基于多孔石墨化碳柱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱解析甜菜果胶精细结构

采用高温酸法提取甜菜果胶(SBP), 经强阴离子交换柱层析分离, 获得甜菜果胶水洗脱组分(SBPW)和盐洗脱组分(SBP3). 单糖组成分析和分子量表征结果表明, SBPW主要由半乳糖(Gal)、 阿拉伯糖(Ara)和半乳糖醛酸(GalA)组成, 分子量为1100； SBP3则以GalA为主, 分子量为41450. 通过顺序酶法降解, 应用多孔石墨化碳柱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(PGC-Triple-Tof MS)联用技术分析鉴定了SBPW和SBP3寡糖的精细结构. 结果表明, SPBW的主链为[→4)-α-GalA-(1→2)-α-Rha-(1→]重复单元构成的Ⅰ型聚鼠李半乳糖醛酸(RG-Ⅰ果胶), 鼠李糖O-4位被中性糖侧链[α-(1→5)阿拉伯聚糖和β-(1→4)半乳聚糖]所取代. SBP3由α-1,4链接的聚半乳糖醛酸(HG)和RG-Ⅰ构成, HG和RG-Ⅰ通过α-1,4糖苷键直接相连, 并发现了α-GalA(1→2)α-Rha(1→4)α-Rha(1→4)α-GalA(1→2)α-Rha的新特征结构.     

苧麻果胶及半纤维素糖基组成的研究

苧麻用草酸铵抽提果胶,用氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠抽提半纤维素。果胶和半纤维素水解成单糖,再制备成糖腈乙酰酯和二硫缩醛硅烷化衍生物,作气相色谱分析,研究其糖基组成。实验结果表明,苧麻果胶糖基以半乳糖醛酸及半乳糖醛酸甲酯为主,其次为鼠李糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖,还有少量的岩藻糖、葡萄糖和木糖等。苧麻半纤维素中存在着葡萄甘露聚糖和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖等多糖,前者糖基组成以葡萄糖和甘露糖为主,后者则以鼠李糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸为主,它与果胶的糖基组成相似,但中性糖基占主要成份,用草酸铵难以将其抽出,用碱抽提则比葡萄甘露聚糖容易。     

HPLC衍生化法分析决明子多糖水解产物中单糖组分及其多糖组成特征的研究

分别利用分光光度法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化/HPLC法分析了12批不同批次药材的决明子多糖及其水解产物中的单糖组分,以水解的单糖组分建立了决明子多糖的HPLC指纹图谱,并研究了决明子多糖的组成特征。结果表明,经过纯化的决明子多糖含量在93.41%~98.57%之间,以甘露糖为参照峰建立了12批药材的指纹图谱,相似度在0.963~0.999之间,多糖水解产物中单糖组分的含量在1.617~304.5 mg/g之间,7个共有峰组分含量大小分布均依次为:甘露糖木糖半乳糖葡萄糖阿拉伯糖葡萄糖醛酸氨基半乳糖,显示了决明子多糖的基本组成结构特征,12批药材的决明子多糖中各单糖的平均摩尔比为甘露糖∶木糖∶半乳糖∶葡萄糖∶阿拉伯糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶氨基半乳糖=43.0∶24.2∶15.4∶5.6∶5.5∶3.4∶2.9。指纹图谱相似度分析和多糖的组成特征分析对市售药材的分析鉴定结果一致,可作为决明子多糖结构分析及其质量控制的依据。     

防风多糖化学成分的研究

从中药防风Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz．）Schichk中分离得到两种酸性杂多糖SPSa和SPSb,经凝胶渗透色谱证实为均一组分．UV-Vis光谱证实两种多糖中不含蛋白质．采用薄层色谱和毛细管电泳色谱确定了SPSa和SPSb中单糖的组成及摩尔比,SPSa：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：2．3：0．15：4．8;SPSb：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：木糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：1．5：0．8：0．2：10．2．采用IR光谱对多糖进行了初步结构研究．与现有的防风多糖的组成相比较,确定出SPSa和SPSb为新的防风多糖．     

柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法分析缅甸刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成

利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法,优化10种常见单糖的色谱分离条件,并用于不同等级的自制刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成分析.对自制刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成分析结果表明,自制刺梧桐胶多糖由葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、鼠李糖(Rha)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、半乳糖(Gal)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和岩藻糖...     

