温度驱动离子液体分散微萃取/超高压液相色谱检测水样中的微量四环素

建立了一种超高压液相色谱(UPLC)快速测定环境水样中8种痕量四环素的方法.利用稀土金属镧作为螯合试剂与水样中的四环素形成疏水性螯合物.温度驱动[Bmim]PF6分散萃取富集目标物,采用超高压液相色谱进行分离,紫外检测器检测,并对实验条件进行了优化.在最佳条件下,8种四环素在一定质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,r2均大于0....     

超高压液相色谱质谱联用法同时测定牛肝中七种磺胺类药物

建立了牛肝中7种磺胺类药物残留量的超高压液相色谱质谱联用的测定方法.样品经乙腈提取后经过MCX阳离子交换小柱净化后,利用超高压液相色谱进行检测.方法检出限为0.02 μg/g.7种磺胺类药物的加标回收率为 70.6%～112.5% (添加水平为0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2 μg/g),相对标准偏差为 2.6%～14.3%.同时建立了阳性样品检测的质谱确证方法,能够满足国际上对药物残留的要求.     

超高压液相色谱法分析12种氟苯甲酸示踪剂

建立了超高压液相色谱法测定12种新型水文示踪剂氟苯甲酸的分析方法。使用非极性固相萃取柱(200 mg,ENV+,6 mL)富集,Acquity BEH C18(50×2.1 mm.id.,1.7μm)超高压液相色谱柱、乙腈∶水(体积分数0.004%甲酸,pH 3.48)流动相、二极管阵列检测器,检测波长214 nm。方法相对标准偏差1.2%~4.2%,线性范围2.2~72.0μg/L(RSD:0.40%~1.6%)。平均回收率87.5%~111.6%之间(RSD 0.61%~9.8%.)。     

加速溶剂萃取/超高压液相色谱-质谱联用对土壤中甲胺磷的测定研究

建立了加速溶剂萃取/超高压液相色谱-质谱联用测定土壤中甲胺磷的方法。确定最佳萃取条件为:萃取溶剂为乙腈,萃取温度80℃,静态萃取时间10 min,循环2次。萃取液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩后,进超高压液相色谱-质谱分析,外标法定量,质谱定性。结果表明,甲胺磷的线性范围为3.15~1 050μg/L,相关系数为0.999 1。低、中、高3个加标水平下甲胺磷的平均回收率为72%~82%,相对标准偏差为5.8%~8.6%,检出限为0.05μg/kg。该方法具有良好的分离效果、较宽的线性范围和较高的灵敏度,可用于实际样品检测。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂残留

建立了畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂药物残留的超高压液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用仪测定方法。样品酶解后经高氯酸溶液净化,调节p H值至碱性,乙酸乙酯提取,净化浓缩后以流动相定容,用超高压液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,内标法定量。3种β-受体激动剂在0.5~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998。畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂的加标回收率为80.3%~110.2%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~7.7%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.07μg/kg。     

单程直驱超高压纳升泵的研制与评价

随着生命科学的发展，纳升液相色谱系统在生化分析领域有着越来越多的应用。纳升流速输液泵作为系统的关键部件之一，其性能直接影响分析结果的准确性与重复性。该文基于高精度直驱电机和十通切换阀研制了一种单程直驱超高压纳升泵，并对其进行了评价。测试结果表明，该纳升输液泵在500 nL/min下的流速准确性优于1%，稳定性优于0.7%，最大输液压强超过100 MPa，梯度输液偏差低于1%。进一步利用该纳升输液泵构建纳升液相色谱-质谱联用系统，对1 μg牛血清白蛋白（BSA）酶解液进样分析，序列覆盖率可达45%，分析1.25 μg Hela细胞蛋白质酶解液鉴定到2809个蛋白质。说明构建的单程直驱超高压纳升泵能够用于生化分析，尤其是蛋白质组学分析研究中。     

基于超高压液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱技术的烟草代谢组学分析方法

对影响烟草代谢物提取的4个关键因素(溶剂、提取方式、提取时间、提取温度)在3个水平上进行了正交设计,确立了最佳提取方法;对色谱和质谱部分的实验条件进行优化,建立了基于超高压液相色谱-四级杆串联飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)平台的烟草代谢组学分析方法。方法可检测到2445个色谱峰,提取及分析的重现性较好。     

超高压液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱仪的管理、维护与故障处理

超高压液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪是分离鉴定复杂有机物组分的重要工具，如何使仪器保持良好的运行状态，同时延长其使用寿命、节约耗材、降低运行成本是至关重要的.对仪器的日常管理、维护与常见故障处理进行了总结介绍.     

