DON 2342 ng;柱空白为0;rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶(0.25 mL胶)对3种毒素的非特异吸附率均低于8%,3种毒素不同浓度的平均柱回收分别为97.4%、98.0%和98.4%。通过优化条件,选择80%甲醇-水(80：20, V/V)为提取溶剂,PBST稀释;FAPAS质控样本经不同批次三合一亲和柱净化后测定结果接近靶心值。制备的三合一免疫亲和柱能满足食品及饲料样品的前处理,可替代常规单一亲和柱,为多种毒素的一步富集、净化、检测奠定基础。     

环境样品的热解-溶液吸收预处理及其汞同位素组成的测定

利用多道接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)可实现汞同位素的高精度测定,但对样品预处理的要求很高。目前,液态、固态、气态环境样品的预处理方式不一,存在一定的系统误差。该研究旨在尽可能统一各状态样品的预处理步骤。先将各样品中的不同形态汞富集转化为固体可吸附态,令其吸附在固态载体上,包括:采用金柱富集气体样品中的气态单质汞;以吹扫-金柱捕集法富集液体样品中的溶解气态汞和总汞;用膜过滤法收集大气中的颗粒态汞。最后以管式炉热解定量固态样品,采用高氧化效率的酸性高锰酸钾混合溶液吸收热解产生的Hg~0并氧化为Hg~(2+),保存于溶液中供MC-ICP-MS测定。优化了气体流速、吸收液体积及高锰酸钾浓度等参数,考察了方法空白、回收率及精密度等指标,并将建立的方法应用于大气气态单质汞、大气颗粒态汞、溶解气态汞、雨水总汞和土壤总汞等样品中汞同位素的分析。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集分离氢醌容量法测定矿石中金

聚氨酯泡沫塑料对金具有非常强的吸附能力,用于富集分离金具有容量大、选择性好、操作简便、成本低等优点,但采用静态吸附法条件要求严格,干扰因素多,结果偏低。本文利用活性炭吸附柱布氏漏斗装置富集分离金动态吸附法的优点,制备了泡沫塑料吸附柱布氏漏斗装置,研究了富集分离金的条件。结果表明,泡沫塑料吸附金的浓度为5—35％,吸附温度在50℃以下,抽滤时流速应小于1.25毫升/秒。以2％盐酸、2％氟化氢铵和水为淋洗液,可避免泡沫塑     

管式炉燃烧-离子色谱法测定固体生物质燃料中硫和氯

取粉碎的固体生物质燃料样品于管式炉的瓷舟中,燃烧后气体被吸收液吸收。吸收液用水定容至5.0mL,过0.45μm滤膜,采用离子色谱法测定滤液中硫和氯的含量。采用Dionex IonPac AS18阴离子色谱柱进行色谱分离,以12mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液为流动相,电导检测器测定。硫酸根、氯离子的质量浓度均在0.1～10.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.005,0.003mg·L~(-1)。对5.0mg·L~(-1)硫酸根、氯离子的混合标准溶液平行测定6次,硫酸根和氯离子峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为2.1%,2.2%。以空白固体生物质燃料样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为96.0%～98.2%。方法应用于固体生物质燃料样品的分析,测定值与艾士卡法和高温水解-电位滴定法测定结果基本一致。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和土壤中17种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和土壤中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。蔬菜样品用乙腈均质提取,土壤利用水和乙腈振荡提取。在气相色谱分离中用DB-1701MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。17种邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度均在2.00~500μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.01~0.32μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在71.1%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.20%~15%之间。     

积雪草中五种微量元素的形态分析

按照传统煎煮法对积雪草中铁、锰、锌、铜和锶5种元素进行提取,用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态与悬浮态,利用阳离子交换树脂柱、大孔吸附树脂柱和螯合树脂柱对可溶态中的游离态和非游离态、有机态和无机态、稳定态和不稳定态进行分离后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)对各种形态中的上述5种元素进行测定。结果显示,积雪草中5种元素的提取率为11.88%～22.86%,浸留比为14.04%～31.44%。该法测定各元素的回收率为95.6%～104.3%,相对标准偏差在0.37%～1.14%之间,具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.