磺酰胺为烷基化试剂高选择性合成多取代烯烃和2,3-二氢茚衍生物的方法

在质子酸H_2SO_4催化下,含β氢醇与磺酰胺反应可高选择性地得到三取代烯烃和2,3-二氢茚衍生物.含β氢醇酸性条件下脱水后与磺酰胺发生偶联,可以选择性地合成热力学稳定产物Z-多取代烯烃;两者发生[3+2]环加成反应,则可高选择性地得到2,3-二氢茚衍生物.     

钯催化烯烃的分子内氟芳基化反应（英文）

发展了一种钯催化的烯烃分子内氟芳基化反应,以Ar IF_2作为氟源和亲电试剂来活化烯烃,实现了4-芳基-1-丁烯的氟化关环反应,以中等到良好的收率得到氟芳基化产物.这类反应为从烯基芳烃出发合成氟代四氢萘和氟代色满提供了高效方法.     

磺酰氯与不饱和化合物的反应

磺酰氯是一类重要的有机合成中间体,广泛应用于有机和药物合成中。磺酰氯可以作为烯砜、磺酰基、次磺酰基、芳基、氟代烷基等的来源应用于多种有机合成反应中。本文综述了磺酰氯与烯烃、炔烃、(杂)芳香环、亚胺、卤代醛酮等不饱和化合物的反应,主要包括[2+2]环合反应、氯磺酰化、磺酰化、次磺酰化、芳基化和氟代烷基化等反应,并讨论和预测了磺酰氯与不饱和化合物反应今后的发展方向。     

钯催化烯丙基磺酰胺的分子内胺氟化反应

报道了钯催化的非活性烯烃的胺氟化反应,在酸性添加剂HOAc的作用下,反应以较好的收率和区域选择性地得到6-endo环合产物,实现了氟代的环状磺胺类产物的有效合成.     

对甲苯磺酰氟/双氧水/碱体系和烯烃环氧化反应的研究

研究了对甲苯磺酰氟和双氧水在碱性条件下原位生成对甲苯过氧磺酸和烯烃尤其是富电子烯烃的环氧化反应的情况. 该氧化体系能将位阻较小的富电子烯烃环氧化, 并以良好的得率给出环氧化产物; 对位阻较大的富电子烯烃, 只以中等得率生成了环氧化产物. 它也能将α,β-不饱和酮环氧化. 实验结果进一步拓展了磺酰氟试剂在有机合成化学中的应用.     

通过不对称多组分反应高效构建手性磺酰胺类化合物

手性磺酰胺类化合物在新型药物方面研究中占据越来越重要的地位.我们成功地实现了磺酰胺、芳基重氮乙酸酯以及亚胺的不对称三组分反应.此反应给出了高达85%产率,以及优异的非对映选择性（d.r.>20：1）和对映选择性（最高可达99%ee）,为高效构建具有两个手性碳的光学纯磺酰胺类化合物提供了一种快速合成方法.我们将反应放大到了克级规模,并对三组分产物进一步衍生得到一种具有三个手性中心的光学纯含亚砜亚胺骨架的五元环化合物.反应的选择性通过过渡金属与手性磷酸协同催化控制.     

新手性双-(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺基硫代缩酮基硅烷的合成及其不对称催化Diels-Alder反应

合成了数个新手性双-(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺基二硫代缩酮基硅路易斯酸2～4, 并研究了它们对环戊二烯和丙烯酸衍生物11a～11c的Diels-Alder反应的催化活性. 结果表明催化剂活性高, 环加成反应的产率高达89%～96%, 并且获得较高的非对映选择性和中等对映选择性, 当催化剂为2b时, 反应的对映选择性达到最高, 为48% ee.     

α''-取代磺酰基-α,β-不饱和酮的不对称催化环加成反应的研究

在手性金属钛配合物催化剂存在下，研究了α′－取代磺酰基－α，β－不饱和酮的不对称催化环加成反应；讨论了α，β－不饱和酮各种取代磺酰基对反应活性和对映选择性的影响；高收率地合成了高光学纯度的环加成产物，并对环加成产物的构型进行了鉴定。     

通过远端碳氮双键迁移实现非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应

利用自由基参与的官能团迁移策略实现了非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应.通过AgSCF₃和K₂S₂O₈相互作用产生的三氟甲硫基自由基与非活化烯烃反应,继而诱导远端含有碳氮双键官能团（杂芳基、亚胺）的分子内迁移,从而实现非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应.该转化具有反应条件温和、产物收率高、官能团兼容性广及区域选择性单一等特点,对具有不同电性和位阻的底物具有较好的适用性,高效构建了一系列含有三氟甲硫基的烷烃酮化合物.     