高效液相色谱法测定烟草中淀粉和果胶含量

烟草中的淀粉和果胶用盐酸水解,水解产生的葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸以Waters Sugar Pak Ⅰ钙型阳离子交换柱为固定相,0．05 g·L-1 EDTA钙钠溶液为流动相进行分离,示差折光检测器检测葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸的含量。由葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸含量换算为淀粉和果胶含量。方法检出限为葡萄糖2．0 mg·L-1、半乳糖醛酸1．0 mg·L-1,方法用于几种烟草样品中淀粉和果胶含量的测定,结果的相对标准偏差为1．4％-1．8％,标准回收率在96％-105％之间。     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析当归多糖的单糖组成

采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,建立了9种常见单糖的分离模式,并成功地用于当归多糖的单糖组成分析,具有良好的重复性。结果表明,当归多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖及阿拉伯糖7种单糖组成,其摩尔比为0．57：1．00：0．13：3．06：8．16：7．17：12．69。该HPLC方法是简单、快速、灵敏、方便的分析技术,可用于当归多糖的质量控制。     

白骨壤酸性果胶多糖HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ的结构分析

以分离纯化得到的白骨壤酸性多糖HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ为研究对象, 采用高碘酸氧化-Smith降解、部分酸水解以及甲基化分析等技术对该多糖的结构进行分析. 结果表明, HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ为典型的鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖I 型酸性果胶类多糖, 主链骨架包括: 1,4-连接的α-D-GalpA构成的无分支的半乳糖醛酸聚糖(光滑区)和通过α-D-GalpA的O4位与1,2-和1,2,4-L-Rhap的O2交替相连构成的含有较多分支的鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖(毛发区). 由T-、1,6-、1,3,6-、1,4-、1,4,6-D-Galp和T-、1,2-、1,3-、1,5-、1,2,5-、1,3,5-Aaraf聚合成的AGⅠ型阿拉伯半乳聚糖、AGⅡ型阿拉伯半乳聚糖、半乳聚糖以及阿拉伯聚糖, 构成了HAM-3-Ⅱb-Ⅱ的侧链部分, 通过Rha残基的O4位与主链相连.     

白芷多糖的分析

研究了白芷多糖的结构和单糖组成。采用紫外光谱和红外光谱法对白芷多糖进行定性分析。结果表明,白芷多糖具有多糖特征性的紫外和红外吸收峰,其分子中存在酰胺结构;凝胶渗透色谱法测定结果表明,白芷多糖的峰值分子量为88538;采用气相色谱法测定白芷多糖中单糖的种类和构成比例,结果表明,白芷多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等7种单糖组成,并计算出其中6种单糖的摩尔组成比例。     

虎舌红多糖的分离纯化与性质研究

采用水提醇沉法提取虎舌红多糖,经DEAE-C32柱层析分离,Sephadex G-200进一步纯化,得到AⅠ和AⅡ二种虎舌红多糖,Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤法表明,AⅠ组分为均一组分,其相对分子质量为2.76×104,借助气相色谱技术,研究了粗多糖和AⅠ组分的单糖组成.     

Characterization of acrylic dental polymers

The chemical structure and the molecular parameters of four dental acrylic polymer materials (samples P-1 to P-4) and two polyacrylic acids of different molecular weight (relative molecular mass) used as model compounds (samples Paa-1 and Paa-2) were studied and correlated with polymer structure and molecular weight. All polymer samples show low molecular weights, MW, and broad poly-dispersity as obtained by GPC. Samples P-3 and P-4 show the lower MW and bi-modal distribution, one peak corresponding to the polymer and the other to a low molecular weight compound at a lower concentration. The other polymer samples show unimodal distribution. Initially, all samples were soluble in water and dioxane above 99.8%. However, after lyophilization at −50 °C they showed different degrees of solubility because of partial gelation. The FTIR and, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectra of Paa-1, Paa-2 in D₂O show the pattern characteristic of poly(acrylic acid). The polymers of P-1 and P-2 are mainly poly(acrylic acid). The P-3 spectra show the peak pattern for an (acrylic acid/methyl acrylate) copolymer of about 2:1 composition as calculated from the NMR spectra. The P-4 is an oligomer derived from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Solid ¹³C-NMR spectra confirm the above structures and evidence anhydride formation after lyophilization. The MW and the linear expansion coefficient, α, were derived from intrinsic viscosity in theta and perturbed conditions. From this, the steric hindrance parameter, A, the molecular stiffness, σ, and the second virial coefficient, A₂, were calculated using different thermodynamic models. The Flory-Fox-Shafgagen and the Stockmayer-Fixman models fit better the experimental data and can be used to describe the molecular parameters of the acrylic polymers. Light scattering was used to compare results.     

