g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂的合成及其光催化活性研究

以g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4为主要原料,用高温水热法合成出BiVO4/g-C_3N_4复合催化剂。采用X-射线衍射(PXRD)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis),对复合催化剂BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4的结构进行表征。在可见光下,考察此复合催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解性能。研究发现,复合催化剂具有g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4结构特征,在X-射线衍射峰上显示出轻微的宽化,质量比为10%的BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4光催化剂降解活性最好,其降解率在360分钟能达到70.6%。     

双金属掺杂氮化碳光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,以硝酸铁和硝酸钴为原料,采用热解法制备双金属掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),对其进行傅立叶红外衍射光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射光谱(XRD),氮气吸附-脱附图谱和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)等表征。结果显示,掺杂双金属并没有改变g-C_3N_4的晶体结构,且增加了g-C_3N_4的比表面积。在可见光下以罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究了双金属不同掺杂比例的g-C_3N_4的光催化降解性能。结果表明,当m(Fe(NO_3)_3∶m(Co(NO_3)_2)=8∶1,总质量为0. 01g时,120 min对罗丹明B的降解率达到89. 2%,是纯氮化碳的2倍。由反应动力学可得,其反应速率常数也达到纯g-C_3N_4的7倍。重复实验观察到催化剂具有较高的稳定性。     

BiPO4/g-C3N4二元催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

本研究通过一步搅拌法制备了BiPO_4/g-C_3N_4二元催化剂,以活性蓝19(RB19)为目标污染物,研究了其在可见光下的催化降解性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征了催化剂的物化性质。结果表明:BiPO_4成功附着到g-C_3N_4上,并且分散效果较好,BiPO_4的掺入使g-C_3N_4的带隙变窄,提高了g-C_3N_4的可见光利用率,延长了光生电子-空穴对的寿命。最后通过分析推测出可能的光催化降解机理。     

浓硫酸法快速制备质子化g-C_3N_4纳米带及其紫外光催化降解有机染料研究

利用浓H_2SO_4(质量分数98%)强的质子化作用与水合放热效应,实现了石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)在浓H_2SO_4中的快速剥离,制备了经浓H_2SO_4质子化改性的g-C_3N_4(g-C_3N_4-H_2SO_4)纳米带.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等对样品进行了表征分析.结果表明,所制备的g-C_3N_4纳米带与浓H_2SO_4发生了明显的质子化作用.相比体相g-C_3N_4,g-C_3N_4-H_2SO_4纳米带禁带宽度明显增大,光生电子-空穴对复合率有效降低.以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了g-C_3N_4-H_2SO_4纳米带在紫外光下的光催化活性,结果表明,g-C_3N_4-H_2SO_4纳米带在2 h内对水溶液中MB的降解率可接近100%,紫外光催化性能明显优于体相g-C_3N_4.     

H_2O_2强化g-C_3N_4可见光电催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

通过高温液相生长法在氧化铟锡玻璃上构筑了g-C_3N_4薄膜电极,该电极作为阳极在H_2O_2辅助作用下光电催化降解亚甲基蓝.研究结果表明,g-C_3N_4与H_2O_2在可见光下存在协同作用;在外加电压1.5 V,50 mmol L-1H_2O_2条件下,亚甲基蓝的降解率在2 h内由35.92%提高至53.43%.系统研究了H_2O_2浓度、外加电压、初始p H对亚甲基蓝降解的影响.采用电子顺磁共振自旋捕捉技术和自由基猝灭实验等方法证实了·O2-和·OH为光电催化过程中的主要氧化物种,提出了可能的催化反应机理,在外加H_2O_2条件下,g-C_3N_4受可见光激发生成的光生电子被O2或H_2O_2捕获,最终生成·OH,从而将有机染料降解.g-C_3N_4薄膜电极表现出较高的稳定性.     