二取代烯基硼酸的氯化反应研究

由二取代烯基硼酸[4-substituted-1,2-oxaborol-2(5H)-ol]与N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(NCS)在甲醇中常温反应0.5 h,可以中等到良好的收率构型保持地合成得到取代的(Z)-3-氯烯丙醇,产物经1H NMR,13C NMR,FT-IR,MS和HRMS鉴定.通过该方法合成取代的(Z)-3-氯烯丙醇操作简便,反应条件温和,收率较高且反应构型能够得到保持.     

Nickel-catalyzed Negishi alkylations of styrenyl aziridines

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between N-sulfonyl aziridines and organozinc reagents is reported. The catalytic system comprises an inexpensive and air-stable Ni(II) source and dimethyl fumarate as ligand. Regioselective synthesis of β-substituted amines is possible under mild and functional-group-tolerant conditions. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is consistent with a stereoconvergent mechanism wherein the sulfonamide directs C-C bond formation.     

Tunable stereoselective alkene synthesis by treatment of activated imines with nonstabilized phosphonium ylides

A broad range of readily accessible N-sulfonyl imines undergo olefination reaction with nonstabilized phosphonium ylides under mild conditions to afford an array of both Z- and E-isomers of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, allylic alcohols, and allylic amines in good yields and with greater than 99 : 1 stereoselectivity.     

Three-component reaction between imidazoles,isocyanates, and cyanophenylacetylene: a short-cut to N-(Z)-alkenylimidazole-2-carboxamides

1-Substituted imidazoles, isocyanates, and cyanophenylacetylene react under mild (rt), non-catalytic solvent-free conditions to give (Z)-(2-cyano-1-phenylethenyl)imidazole-2-carboxamides in up to 72% yields and with ca. 100% stereoselectivity. The reaction starts from the initial formation of zwitterion/carbene intermediates captured by the isocyanate as the electrophile followed by migration of the alkenyl moiety from the N-3 atom to the anionic center at the carboxamide nitrogen. Thus, the reaction provides an easy access to a novel family of functionalized imidazoles.     

Stereoselective preparation of functionalized acyclic alkenylmagnesium reagents using i-PrMgCl.LiCl

Acyclic functionalized alkenyl iodides are converted with high stereoselectivity to the corresponding functionalized alkenylmagnesium derivatives by the reaction with i-PrMgCl.LiCl between -40 and -20 degrees C. Functional groups such as a nitrile, chloride, iodide, and ester are readily tolerated. The conversion of an alkenyl iodide bearing a keto group to the corresponding silylated cyanohydrin allows preparation of the corresponding Grignard reagent affording, after acylation and deprotection, unsaturated 1,4-diketones.     

A stereoselective palladium-catalyzed synthesis of amino alkenyl geminal bisphosphonates

The synthesis of amino alkenyl geminal bisphosphonates is carried out via the palladium-catalyzed ring opening of tetraethyl 2-vinyl-1,1-cyclopropane bisphosphonate 1 in the presence of a secondary amine at room temperature. The reaction proceeds with complete regio- and stereoselectivity.     

Unusual regioselectivity of Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of electron-deficient alkenyl halides with allenic/propargylic zinc reagents. Highly selective synthesis of 6-phenylhex-5-yn-2(or 3)-enoates/enitrile and 4-phenyl-6-substituted-hexa-2,4,5-trienoates

The Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of electron-deficient alkenyl halides with the organozinc formed by the subsequent treatment of 1-phenylalk-1-yne with n-BuLi and ZnBr2 with or without a catalytic amount of HgCl2 was studied. Both the allene-formation- and the alkyne-formation-type coupling reactions were observed with high regio- and stereoselectivity: the reaction of 1-phenylprop-1-yne afforded 6-phenylhex-5-yn-2(or 3)-enoates and -enitriles, while the reaction of 1-phenylhex-1-yne formed 4-phenyl-6-substituted-hexa-2,4,5-trienoates. A plausible explanation for the regioselectivity was discussed. The double bonds in 6-phenylhex-5-yn- 2-enoates were prone to migrate to the position conjugated with the carbon-carbon triple bonds to form 6-phenylhex-5-yn-3-enoates at higher temperature. The migration did not occur in absence of an excess amount of allenic/propargylic zinc reagent or at low temperature.     

