求解层间界面反平面剪切破坏的剪切梁模型(Ⅱ)——失稳特性

在研究(Ⅰ)的基础上,研究了剪切梁模型在裂纹萌生和失稳扩展阶段的行为特性,1)给出了软化失稳(snap-through)和回折失稳(snap-back)两种失稳行为发生的条件.2)对剪切梁在反平面剪切载荷及侧压力共同作用下的力学行为作了解析分析计算,给出了结构的位移—载荷全过程曲线.3)讨论了失稳过程中的能量释放问题,并给出了回折失稳过程中结构对外界的能量释放的计算式.     

走滑式断层地震的折迭突变模型

利用过势函数微分形式的途径,计入远场外力功的影响,对走滑式断层地震机制进行分析．研究表明:突变理论中折迭突变模型展示的性状,与走滑式断层地震的主要特征之间一一对应．折迭突变可对包括震前、震后围岩-断层系统稳定性描述在内的断层失稳起、终点位置、断层失稳错距等作出描述．给出3种性状可相互印证的断层失稳围岩弹性能释放量图解．走滑式断层地震强度与围岩压力及围岩断层的刚度比等有关,围岩压力大、刚度比小、主切应力轴与发震断层面夹角大,则地震强度大．     

有限高狭长压电体中共线双半无限裂纹问题的解析解

通过引入合适的保角变换,利用复变函数法,分析了部分裂纹面上受反平面剪应力和面内电载荷共同作用下有限高狭长压电体中含共线双半无限裂纹问题,导出了电不可通边界条件下两个裂纹尖端场强度因子和机械应变能释放率的解析解．当不考虑电场作用时,所得解可退化到经典弹性材料的情况．而当两裂纹尖端的距离趋于无穷大时,也可退化为狭长压电体中半无限裂纹问题的解．最后,通过数值算例,讨论了受载长度、狭长体高度、机电载荷对机械应变能释放率的影响规律以及两个裂纹之间的相互作用．结果表明,两裂纹尖端的距离越短,材料越容易破坏;且机电载荷对左尖端裂纹的扩展影响更为显著．     

含有界面裂纹的粘弹性层合板应变能释放率的计算

将裂纹扩展所对应的能量释放率定义为同一时刻,同样载荷条件下两种状态的能量之差.一是裂纹长度为a时,系统内能,第二状态是指裂纹长度为a+Δa时系统内能.这样,所定义的能量释放率相当于在无限短时间内,裂纹从a扩展到a+Δa所释放的能量.通过计算发现,对于给定的加载历史,应变能释放率是时间的函数,它的最大值相对应于层间开裂临界状态.在William工作的基础上,根据经典梁的理论求得双悬臂梁结构的应变能释放率的显函表达式.     

一维六方准晶中带光滑顶点的正三角形孔边裂纹的反平面问题

本文通过引入合适的保角映射,利用Stroh公式和复变函数方法研究一维六方准晶材料中含光滑顶点的正三角形孔边裂纹的反平面问题,得到正三角形孔边裂纹尖端的场强度因子和能量释放率的表达式.通过数值算例,讨论了裂纹长度和正三角形孔口边长比值对等效场强度因子和能量释放率的影响,以及耦合系数和机械载荷对能量释放率的影响规律.结果表明:裂尖等效场强因子只与裂纹长度有关,而孔洞大小对其影响可忽略;裂纹长度、耦合系数和机械载荷总是促进裂纹扩展.     

逆冲断层地震主震的突变理论分析

逆冲断层系统作准静态形变时的功、能量增量关系可以分解为关于体积应变能的功能增量关系和关于偏应力能的功能增量关系．采用突变理论方法对逆冲断层系统的偏应力功能量增量关系进行的分析表明:折迭突变模型展示的性状可对逆冲断层地震主震的发震条件、演化过程和若干震后特性作恰当描述．围岩的围压大,最大主应力大,逆冲潜断层面倾角小,围岩切向刚度与断层抗剪强度曲线软化段拐点处斜率的比值小, 则震时围岩弹性能释放量大、 震级高, 断层破裂半错距大, 围岩端面位移振幅也大．断层岩体破裂扩容和震时围岩体积应变能释放, 增强了前述效应．     

利用有裂纹与无裂纹J积分之差分析裂纹扩展能量释放率

用有裂纹与无裂纹时的远场J积分之差分析了无限大平面中心裂纹的能量释放率,材料形式分别为均匀和层状材料,裂纹垂直于拉伸方向,层状材料界面平行于拉伸方向.有裂纹与无裂纹J积分之差表示载荷作用下的无裂纹材料引入裂纹所导致的J积分变化.对于均匀材料无限大平面中心裂纹,能量释放率等于对称轴处应变能密度释放量沿对称轴的积分,其值等于无裂纹时的应变能密度乘以一个以裂纹半长为半径的圆周长.对于层状材料无限大平面中心裂纹,能量释放率等于对称轴处应变能密度释放量沿对称轴的积分减去界面J积分的改变量.     