主链型聚氨酯光动力高分子的合成与表征

合成了一种主链含推拉电子型偶氮苯基团的聚氨酯光动力高分子 .对聚合物的结构、热性能及光学性能进行了表征 .此聚合物为主链含假芪型偶氮生色团的无定形高分子 .用 4 88nmAr+ 激光对聚合物薄膜进行光加工 ,得到了规则的正弦表面起伏光栅 ,其起伏深度大于 2 0 0nm .光栅的一级衍射效率可达 2 4 % .     

Physicochemical,Thermal and Rheological Properties of Pectin Extracted from Sugar Beet Pulp Using Subcritical Water Extraction Process

The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water (SWE) as compared to conventional extraction (CE). The research involved advanced modeling using response surface methodology and optimization of operational parameters. The optimal conditions for maximum yield of pectin for SWE and CE methods were determined by the central composite design. The optimum conditions of CE were the temperature of 90 °C, time of 240 min, pH of 1, and pectin recovery yield of 20.8%. The optimal SWE conditions were liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 30% (v/w) at temperature of 130 °C for 20 min, which resulted in a comparable yield of 20.7%. The effect of obtained pectins on viscoamylograph pasting and DSC thermal parameters of corn starch was evaluated. The contents of galacturonic acid, degree of methylation, acetylation, and ferulic acid content were higher in the pectin extracted by SWE, while the molecular weight was lower. Similar chemical groups were characterized by FTIR in both SWE and CE pectins. Color attributes of both pectins were similar. Solutions of pectins at lower concentrations displayed nearly Newtonian behavior. The addition of both pectins to corn starch decreased pasting and DSC gelatinization parameters, but increased ΔH. The results offered a promising scalable approach to convert the beet waste to pectin as a value-added product using SWE with improved pectin properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of sulphonated PEES copolymers by NMR spectroscopy

Two sulphonated PEES copolymers were synthesized by reacting 75 or 60 mol% silylated hydroquinone sulphonic acid and 25 or 40 mol% of hydroquinone with 4,4′-difluorodiphenyl sulphone. The number average molecular weights determined by GPC were 13.250 and 12.050 g/mol. In the FTIR spectra, in addition to the characteristic absorption bands due to aromatic skeleton, absorption bands associated with sulphonic acid groups were observed at ∼3500, 1172, 1080, 1026, and 706 cm⁻¹. In ¹H NMR, the aromatic proton resonance signals were observed between δ = 6.99 and 7.96 ppm. ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectra of these copolymers were complex and in order to resolve this, two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques were utilized. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), total correlated spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) were used for assigning the structure of the copolymers.     

Copper(0)‐mediated radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile in DMSO at ambient temperature

In this work, Cu(0)‐mediated radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and acrylonitrile (AN) was explored. The polymerization was carried out at 25°C with 2,2′‐bipyridine as ligand and dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. The copolymerization proceeded smoothly producing moderately controlled molecular weights at low VAc feed ratios. The high VAc feed ratios generated low polymerization rate and poorly controlled molecular weights. FTIR, ¹H NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the successful obtaining of the copolymers. Based on ¹H NMR spectra, the reactivity ratios of VAc and AN were calculated to be 0.003 and 1.605, respectively. This work conveyed the first example for the Cu(0)‐mediated radical polymerization of AN and VAc, wherein VAc cannot be homopolymerized by Cu(0)‐mediated radical polymerization technique. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted,Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Extraction on Pectin Extraction from Industrial Tomato Waste

This work aimed to study the effect of ultrasound-assisted (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE), and ultrasound-microwave-assisted (UMAE) methods for pectin extraction from industrial tomato waste. The overall performance index from the fuzzy analytical method with three criteria, pectin yield, galacturonic acid, and lycopene content, was applied to evaluate the best extraction conditions by using the weight of 75, 20, and 5, respectively. The UAE conditions was performed at a temperature of 80 °C for 20 min with the variations in the extraction pH and the solid liquid (SL) ratio. The best UAE conditions with high pectin yield, and high total carboxyl group, as well as a lycopene content, was the pH of 1.5 and the SL ratio of 1:30. The MAE conditions was performed with variations in the microwave powers and times. The results showed that the best MAE conditions were 300 W for 10 min, which gave high pectin yield with high galacturonic acid and lycopene content. Various conditions of UMAE at the best conditions of MAE and UAE were performed and exhibited that the UAE had more positively affected the pectin yield. However, the FTIR spectra of obtained pectins from different extraction techniques showed a similar pectin structure.     

