空心针-板电极大气压氩气辉光放电的特性研究

大气压均匀放电等离子体在工业领域具有非常广泛的应用前景,它是利用直流电源激励的空心针-板放电装置,以氩气为工作气体在大气压空气中产生均匀稳定的放电。对氩气流量和气隙间距对辉光放电发光特性的关系进行了研究,结果表明放电所产生的等离子体柱连接两个电极,发光较为均匀(观察不到放电丝)。在板电极附近放电等离子体柱直径最大,最大直径随着电流和气流的增大而增大。放电伏安特性研究发现,与低气压辉光放电相类似,两电极间的电压随着电流的增大而减小,并且随气流和气隙间距的增大而增大。对该大气压直流均匀放电在扫描范围为330～450 nm的光学发射光谱进行分析,获得了放电等离子体的分子振动温度和谱线强度比I_391.4/I_337.1随氩气流量和气隙间距的变化关系。I_391.4/I_337.1均随流量和气隙间距的增大而降低。对等离子体柱的I_391.4/I_337.1沿气流方向(等离子体柱轴向)进行了空间分辨测量,并进行了定性分析,结果表明,振动温度及电子平均能量随着远离空心针口距离的增大而增大。这些结果对大气压辉光放电在工业中的应用具有重要意义。     

直流大气压辉光放电高能电子密度的空间分布

利用针阴极和水阳极,在6 mm的空气隙产生了大气压空气辉光放电。该大气压辉光放电具有明显的负辉区、正柱区和阳极辉区等明亮的发光区。通过研究放电的电压电流特性,发现该放电处于亚辉光放电到正常辉光放电阶段。由于氮分子第二正带系337.1 nm的光谱强度反映高能电子密度,对337.1 nm谱线的强度进行了空间分辨测量。结果发现高能电子在针尖附近密度最大,而其他区域相差不多。随电压升高,高能电子密度减少。增大限流电阻,高能电子密度也减少。氧原子对杀菌消毒具有重要作用,利用发射光谱法对氧原子谱线强度的空间分布进行了测量,发现氧原子谱线强度与高能电子的空间分布及其随参数的变化关系一致。     

空气介质阻挡放电不同放电模式的光谱特性

采用光谱方法,研究了空气介质阻挡放电中流光向类辉光转变时电子能量的变化。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线,测量了氮分子(C3Π_u)的振动温度。通过考察氮分子离子391.4 nm谱线强度与氮分子337.1 nm谱线强度之比,研究了电子平均能量的变化。结果表明,流光向类辉光转变时,氮分子(C3Π_u)的振动温度激增,氮分子离子391.4 nm相对谱线强度突增,表明类辉光放电模式中电子能量比流光放电模式中电子能量高很多。实验还发现,气隙间距不同,这两种放电模式转变所对应的转变气压不同,但转变气压与气隙间距的乘积值保持不变。     

光谱学方法研究介质阻挡沿面放电辉光模式的电场分布

利用介质阻挡沿面放电装置,在低气压空气中实现了辉光放电模式。利用光电倍增管对放电发光信号进行检测,发现外加电压每半周期出现一个发光脉冲,并且正负半周期的光脉冲是不对称的。利用Photoshop软件处理放电的照片,研究发现平行于高压电极不同位置的发光强度基本相同,然而距离高压电极越远,发光强度减小。放电中总电场由外加电场和电介质积累的壁电荷电场共同决定,确定该电场具有重要意义。通过分析放电的发射光谱中N+₂(B 2Σ+_u→X 2Σ+_g)谱线391.4 nm和N₂的第二正带系(C 3Π_u→B 3Π_g)谱线337.1 nm的比值,可以定性地说明电场的分布。研究发现电场在高压电极附近较大而远离高压电极处较小。这些研究结果对沿面放电的数值模拟和工业应用具有重要的价值。     