Bi_2MoO_6修饰提升g-C_3N_4光催化降解罗丹明B性能

本文通过水热法合成球状Bi_2MoO_6,采用热处理法复合Bi_2MoO6和g-C_3N_4,制备出不同质量比例的g-C_3N_4/Bi_2MoO_6复合型光催化剂.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、光致发光光谱仪等技术对所制备的光催化剂进行基本物性表征,分析了样品的微观结构、尺寸形貌和光学性质.g-C_3N_4与Bi_2MoO_6之间理想匹配的能带结构促进了光生载流子转移,进而提升光生电子和空穴的分离率,达到提高光催化活性的目的.g-C_3N_4/Bi_2MoO_6复合材料在可见光下展现出对罗丹明B高效的降解活性,其中Bi_2MoO_6与g-C_3N_4质量比为10%时展示出最佳的光催化降解性能,其降解速率分别为纯g-C_3N_4和Bi_2MoO_6的6.5和3.3倍.     

多孔超薄g-C_3N_4纳米片负载Pt复合材料的制备及其光催化性能（英文）

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,通过热氧化刻蚀法制备多孔超薄g-C_3N_4纳米片(CNHS),将其与氯铂酸钾溶液混合后采用原位光化学还原法成功制备了CNHS负载Pt光催化剂(Pt-CNHS)。使用粉末X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱和N_2吸附-脱附测试等技术对所制备样品的结构、形貌、光吸收特性、光电化学性能和比表面积等进行系统分析。并以气相甲苯为目标降解物,研究其光催化性能。结果表明,相对于体相g-C_3N_4(CNB)和CNHS,Pt的引入可以有效增强催化剂对可见光的吸收能力、响应范围及载流子分离效率。与纯g-C_3N_4和CNHS相比,Pt-CNHS在紫外和可见光照射下均表现出更高的光催化降解气相甲苯的活性。此外,也对Pt-CNHS光催化剂在可见光照射下降解气相甲苯的反应历程做了初步研究。     

g-C_3N_4/BiOBr异质结光催化剂的制备与可见光催化活性

以三聚氰胺作为合成g-C_3N_4纳米片的前躯体,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和KBr作为合成BiOBr的原料,采用水热法构建g-C_3N_4/Bi OBr二维异质结可见光催化剂,有效的晶面复合和合适的能带组合有助于增强g-C_3N_4和BiOBr的可见光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVvis DRS)等方法表征其结构、光学性质以及组成结构。在可见光(λ420 nm)下以光催化降解RhB来评价合成催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明,g-C_3N_4/BiOBr光催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的效率高于单体g-C_3N_4和BiOBr,并对g-C_3N_4/BiOBr增强可见光催化RhB机理进行解释。     

碳纳米管改性g-C3N4提升可见光催化降解性能

以尿素为原料,引入少量的多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性,采用简便方法制备CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer)、荧光光谱(PL)等手段对CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂进行表征。结果表明,g-C_3N_4与CNT之间的协同作用,影响了gC_3N_4的能带结构,增强了其对可见光的吸收,改善了光生载流子的分布,提高了电子-空穴对的分离效率。并以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液模拟废水,在可见光下考察催化剂的光催化降解性能,发现当CNT掺杂量为0.1%(w/w)时效果最佳,降解速率常数是体相g-C_3N_4的3.1倍,且研究发现超氧自由基是该体系下的主要活性物种。     

高效可见光响应Zn_(0.11)Sn_(0.12)Cd_(0.84)S_(1.12)/g-C_3N_4异质结光催化剂的制备及性能

以双氰胺、醋酸锌、四氯化锡、醋酸镉和硫化钠为原料,采用水热法制备了三元金属复合硫化物Zn_(0.11)Sn_(0.12)Cd_(0.84)S_(1.12)(ZnSnCdS)及一系列异质结催化剂ZnSnCdS/g-C_3N_4.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,ZnSnCdS与g-C_3N_4之间以C—S键紧密结合,构筑了异质结,促进了界面电荷迁移,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合.可见光下降解染料罗丹明B(RhB)的结果表明,ZnSnCdS/g-C_3N_4异质结催化剂的光催化性能与单纯g-C_3N_4,ZnSnCdS及双组分硫化物/g-C3N4异质结催化剂相比均有大幅度提高,ZnSnCdS与g-C3N4质量比为4∶1时异质结催化剂表现出最大的速率常数(0.1508 min-1),是单纯g-C_3N_4和ZnSnCdS的32.3倍和4.9倍.其它三元金属复合硫化物如ZnMoCdS,MoNiCdS和NiSnCdS与g-C_3N_4之间也能有效形成异质结,促进电子-空穴对的分离和催化性能的提升.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.