弹性介质中受轴向冲击载荷作用的圆柱壳的屈曲临界载荷计算分析

建立并求解了弹性介质中圆柱壳的径向位移控制方程,考虑边界条件及相容条件,得到了应力波传播及反射过程中圆柱壳的动力屈曲分叉条件.通过计算得到了不同时间段屈曲临界载荷与应力波波阵面到达圆柱壳的位置、弹性介质的刚度、壳体未嵌入弹性介质部分的长度与总长之比的关系.数值计算结果表明,弹性介质中的圆柱壳发生轴对称屈曲和非轴对称屈曲趋势一致;嵌入弹性介质部分越深、弹性介质刚度越大圆柱壳越难屈曲;屈曲临界载荷随着弹性介质刚度的增大经历了增长缓慢、增长迅速以及增长较慢3个阶段;应力波反射前波阵面通过分界面后,屈曲仅发生在应力波传播区域,反射波波阵面通过分界面前,临界载荷较小时屈曲先发生在反射端部,随着轴向阶数增大,屈曲覆盖整个圆柱壳区域,反射波波阵面通过分界面后,壳体发生的屈曲始终覆盖整个圆柱壳区域.     

周期载荷下超弹性圆柱壳的动力响应

研究了不可压超弹性圆柱壳在内表面周期载荷及突加常值载荷作用下的运动与破坏等动力响应问题．通过对所得描述圆柱壳内表面运动的非线性常微分方程解的数值计算和动力学定性分析,发现存在一个临界载荷;当突加常值载荷或周期载荷的平均载荷值小于这一临界值时,圆柱壳的运动随时间的演化是周期性的或拟周期性的非线性振动,而当其大于这一临界值时,圆柱壳将被破坏．另外,准静态问题的解可作为突加常值载荷作用下系统动力响应解的不动点,且不动点的性质与动力响应解及圆柱壳运动的性质有关．讨论了圆柱壳的厚度和载荷等参数对临界载荷值和圆柱壳运动特性的影响．     

八次对称二维准晶Ⅱ型单边裂纹的动力学问题

依据准晶弹性-流体动力学模型,采用有限差分方法,探讨了八次对称二维准晶Ⅱ型单边裂纹的动力学问题.首先分析了相同载荷的不同加载时间、不同的加载位置以及不同的试样尺寸对裂纹尖端处声子场应力强度因子的影响;其次分析了不同的声子场相位子场耦合弹性常数对相位子场位移分量的影响;最后分析了板端加载与裂纹面加载对动态应力强度因子的影响.计算结果表明:大小相同的脉冲载荷,加载的时间越长,无量纲化的应力强度因子越大,其曲线逐渐趋近于阶跃载荷下的曲线;试样宽度越宽,应力强度因子由零到非零需要的时间越长,无量纲化的应力强度因子值越小,说明应力强度因子与试样的尺寸有关系;声子场相位子场耦合弹性常数越大相位子场的位移分量也越大,这是因为相位子场的边界没有载荷,相位子场位移的作用力来自声子场,声子场起主导作用;而裂纹面加载和板端加载是不等价的,前者的无量纲化应力强度因子的变化幅度比后者大,这与板端加载更容易导致材料断裂的事实相一致.     

Nonlinear vibration phenomenon of an aircraft rub-impact rotor system due to hovering flight

This paper focuses on the nonlinear vibration phenomenon caused by aircraft hovering flight in a rub-impact rotor system supported by two general supports with cubic stiffness. The effect of aircraft hovering flight on the rotor system is considered as a maneuver load to formulate the equations of motion, which might result in periodic response instability to the rotor system even the eccentricity is small. The dynamic responses of the system under maneuver load are presented by bifurcation diagrams and the corresponding Lyapunov exponent spectrums. Numerical analyses are carried out to detect the periodic, sub-harmonic and quasi-periodic motions of the system, which are presented by orbit diagrams, phase trajectories, Poincare maps and amplitude power spectrums. The results obtained in this paper will contribute an understanding of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of aircraft rotor systems in maneuvering flight.     