单针与针-板喷枪放电特性的比较研究

通过光学与电学测量,对大气压氩气中运行的单针喷枪和针-板喷枪的放电特性进行了研究。结果表明两种喷枪产生等离子体的长度和截面积都随着外加电压峰值(U_p)的增大而增大。相同U_p下针-板喷枪等离子体截面积比单针喷枪大。相同U_p下针-板喷枪放电的外加电压比单针喷枪的低。通过采集两种喷枪放电的发射光谱,对其等离子体的电子温度和振动温度进行了比较。结果发现两种喷枪的电子温度和振动温度均随着U_p的增大而增大,且相同电压下针-板喷枪的温度高于单针喷枪。研究结果对大气压等离子体喷枪的工业应用具有重要价值。     

发射光谱研究多针对板正电晕放电形貌

利用光学发射光谱(OES)法检测N₂发射光谱,研究了常压下多针对板正电晕放电中辉光放电和击穿流光放电的高能电子分布,并与相同电极结构下负电晕放电进行了比较。根据N₂第二正态激发谱峰I_SPB在空间的分布,较精确地确定了辉光放电电离区形貌和击穿流光放电电通道形貌,体积分辉光放电中I_SPB获知I_SPB与放电电流I之间的关系。辉光放电中,电离区范围和I_SPB比负电晕放电小,电子雪崩沿针径向比沿轴向发展范围大;随着U升高,电离区范围只沿针轴向小幅度增大;I_SPB的积分值与I近似成二阶线性关系。击穿流光放电中,针板之间形成放电通道;针尖周围I_SPB较强的区域成“子弹状”,距离针尖较远的放电通道内高能电子密度沿针轴向分布比较均匀,沿针径向先略有增大后减小。     

压强对空气/氩气介质阻挡放电中等离子体温度的影响

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体放电中,利用发射光谱法,研究了电子激发温度和分子振动温度随气体压强的变化关系。通过氩原子763.51 nm(2P₆→1S₅)和772.42 nm(2P₆→1S₃)两条谱线强度比法计算电子激发温度;通过氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线计算氮分子的振动温度;对氮分子离子391.4 nm和激发态的氮分子337.1 nm两条发射谱线的相对强度进行了测量,以进一步研究电子能量的变化。实验表明,随着压强从20 kPa增大到60 kPa, 电子激发温度减小,分子振动温度减小, 氮分子离子谱线与激发态的氮分子谱线强度之比减小。     

甲状腺癌转移性淋巴结的红外光谱研究

联合运用衰减全反射(attenuated total reflectance,ATR)探头与FTIR光谱仪,测定了新鲜离体的甲状腺癌转移性颈部淋巴结20枚和非转移性淋巴结69枚的FTIR光谱,比较两组光谱13个谱带的峰位及相对峰强等28个指标,找出甲状腺癌转移性淋巴结光谱的特征。与非转移性淋巴结相比,转移性淋巴结光谱中与蛋白、脂质、糖类、核酸相关的谱带均发生了明显的变化,具体如下：(1)与蛋白质相关的谱带的相对峰强I_{3 280}/I1 460(P=0.029),I_{1 640}/I_{1 460}(P=0.019),I_{1 546}/I_{1 460}(P=0.004)均显著升高;(2)脂类相关的相对峰强I_{1 743}/I_{1 460}显著降低(P=0.026),而I_{1 400}/I_{14 60}则明显增高(P=0.001);(3)与糖类相关的1 165与1 120 cm-1处峰位P_{1 165}(P=0.019),P_{1 120}(P=0.000)发生明显蓝移(向高波数移动),相对峰强I1 165/I_{1 460}显著降低(P=0.006);(4)与核酸相关的1 085 cm-1处峰位P_{1 085}发生明显地红移(向低波数移动)(P=0.029);(5)其他指认未明的谱带的相对峰强I_{1 303}/I_{1 460}(P=0.008),I_{1 303}/I1 240(P=0.039)均明显升高。与非转移性淋巴结光谱相比较,甲癌转移的淋巴结光谱在多个谱带的峰位或相对峰强方面存在显著的差异。FTIR可应用于术中甲状腺癌转移性淋巴结的探测。     