手性Boc保护氨基酸修饰卟啉的合成及谱学研究

合成了α,α,α,β-四-[邻(叔丁氧羰丙氨酸)氨基苯基]卟啉H₂T(o-BocAla)APP(1)及其锌()配合物ZnT(o-BocAla)APP(Zn^-1),α,α,α,β-四-[邻(叔丁氧羰苏氨酸)氨基苯基]卟啉H₂T(o-BocThr)APP(2)及其锌(Ⅱ)配合物ZnT(o-BocThr)APP(Zn-2),α,α,α,β-四-[邻(叔丁氧羰酪氨酸)氨基苯基]卟啉H₂T(o-BocTyr)APP(3)及其锌()配合物ZnT(o-BocTyr)APP(Zn-3)等6种叔丁氧羰保护氨基酸修饰的卟啉.用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱以及圆二色谱等手段对其组成的结构进行了表征,并对其谱学性质进行了研究.     

2D NMR Investigation of Dynamic Equilibrium of Tautomers of Gossypol

Gossypol was obtained as an yellow platelike crystal with m.p. 210-214 . In CDCl3 there were three tautomers of gossypol: Ⅰ aldehyde, Ⅱ lactol, Ⅲ ketal, in equilibrium .Their total 1H NMR spectra were assigned by means of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 1H-1H cosy ,DEPT, HMQC (1H Detected Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence) and HMBC (1H Detected Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity) experiments.This paper first reported that we took use of the 2D NMR techniques to assign all of 1H NMR chemical shifts of each tautomer , through the assignments of each peaks we investigated the tautomerism of gossypol . We concluded that when gossypol ( Ⅰ ) was put into CDCl3 , it would tautomerized three tautomers, they stable existed and attained tautomeric equilibrium in a molar ratio of 6:2:1 according to peaks intensity ratios in CDCl3. The result listed in table 1.Table 1. The 1H spectroscopy chemical shifts (ppm) for gossypol (Ⅰ), (Ⅱ) and (Ⅲ)All spectra were recorded at room tempreture in CDCl3 using TMS as an internal standard reported in δ units,hydroxyl protons were identified by D2O exchange.     

Spectroscopic characterization of primary and secondary phosphine ligation on ruthenium(II) complexes

Ruthenium(II) complexes of the primary phosphines PH2Fc and PH2CH2Fc and the secondary phosphine PH(CH2Fc)2, including [(p-cymene)RuCl(L)2](PF6) (p-cymene = p-iPrC6H4Me, L = PH2CH2Fc and PH(CH2Fc)2, 2b and 2c, respectively) and trans-[RuCl2(L)4] (L = PH2Fc, PH2CH2Fc, and PH(CH2Fc)2, 3a-c, respectively) were prepared and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. 3b was additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic effects of phosphine ligation were determined. Characteristic downfield shifts of the 31P NMR resonances and increases in energy of the nu(P-H) modes were observed in all cases. Iterative fitting of coupling constants to second-order NMR spectra also resulted in a complete elucidation of 31P-1H and 31P-31P couplings. This analysis provides a basis for considering the influence of coordinate bonding on the observed 1J(PH) and 2J(PP) constants.     

杯[4]间苯二酚对-5,11,17,23-四苯偶氮磺酸盐的合成

间苯二酚与正丁醛反应得到杯[4]间苯二酚(1)，1与对苯磺酸偶氮盐反应得到正丁醛杯[4]间苯二酚对-5，11，17，23-四苯偶氮磺酸盐(2)，2的结构经过IR，UV，^1H NMR，MS谱图确认。考察了pH值和溶剂对2的紫外吸收光谱及其与Ag(Ⅰ)的显色反应的影响。