柔性约束下压杆的一些稳定和不稳定的临界状态

研究了一端固定、一端弹簧约束滑动固定的压杆在Euler临界载荷作用下的稳定性.将系统的势能表示为转角的泛函,将扰动量展开成Fourier级数,将势能的二阶变分表示成一个二次型,得到在临界状态下势能的二阶变分半正定,并求得临界载荷与屈曲模态.进一步研究临界状态下高阶变分的正定性,包括四阶和六阶变分的正定性.结果表明,与刚性约束不同的是,柔性约束压杆临界状态的稳定性与约束的刚度有关,有稳定与不稳定之分,并给出了临界状态是稳定和不稳定的情况下柔性约束相对刚度的范围.     

Mathematical modelling of the development of mechanical instability in fracturing systems

The dynamics of processes accompanying a loss of stability in a mechanical system are investigated. The mechanical system is in the form of an elastic rod, stretched by an axial load, with one of its lateral surfaces “glued” to a rigid wall. The “glue” is a low-strength elastic material which is subject to brittle fracture at a certain value of the load acting on it. In a fractured segment, the rod surface slides over the wall surface under the action of a dry friction force which is less than the breaking stress. The high sensitivity of the process of the development of instability to small perturbations which initiate the development of instability is established. The system considered is the simplest model of the zone of contact between lithospheric plates which generate earthquakes.     

Thermal effects on buckling of shear deformable nanocolumns with von Kármán nonlinearity based on nonlocal stress theory

Thermal buckling of nanocolumns considering nonlocal effect and shear deformation is investigated based on the nonlocal elasticity theory and the Timoshenko beam theory. By expressing the nonlocal stress as nonlinear strain gradients and based on the variational principle and von Kármán nonlinearity, new higher-order differential governing equations with corresponding higher-order nonlocal boundary conditions both in transverse and axial directions for instability of nanocolumns are derived. New analytical solutions for some practical examples on instability of nanocolumns are presented and analyzed in detail. The paper concluded that the critical buckling load is significantly increased in the presence of nonlocal stress and the results confirm that nanocolumn stiffness is enhanced by nanoscale size effect and reduced by shear deformation. The critical temperature change is increased with larger diameter to length ratio and higher nonlocal nanoscale. It is also concluded that at low and room temperatures the buckling load of nanocolumns increases with increasing temperature change, while at high temperature the buckling load decreases with increasing temperature change.     

The dynamic stability of an elastic column

Lyapunov's second method is used to investigate the stability of the rectilinear equilibrium modes of a non-linearly elastic thin rod (column) compressed at its end. Stability here is implied relative to certain integral characteristics, of the type of norms in Sobolev spaces; the analysis is carried out for all values of the problem parameter except the bifurcation values.

The realm of problems connected with the Lagrange-Dirichlet equilibrium stability theorem and its converse involves specific difficulties when considered in the infinite-dimensional case: stability in infinite-dimensional systems is investigated relative to certain integral characteristics such as norms /1/, and as the latter may be chosen with a certain degree of arbitrariness, different choices may result in different stability results. On the other hand, there is no relaxation of any of the difficulties encountered in the case of a finite number of degrees of freedom.

We shall consider a certain natural mechanical system with a finite number of degrees of freedom. If the first non-trivial form of the potential energy expansion is positive-definite, the equilibrium position is stable. A similar statement has been proved for infinitely many dimensions as well /1–3/, using Lyapunov's direct method, and the total energy may play the role of the Lyapunov function.

The situation with respect to instability is more complex. In the finite-dimensional case, if the first non-trivial form of the potential energy expansion may take negative values, instability may be demonstrated in many cases by means of a function proposed by Chetayev in /4/. A general theorem has been proved /1/ for instability in infinitely many dimensions, relying on an analogue of Chetayev's function. Such functions have also been used /5, 6/ to prove the instability of equilibrium in specific linear systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom.

However, Chetayev's functions /4/ are not suitable tools to prove the instability of equilibrium in most non-linear systems. Another “Chetayev function”, which is actually a perturbed form of Chetayev's original function from /4/, has been proposed /7/, and it has been used to prove instability when the equilibrium position is an isolated critical point of the first non-trivial form of the potential energy expansion.