交流单针-板介质阻挡放电等离子参数空间分布研究

通过氩气和空气中交流针-板介质阻挡放电的光谱,研究了在外加电压正半周流注放电的等离子发光强度、谱线宽度、电场强度在放电通道内从针到板的空间分布情况,分析了介质板的存在对等离子参量空间分布的影响。通过对氩气放电光谱中763nm和772nm两条谱线强度研究发现,沿着放电通道从针到板等离子发光强度在针尖附近先增大后减小,在平板电极附近又迅速增大。通过研究氩气放电中696.54nm谱线的展宽发现,谱线宽度在平板电极附近最大。通过空气放电光谱中氮分子离子线(391.4nm)和氮分子谱线(394nm)的强度比,计算了放电通道中电场强度的分布,发现沿着放电通道从针到板电场强度先减小后增大。研究发现,介质板的存在对于放电等离子参数的空间分布有着重要影响。     

大面积氮气均匀介质阻挡放电发射光谱研究

采用板-板式电极结构在大气压氮气中成功地获得了具有工业应用前景的大面积均匀介质阻挡放电等离子体。利用发射光谱技术测量了N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g 0-0 391.4 nm)的发射光谱,并研究了应用电压和驱动频率对N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g 0-0 391.4 nm)发射光谱强度的影响。结果表明,当应用电压小于6 kV时,N₂(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)和N₂+(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+ _g0-0 391.4 nm)的发射光谱强度随应用电压增大变化较小,进一步升高应用电压时,等离子体发射光谱强度陡然增强。本文还讨论了激发态N+₂(B2Σ+_u)离子在纯N₂和He+N₂混合气体中介质阻挡大气压均匀介质阻挡放电下的主要产生机制。     

Glow Discharge Characteristics of Hollow Needle-Plate Electrode in Atmospheric Pressure ArgonSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Atmosphere pressure uniform plasma has the broad application prospect in the industrial field. Using hollow needle cathode - plate anode device excited by direct-current voltage, a uniform and stable glow discharge is generated at atmospheric pressure in ambient air with argon used as working gas. The influence of the experimental parameters (including gas flow rate and the gas gap width) on discharge has been investigated by optical method. It can be found that a glow-discharge plasma column can bridge the two electrodes. The plasma column is uniform, and no filaments can be discerned. Near the plate electrode, the diameter of the plasma column is largest of all positions. The maximal diameter of the plasma column increases with increasing the discharge current or the gas flow rate. Through electrical method, the voltage-current characteristic has been investigated. It has been found that the discharge voltage decreases with increasing the current which is similar with the characteristic of glow discharge in low pressure. It increases with increasing the gas gap width or the gas flow rate. By analyzing the optical emission spectrum scanning from 330 to 450 nm emitted from the direct-current glow discharge, the molecular vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 have been investigated as functions of the gas flow rate and gas gap width. Results indicate that both the vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 decrease with increasing the gas flow rate or the gas gap width. In addition, the molecular vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 have been investigated in spatial resolution along the direction of gas flow(plasma column axial), and give a qualitative analysis as well. It is found that the vibrational temperature and the average electron energy increase with increasing the distance from the hollow needle cathode. These results are important to the industrial applications of glow discharge.     

Study on the transition from filamentary discharge to diffuse discharge by using a dielectric barrier surface discharge device

