钾皂化HEHPEHE的谱学性质及微乳液的形成

运用傅立叶变换红外光谱研究了钾皂化2－乙基已基磷酸单2－乙基巴基酯（简称HEHPEHE或P507）的性质，同时配合激光光散射技术研究皂化应对形成微乳液性能的影响．红外光谱的研究表明，皂化度（αs）超过60％时，（K，H）EHPEHE呈现酸盐体系的特殊性质，体系对水的增溶能力迅速增大，该体系开始具有形成微乳液的能力；αs为75％左右时，体系对水的增溶能力最强；大于75％时，随着皂化度的继续增加，体系对水的加溶能力迅速下降．激光光散射的实验结果表明，αs为75％时，微乳体系中的平均液滴半径达到最大值（103.8nm）。红外光谱的结果证明形成微乳液对HEHPEHE分子中的P－O－C、P＝O和P－O－H均与水分子有不同程度的相互作用．     

丙醇-氯化钠-水体系萃取铑(Ⅲ)-氯化亚锡-2-巯基苯并噻唑络合物的研究与应用

研究了丙醇－氯化钠双水相体系萃取铑（Ⅲ）－氯化亚锡－2－巯基苯并噻唑（MBT）络合物的萃取行为及在丙醇萃取相中的光度性质；实验表明，在HCl介质中，铑（Ⅲ）的萃取率是99％，方法可从Fe、Al、Pb、Zn、Ca等常见金属基体中分离铑（Ⅲ），并建立了双水相体系萃取分光光度法测定微量铑（Ⅲ）的新方法。     

PMBP为载体的乳状液膜提取钪的研究

研究了以１－苯基－３－甲基－４－苯甲酰基吡唑酮－５（ＰＭＢＰ）为流动载体的乳状液膜（ＥＬＭ）法提取钪，确定最佳液膜体系组成为０．４％ＰＭＢＰ－３％Ｓｐａｎ８０－５％液体石蜡－煤油－３ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比）．Ｒｗｅ（水乳比）可达２０：１．用该体系对钪与混合稀土进行分离，钪的回收率可达９５．５％，分离系数β（ＳＣ／ＲＥ）＝３２．０。     

2-(1H-唑基)-1-(2,3,4-三甲氧基)苯乙酮衍生物的合成与结构表征

首先以2－溴－1－（2，3，4－三甲氧基）苯乙酮，四丁基铵－1H－1，2，4－三唑或咪唑为原料，分别合成了2－（1H－1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－1－（2，3，4－三甲氧基）苯乙酮（Ia)和2－（1H－咪唑0－1－基）－1－（2，3，4－三甲氧基）苯乙酮（Ib)与盐酸羟胺反应生成2－（1H－1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－1－（2，3，4－三甲氧基）苯乙酮肟和1－（1H－咪唑－1－基）－1－（2，3，4三甲氧基）苯乙酮肟，产率为63％－72％，并经元素分析，IR和1H NMR进行了表征。     

钕在含NdCl3体系中溶解损失的研究

测定了金属钕在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＭＣｌｎ体系、ＮｄＣｌ３－（９０．０ｗｔ％ＫＣｌｎ）（Ｍ＝Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ；ｎ＝１或２）截面和ＮｄＣｌ３－ＬｉＦ体系（富ＮｄＣｌ３区）中的溶解损失。发现钕在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＫＣｌ，ＮｄＣｌ３－ＣａＣｌ２和ＮｄＣｌ３－（９０．０ｗｔ％ＫＣｌ，１０．０ｗｔ％ＣａＣｌ２）体系中溶解损失较小，而在ＮｄＣｌ３－ＫＣｌ体系中随温度的升高而加大，当体系中ＮｄＣｌ３浓度＜５０     