超高压液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法对牛奶中24种磺胺类药物残留的检测

利用超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）联用技术,建立了一种能在10 min内快速分离和测定牛奶中24种磺胺类药物残留的方法。样品经匀浆、超声、乙腈重复提取、氮吹浓缩,流动相溶解,饱和正己烷脱脂。采用ACQUITY UPLCTMBEHC18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm）,以乙腈-0.2%乙酸水溶液（体积比1∶9）为流动相,梯度洗脱,目标分析物使用超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱进行测定;以保留时间和离子对进行定性和定量,在ESI（＋）和MRM监测模式下进行样品分析。该方法检出限（LOD）为0.04～1.35μg/kg;在1～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,回收率为61%～117%,相对标准偏差为2.92%～18.98%。该法样品前处理简单、分析速度快、回收率和灵敏度高、检出限低,可以满足各国对牛奶中24种磺胺类药物的检测要求。     

固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威及阿特拉津

建立了固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津的分析方法。通过对色谱流动相和紫外检测条件、固萃小柱和上样速度、滤器材质等进行优化,确定了最佳实验方案。水样以5～10 mL/min的速度上样,采用Bond Elute Plexa固相萃取小柱富集,二氯甲烷洗脱。洗脱液经浓缩和重溶后,过尼龙滤膜,采用超高压液相色谱分析,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水(55∶45),检测波长为222 nm,流速为0.4 mL/min。在优化条件下,1.5 min内可对3种化合物实现基线分离。呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内的线性系数均大于0.999,其仪器精密度(n=9)分别为1.7%、0.2%和0.7%,方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.04、0.003、0.004μg/L。在高、低水平加标浓度下,方法回收率为74%～94%。该方法具有分析速度快、操作简单和检出限低等优点,可用于同时分析水体中痕量的呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津。     

Organo-silica nano-particles used in ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography

A simple one-step process was used to synthesize uniform, spherical organosilica nano-particles containing octadecyl moieties. These nano-particles, having a diameter of 670 nm, were slurry packed into fused-silica capillary tubes of 50 microm internal diameter and tested for use in ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) at inlet pressures of about 50,000 psi (approximately 3,500 bar), providing for the use of HPLC with nano-particle packed columns. The retention characteristics of a column packed with the organo-nano-particles were shown to be stable under acidic (pH < 1) and basic (pH > 11) conditions. Fast analysis times and relatively high separation efficiencies (approximately 500,000 plates m(-1)) were obtained under the conditions used.     

Raman-based geobarometry of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks: applications, problems, and perspectives

Raman-based geobarometry has recently become increasingly popular because it is an elegant way to obtain information on peak metamorphic conditions or the entire pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) path of metamorphic rocks, especially those formed under ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions. However, several problems need to be solved to get reliable estimates of metamorphic conditions. In this paper we present some examples of difficulties which can arise during the Raman spectroscopy study of solid inclusions from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks.     