Discharge characteristics have been investigated in different gases under different pressures using a dielectric barrier surface discharge device. Electrical measurements and optical emission spectroscopy are used to study the discharge, and the results obtained show that the discharges in atmospheric pressure helium and in low-pressure air are diffuse, while that in high-pressure air is filamentary. With decreasing pressure, the discharge in air can transit from filamentary to diffuse one. The results also indicate that corona discharge around the stripe electrode is important for the diffuse discharge. The spectral intensity of N电介质 表面放电 扩散放电 发射光谱学dielectric barrier surface discharge, diffuse discharge, optical emission spectroscopyProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10575027 and 10647123), the National Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No A2007000134), the Education Department of Hebei Province, China (Grant No 2006106),2006-10-24Discharge characteristics have been investigated in different gases under different pressures using a dielectric barrier surface discharge device. Electrical measurements and optical emission spectroscopy are used to study the discharge, and the results obtained show that the discharges in atmospheric pressure helium and in low-pressure air are diffuse, while that in high-pressure air is filamentary. With decreasing pressure, the discharge in air can transit from filamentary to diffuse one. The results also indicate that corona discharge around the stripe electrode is important for the diffuse discharge. The spectral intensity of N＋ （391.4nm） relative to N2 （337.1 nm） is measured during the transition from diffuse to filamentary discharge. It is shown that relative spectral intensity increases during the discharge transition. This phenomenon implies that the averaged electron energy in diffuse discharge is higher than that in the filamentary discharge.     

Characteristics of a large gap uniform discharge excited by DC voltage at atmospheric pressure

A large-gap uniform discharge is ignited by a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge and burns between a needle anode and a plate cathode under a low sustaining voltage by feeding with flowing argon. The basic aspects of the large-gap uniform discharge are investigated by optical and spectroscopic methods. From the discharge images, it can be found that this discharge has similar regions with glow discharge at low pressure except a plasma plume region. Light emission signals from the discharge indicate that the plasma column is invariant with time, while there are some stochastic pulses in the plasma plume region. The optical emission spectra scanning from 300 nm to 800 nm are used to calculate the excited electron temperature and vibrational temperature of the large-gap uniform discharge. It has been found that the excited electron temperature almost keeps constant and the vibrational temperature increases with increasing discharge current.Both of them decreases with increasing gas flow rate.     

大气压介质阻挡放电的光谱研究

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,分别在大气压空气和氦气中实现了稳定的高气压放电。通过水电极观察两种气体的放电,发现大气压空气中放电为空间随机分布的微放电丝,等离子体是不均匀的,而在氦气中放电没有微放电丝,空间分布比较均匀。比较而言,这种均匀放电产生的等离子体具有更广泛的工业应用前景。对两种气体中放电的电流波形进行了比较,发现空气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上是随机出现的而氦气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上具有周期性,并且空气中放电脉冲宽度约为几十ns而氦气中放电的电流持续时间较长,脉冲宽度大约为1μs。文章还对两种气体中介质阻挡放电发射光谱进行了研究,结果表明大气压氦气中均匀放电的N+₂(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g)谱线391.4nm很强而在大气压空气放电中此光谱线很弱。这些研究结果对高气压条件下均匀放电的实现和大气压辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

Characteristics of a glow discharge in atmospheric pressure air over the water surface

The current-voltage characteristics, the amount of cathode fall, and the spectra of plasma radiation from different spatial domains are presented versus the molecular band intensity of products arising in an atmospheric-pressure air glow discharge over the distilled water surface. The plasma electron temperature is also reported. The distance to a liquid cathode or anode is varied from 1 to 10 mm at a discharge mean current of 10–36 mA.     

大面积沿面放电等离子体温度的光谱研究

设计了水电极放电装置,在空气/氩气混合气体中实现了大面积沿面放电。采用发射光谱法,对分子振动温度、电子平均能量和电子激发温度等随气压的变化进行了研究。根据氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线计算出氮分子的振动温度;使用Ar 763.51 nm(2P₆→1S₅)和772.42 nm(2P₂→1S₃)的两条发射谱线的强度比得到电子激发温度;通过氮分子离子391.4 nm和氮分子337.1 nm两条发射谱线的相对强度之比得出了电子的平均能量的变化。实验研究了发射光谱随气压的变化,发现其强度随着气压的增加而增强,且其整个轮廓和谱线强度之比也发生变化。随着气压从0.75×105Pa升高到1×105Pa,分子振动温度、电子激发温度和电子能量均呈下降趋势。