The majority of problems concerning the onset of instability of equilibrium configurations of elastic systems have been considered from a quasistatic point of view (see, e.g., /8, 9/). Problems of elastic stability and instability were considered in a dynamical setting in /2, 5/, where stability was investigated by Lyapunov's direct method. However, most of the results obtained in this branch of the field concern linear systems, and there are extremely few publications dealing with the onset of instability in non-linear elastic systems using Lyapunov's direct method. This is because in an unstable elastic system the quadratic part of the potential energy may change sign, and therefore the analogues of Chetayev's function from /4/ are not usually suitable for solving these problems. Dynamic instability has been studied or a specific non-linearly elastic system /10/, with the fact of instability established by using an analogue of the Chetayev function from /7/.

This paper presents one more example of a study of dynamic instability crried out for a non-linearly elastic system by Lyapunov's direct method.     

Stability of an Elastic Tube Conveying a Non-Newtonian Fluid and Having a Locally Weakened Section

The work is devoted to the stability analysis of the flow of a non-Newtonian powerlaw fluid in an elastic tube. Integrating the equations of motion over the cross section, we obtain a one-dimensional equation that describes long-wave low-frequency motions of the system in which the rheology of the flowing fluid is taken into account. In the first part of the paper, we find a stability criterion for an infinite uniform tube and an absolute instability criterion. We show that instability under which the axial symmetry of motion of the tube is preserved is possible only for a power-law index of n < 0.611, and absolute instability is possible only for n < 1/3; thus, after the loss of stability of a linear viscous medium, the flow cannot preserve the axial symmetry, which agrees with the available results. In the second part of the paper, applying the WKB method, we analyze the stability of a tube whose stiffness varies slowly in space in such a way that there is a “weakened” region of finite length in which the “fluid–tube” system is locally unstable. We prove that the tube is globally unstable if the local instability is absolute; otherwise, the local instability is suppressed by the surrounding locally stable regions. Solving numerically the eigenvalue problem, we demonstrate the high accuracy of the result obtained by the WKB method even for a sufficiently fast variation of stiffness along the tube axis.     

The effect of transverse crack upon parametric instability of a rotor-bearing system with an asymmetric disk

It is well known that either the asymmetric disk or transverse crack brings parametric inertia (or stiffness) excitation to the rotor-bearing system. When both of them appear in a rotor system, the parametric instability behaviors have not gained sufficient attentions. Thus, the effect of transverse crack upon parametric instability of a rotor-bearing system with an asymmetric disk is studied. First, the finite element equations of motion are established for the asymmetric rotor system. Both the open and breathing transverse cracks are taken into account in the model. Then, the discrete state transition matrix (DSTM) method is introduced for numerically acquiring the instability regions. Based upon these, some computations for a practical asymmetric rotor system with open or breathing transverse crack are conducted, respectively. Variations of the primary and combination instability regions induced by the asymmetric disk with the crack depth are observed, and the effect of the orientation angle between the crack and asymmetric disk on various instability regions are discussed in detail. It is shown that for the asymmetric angle around 0, the existence of transverse (either open or breathing) crack has attenuation effect upon the instability regions. Under certain crack depth, the instability regions could be vanished by the transverse crack. When the asymmetric angle is around π/2, increasing the crack depth would enhance the instability regions.     

On the instability of elastic shells as the manifestation of internal resonance

A large number of internal resonances, sensitivity to small imperfections and to a small external non-conservative action are characteristic for a number of elastic shells subjected to conservative forces. It is shown that, in combination, these three features result in dynamic instability of a system, that manifests itself in the existence of a solution of the explosive instability type when the deviation from the equilibrium state becomes infinitely large in a finite time. A simple method is proposed to calculate the ultimately allowable load by which one should be guided in designing structures containing thin shells. This load calculated by a linear model corresponds to the appearance of the first internal resonance in the system. The results are illustrated by well-known experimental facts.     

矩形板不对称侧向屈曲中若干问题

本文用能量法研究了矩形板不对称侧向屈曲的几个问题,文中讨论了具有不对称支承的矩形板分别在有集中力,均布荷载及集中力偶作用之下发生不对称侧向屈曲时的最小的临界荷载.     

Stability and free vibrations of discrete frame subjected to the generalised load by the force directed towards the positive pole

The work refers to stability and free vibrations of discrete, two-part planar frame with three degree of freedom. For the considered frame the total mechanical energy is determined on the basis of the external load of the structure, whose direction of action depends on geometry of loading and receiving head. Adequate relationships describing stability of the considered frame are obtained taking into account potential energy of the system (static criterion) or total mechanical energy (kinetic criterion). An influence of geometrical parameters of loading head and rigidity of rotational springs modelling the finite stiffness of structural constraints on the critical load is analyzed. The courses of natural vibration frequencies in relation to the external loads are determined for the assumed values regarding geometry and physical constants of the system. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)