Elevated-temperature ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography using very small polybutadiene-coated nonporous zirconia particles

Capillary columns packed with small diameter particles typically lead to low permeability and long separation times in high-performance liquid chromatography. Ultrahigh pressures (>10,000 p.s.i.; 1 p.s.i. is identical with 6,894.76 Pa) can be used to overcome the limitations that small particles impose. Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has demonstrated great potential for high-speed and high-efficiency separations. Decreasing the viscosity of the mobile phase by elevating the temperature could additionally reduce the pressure drop and facilitate the use of longer columns or smaller particles to achieve even higher total plate numbers. For this reason, we investigated the use of elevated temperatures in UHPLC. Water-resistant, flexible heater tape covered with insulation was used to provide the desired heat to the column. Polybutadiene-coated 1 microm nonporous zirconia particles were used because of their chemical stability at elevated temperature. A column efficiency as high as 420,000 plates m(-1) was obtained. The effects of temperature and pressure on the separation of parabens were investigated. Separation of five herbicides was completed in 60 s using 26,000 p.s.i. and 90 degrees C.     

硅胶基质高效液相色谱填料研究进展

高效液相色谱(HPLC)不仅是一种有效的分析分离手段,也是一种重要的高效制备分离技术。色谱柱是HPLC系统的核心,不同性能的填料是HPLC广泛应用的基础。硅胶是开发最早、研究最为深入、应用最为广泛的HPLC固定相基质,其制备方法主要有喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法、聚合诱导胶体凝聚法及模板法等。近年来,亚2μm小粒径硅胶、核-壳型硅胶、双孔径硅胶、介孔性硅胶、有机杂化硅胶等新型硅胶应用于HPLC并取得了色谱分离技术的飞速发展,例如基于亚2μm填料的超高压液相色谱技术、基于核-壳型填料的快速分离技术、基于杂化硅胶填料的高温液相色谱技术等。硅胶经表面化学键合、聚合物包覆等有机改性可制得先进的大分子限进填料、温敏性填料、手性填料等,大大扩展了HPLC的应用范围。本文对液相色谱用硅胶的制备方法、改性与修饰方法以及硅胶基质固定相的评价方法加以系统综述,概述了新型硅胶在HPLC中的应用进展,并对硅胶基质填料的发展方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

Metabolomics approach based on utra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with chemometrics methods for high-throughput analysis of metabolite biomarkers to explore the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with myocardial dysfunction

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can been used for discovery of metabolite biomarkers to explore the metabolic pathway of diseases. Identification of metabolic pathways is key to understanding the pathogenesis and mechanism of disease. Myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis (SMD) is a severe complication of septic shock and represents major causes of death in intensive care units; however its pathological mechanism is still not clear. In this study, ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics with chemometrics anaylsis and multivariate pattern recognition analysis were used to detect urinary metabolic profile changes in a lipopolysaccharide-induced SMD mouse model. Multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonapartial least squares discriminant analysis for the discrimination of SMD was conducted to identify potential biomarkers. A total of 19 differential metabolites were discovered by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based urinary metabolomics strategy. The altered biochemical pathways based on these metabolites showed that tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ubiquinone biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism were closely connected to the pathological processes of SMD. Consequently, integrated chemometric analyses of these metabolic pathways are necessary to extract information for the discovery of novel insights into the pathogenesis of disease.     

Separation of isomers of new psychoactive substances and isotope-labeled amphetamines using UHPSFC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS

The use of sub-2?µm particles columns is finding its use in ultrahigh-pressure supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC), opening up for fast analysis and high-resolution separations. The development of new and more robust systems also makes the technique more interesting for bioanalytical analysis, where the need for reproducible and fast analysis with little downtime is great. One area where the use of UHPSFC could become a useful tool is in the separation of structural isomers of new psychoactive substances (NPS). 2-, 3-, and 4- structural isomers of fluoroamphetamine, fluoromethamphetamine, and methylmethcathinone, isomeric pairs of the synthetic cannabinoids UR-144/UR-144 degradant, XLR-11/XLR-11 degradant, JWH-015/JWH-073, and JWH-019/JWH-122, as well as amphetamine and several stable isotope-labeled amphetamine internal standards were separated with UHPSFC-MS/MS and compared with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) MS/MS. NPS isomers that were difficult to separate with reversed-phase UHPLC-MS/MS were separated by UHPSFC; in most cases with an orthogonal retention order to UHPLC. In contrast to the behavior seen when using reversed-phase UHPLC, the deuterated amphetamines eluted later than amphetamine with UHPSFC. ¹³C₆-labeled amphetamine coeluted with amphetamine for all conditions, making this the best choice of an internal standard.     