Stereoselective preparation of 1-siloxy-1-alkenylcopper species by 1,2-Csp2-to-O silyl migration of acylsilanes

1-Siloxy-1-alkenylcopper species were generated by 1,2-Csp2-to-O silyl migration of the copper enolates of acyltriphenylsilanes. The alkenylcopper species reacted with methyl, benzyl, allylic, and tributylstannyl halides to give geometrically pure (Z)-enol silyl ethers. In the presence of Pd(0) catalyst, the cross-coupling of the alkenyl copper species with aryl and alkenyl iodides also proceeded to give the (Z)-enol silyl ethers with high stereoselectivity.     

[8+2] and [8+3] Cyclization Reactions of Alkenyl Carbenes and 8‐Azaheptafulvenes: Direct Access to Tetrahydro‐1‐azaazulene and Cyclohepta[b]pyridinone Derivatives

The reactivity of Fischer alkenyl carbenes toward 8‐azaheptafulvenes is examined. Alkenyl carbenes react with 8‐azaheptafulvenes with complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity through formal [8+3] and [8+2] heterocyclization reactions, which show an unprecedented dependence on the C_β substituent at the alkenyl carbene complex. Thus, the formal [8+3] heterocyclization reaction is completely favored in carbene complexes that bear a coordinating moiety to give tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]pyridin‐2‐ones. Otherwise, alkenyl carbenes that lack appropriate coordinating groups undergo a formal [8+2] cyclization with 8‐azaheptafulvenes to give compounds that bear a tetrahydroazaazulene structure. A likely mechanism for these reactions would follow well‐established models and would involve a 1,4‐addition/cyclization in the case of the [8+2] cyclization or a 1,2‐addition/[1,2] shift–metal‐promoted cyclization for the [8+3] reaction. The presence of a coordinating moiety in the carbene would favor the [1,2] metal shift through transition‐state stabilization to lead to the [8+3] product. All these processes provide an entry into the tetrahydroazaazulene and cycloheptapyridone frameworks present in the structure of biologically active molecules.     

Application of furanyl carbamate cycloadditions toward the synthesis of hexahydroindolinone alkaloids

A convenient synthesis of various substituted hexahydroindolinones has been achieved by an intramolecular Diels--Alder cycloaddition reaction (IMDAF) of furanyl carbamates bearing tethered alkenyl groups. The initially formed [4 + 2]-cycloadduct undergoes nitrogen-assisted ring opening followed by deprotonation of the resulting zwitterion to give the rearranged ketone. The stereochemical outcome of the IMDAF cycloaddition has the sidearm of the tethered alkenyl group oriented syn with respect to the oxygen bridge. A synthetic route to (+/-)-mesembrane and (+/-)-crinane was accomplished using this methodology. It was possible to carry out a stereoselective reduction of the initially formed hexahydroindolinone ring to produce the cis-3a-aryl-hydroindole skeleton. A related [4 + 2]-cycloaddition/rearrangement sequence was also used for a formal synthesis of the Chinese ornamental orchid (+/-)-dendrobine. The tricyclic alkaloid core was formed stereoselectivity from the thermolysis of N-[(2-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl)methyl]-N-(4-isopropyl-furan-2-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. Kende's advanced intermediate 33 was prepared in seven additional steps by standard transformations, thereby completing a formal synthesis of (+/-)-dendrobine.     

Controlling Selectivity in Shuttle Hetero-difunctionalization Reactions: Electrochemical Transfer Halo-thiolation of Alkynes

Shuttle hetero-difunctionalization reaction, in which two chemically distinct functional groups are transferred between two molecules, has long been an unmet goal due to the daunting challenges in controlling the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Herein, we disclose an electrochemistry enabled shuttle reaction (e-shuttle) to selectively transfer one RS⁻ and one X⁻ group between β-halosulfides and unsaturated hydrocarbons via a consecutive paired electrolysis mechanism. The preferential anodic oxidation of one anion over the other, which is controlled by their distinct redox potentials, plays a pivotal role in controlling the high chemoselectivity of the process. This easily scalable methodology enables the construction of a myriad of densely functionalized β-halo alkenyl sulfides in unprecedented chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity using benign surrogates, e.g., 2-bromoethyl sulfide, avoiding the handling of corrosive and oxidative RS–Br reagents. In a broader context, these results open up new strategies for selective shuttle difunctionalization reactions.