用磁铁释放拾取钢球的液体黏度测量仪

研制了一种液体度测量仪.用锥形磁铁吸持和释放钢球使钢球沿量筒中心轴线下落,用磁棒拾取钢球使钢球免清洗重复使用,采用专门设计的量筒盛待测液体.分析了收尾速度计时起点的位置,并用MATLAB计算讨论.实验结果表明,该测量仪测量准确,不产生油污,操作简单方便.     

光栅最小偏向角法测量汞灯谱线波长的理论和实验验证

通过理论推导,给出了最小偏向角的表达式,测量得到最小偏向角的具体数值.实验结果表明,用最小偏向角法测量的波长较对称法更准确,另外,光栅常数也是影响实验误差的原因.     

毛细管法测量液体黏度实验再设计

设计了简单的毛细管法测量液体黏度的实验装置,通过测量液面高度与时间的变化,拟合实验数据得到液体的黏度,省去了传统的恒压液槽的设计.通过毛细管外加恒温管的方法,可较准确地测量不同温度下液体黏度的变化.通过实验给出泊肃叶公式中液体流速与毛细管长度、内径以及两端压强差的关系.     

拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数的改进

通过改进原有的实验仪器,设计一个拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数的新实验.从金属环片受力分析开始,推导测量液体表面张力系数的计算新公式,纠正了一直以来不计液膜重力的过于粗略的计算方法.实践证明该实验测量方法操作方便,测量过程稳定,重复性强,数据精度高.并对新的实验结果进行准确分析,澄清了有关文献中错误的概念.     

极大值法测量表面张力系数

测量金属薄片从液体中拉出过程中液膜高度和拉力的关系,分析其产生的原因,给出液体表面张力系数的准确测量方案.     

螺绕环的电感

给出了螺绕环电感的准确表达式,并对常见问题作了详细的讨论.     

落球法测液体黏度的改进

对落球法测量液体黏度实验进行改进,充分利用物理天平称量精度较高的特性,采用称量及求比值的方法求出小球在液体中受力的大小.该方法避免了一些计算误差和测量误差,可提高测量精度.     

傅里叶变换轮廓术中新的相位及高度算法分析

在传统傅里叶变换轮廓术三维面型测量中,为了准确得到被测物体的高度分布,必需保证投影仪出射光瞳和摄像机入射光瞳的连线与参考面平行并且在同一水平面,否则存在较大的误差。着眼于更普通的情况,讨论双瞳连线与参考面成某一夹角时的高度计算,推导出了非平行时的参考面光场及物面变形条纹光场的表达式,并给出了高度映射公式。因而,传统的傅里叶变换轮廓术测量成为角度α=0时的特例。该方法使傅里叶变换轮廓术的测量条件得到了放宽;易于通过移动投影装置或成像装置获取全场条纹;并为在难以实现双瞳与参考面平行的特殊环境下的测量提供了可行的方法。计算机模拟及实验均证实了该方法的有效性。     

悬浮水轮回复现象的探究

通过对稳定悬浮在冲击水柱上方的轻质球形物体进行预实验猜想,判断出其稳定悬浮条件与水柱冲击点位置相关.在对水柱冲击点进行速度方向的分解后,由康达效应得知流体流经弯曲物体表面过程中存在相互作用力,遂试图利用边界层理论对物体进行受力分析,进而给出物体横向受力的表达式.解释了物体在水柱冲击点稍偏离平衡冲击位置时,物体所受到的类似“回复力”的现象.通过实验测量结果验证了此理论的自洽性.     

液滴振荡模型及与数值模拟的对比

由于碰撞壁面后液滴内部流动的复杂性, 以及气-液-固三相间的相互作用, 对液滴碰撞壁面形态变化的数学理论研究有较大的难度, 因此所见者多为实验和数值模拟. 本文通过对液滴受力状态的分析, 得到了惯性力、黏性力和表面张力带经验系数的表达式, 并进一步建立了液滴碰撞壁面振荡模型, 得到了液滴铺展半径的振荡表达式, 以及表面张力、黏性系数等参数对液滴铺展的影响. 最后通过与液滴衰减振荡数值模拟结果的对比, 确定了液滴振荡模型中的修正系数, 验证了模型的可行性. 关键词： 液滴碰撞 振荡 铺展半径/高度 数值模拟     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...