Rapid high performance liquid chromatography method development with high prediction accuracy,using 5 cm long narrow bore columns packed with sub-2 μm particles and Design Space computer modeling

Many different strategies of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method development are used today. This paper describes a strategy for the systematic development of ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC or UPLC) methods using 5 cm × 2.1 mm columns packed with sub-2 μm particles and computer simulation (DryLab^® package). Data for the accuracy of computer modeling in the Design Space under ultrahigh-pressure conditions are reported. An acceptable accuracy for these predictions of the computer models is presented. This work illustrates a method development strategy, focusing on time reduction up to a factor 3–5, compared to the conventional HPLC method development and exhibits parts of the Design Space elaboration as requested by the FDA and ICH Q8R1. Furthermore this paper demonstrates the accuracy of retention time prediction at elevated pressure (enhanced flow-rate) and shows that the computer-assisted simulation can be applied with sufficient precision for UHPLC applications (p > 400 bar). Examples of fast and effective method development in pharmaceutical analysis, both for gradient and isocratic separations are presented.     

It is time for a paradigm shift in drug discovery bioanalysis: from SRM to HRMS

It can be argued that the last true paradigm shift in the bioanalytical (BA) arena was the shift from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection to HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection after the commercialization of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the 1990s. HPLC-MS/MS analysis based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM) has become the gold standard for BA assays and is used by all the major pharmaceutical companies for the quantitative analysis of new drug entities (NCEs) as part of the new drug discovery and development process. While LC-MS/MS continues to be the best tool for drug discovery bioanalysis, a new paradigm involving high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (uHPLC) is starting to make inroads into the pharmaceutical industry. The ability to collect full scan spectra, with excellent mass accuracy, mass resolution, 10-250 ms scan speeds and no NCE-related MS parameter optimization, makes the uHPLC-HRMS techniques suitable for quantitative analysis of NCEs while preserving maximum qualitative information about other drug-related and endogenous components such as metabolites, degradants, biomarkers and formulation materials. In this perspective article, we provide some insight into the evolution of the hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight (Qq-TOF) mass spectrometer and propose some of the desirable specifications that such HRMS systems should have to be integrated into the drug discovery bioanalytical workflow for performing integrated qualitative and quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and related components.     

Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography using a 1-mm id column packed with 1.5-microm porous particles

The evolution of chromatography has led to the reduction in the size of the packing materials used to fabricate HPLC columns. The increase in the backpressure required has led to this technique being referred to as ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) when the column backpressure exceeds 10000 psi (approximately 700 bar). Until recently, columns packed with sub-2-microm materials have generally fitted into two classes; either short (less than 5 cm) columns designed for use on traditional HPLC systems at pressures less than 5000 psi (350 bar), or capillary columns (inner diameters less than 100 microm). By using packing materials with diameters <2 microm to fabricate UHPLC columns, there is an increase in efficiency and a decrease in the analysis time that are directly proportional to the size of the packing material. In order to realize and exploit the increase in efficiency, however, the columns must maintain lengths typically associated with analytical columns (15-25 cm). We have packed 1 mm diameter, 150 mm in length columns with 1.5 microm packing material, and evaluated their performance in UHPLC. The pressure required to achieve optimum linear velocities in plots of plate height versus linear velocity was in the vicinity of 1104 bar (16000 psi). The 1.5 microm particle-packed column was compared with the more traditional 150 mm long analytical columns packed with 3 microm materials. This column showed an efficiency that was approximately twice that observed with the 3 microm packed column and a concomitant reduction in the analysis time, theoretically predicted.     

Extraction techniques based on solid state and connected with liquid chromatography

Extraction methods applied in analysis of water samples can be named as liquid chromatography. Very often, these techniques are used as sample preparation method before another analytical method such gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. The subject of this review is to compare the extraction techniques of liquid samples and discuss their characteristics in comparison with liquid chromatography. Some new extraction techniques are described, and some characteristic parameters are compared.