二氯菊酯光学异构体的分析

利用顺式二氯菊酯和反式二氯菊酸的溶解度不同及pKa值的差异，分离二氯菊酸中的顺式体和反式体，可取得较好的效果（反式二氯菊酸收率83．7％，顺式二氯菊酸收率88．9％），以S（－）－α－甲基苄胺为拆分剂，对顺式－2，2－二甲基－3－3（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸酯（俗称顺式二氯菊酯）类杀虫剂合成中间体0顺式－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸（俗称顺式二氯菊酸）进行拆分，可以得到其旋光异构体；其旋光异构体与S（－）－α－甲基苄胺衍生化，生成相应的酰胺；经TLC纯化后，以外消旋顺式二氯菊酸酰胺作为对照，用HPLC检测其旋光异构体的光学纯度；结果显示，顺式－R（＋）－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羟酸光学纯度为93．7％，顺式－S（－）－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸光学纯度为81．8％，对反式二氯菊酸的光学纯度分析，可采用类似的方法：经顺，反分离，旋光异构体拆分获得的高效中间体，再进行后序合成，其顺反比，旋光纯度不变。     

2,2'－联吡啶桥连的双－4,4'-联吡啶哑铃型化合物的合成

二甘醇2与对甲苯磺酰氯在CH_2Cl_2中，0 ℃～r.t.及Et_3N存在下反应得2－ （羟乙氧基）乙醇对甲苯磺酸酯（3），收率88％。化合物3与对叔丁基苯甲酰氯在 CH_2Cl_2中0～5 ℃及吡啶存在下反应得2－（对叔丁基苯甲酰氧基乙氧基）乙醇对 甲苯磺酸酯（4），收率96％。4与对羟苯甲醇在乙腈中及CsF/K_2CO_3存在下70 ℃ 反应得2－（对叔丁基苯甲酰氧基乙氧基）乙氧苄醇（5），收率98％。5与NBS及 PPh_3在THF中，室温下反应得化合物2－（对 丁基苯甲酰氧基乙氧基）乙氧苄溴 （6），收率95％。6与4,4'－联吡啶在乙腈中，60 ℃反应1h得N－[2－（对叔丁基 苯甲酰氧基乙氧基）乙氧苄基]－4,4'－联吡啶六氟磷酸盐（7），收率85％。7与 α,α－二（溴甲基）－2,2'－联吡啶在乙腈中，油浴60 ℃反应36h，得到标题化 合物，产率为45％。     

NOx催化的甲烷气相氧化反应

 考察了没有固体催化剂时NOx对甲烷气相氧化的催化作用，并用原位红外光谱研究了CH4－O2－NOx体系随温度的变化．实验结果表明，NOx对甲烷气相氧化有很高的催化活性．在20％CH4－10％O2体系中加入0．05％～0．2％的NO后，反应温度可降低200～300℃，在650～700℃下反应时，CH4转化率和CO选择性可分别达到38％和90％，产物中的n（H2）／n（CO）比为0．4～0．7．反应产物中可观察到有甲醛、甲醇和乙烯等，通过改变反应条件可以控制各组分的相对浓度．     

丙醇-硫酸铵-水液-液体系萃取分离铂、钯、铑和金

研究了丙醇－（NH4）2SO4－水液－液体系对铂（Ⅱ）,钯（Ⅱ）,铑（Ⅲ）和金（Ⅲ）氯化亚锡络阴离子的萃取行为及体系在盐酸介质中的分相条件。实验表明在盐酸介质中体系可同时萃取铂（Ⅱ＿,钯（Ⅱ）,铑（Ⅲ）和金（Ⅲ）,对铂,钯,铑 和金的萃取率分别为99．4％,99．0％,98．3％和99．8％,方法可用于从贱金属中分离铂,钯,铑,金,对阳极泥,砂铂矿,废催化剂样品的分离分析结果与其它方法相符。     

氯铝酸室温离子液体介质中正碳十二烯选择环化反应

 在氯化1－丙基－3－甲基咪唑（PMImCl）、氯化1－丁基－3－甲\r\n基咪唑（BMImCl）、氯化1－丁基吡啶（BPCl）和溴化1－乙基吡啶（E\r\nPBr）季铵盐与AlCl3构成的室温离子液体介质中，首次发现正十二碳烯\r\n（简称十二烯）可以高选择性地发生环化反应生成环十二烷．依次在反\r\n应管中加入氯铝酸室温离子液体、乙醇和十二烯，其中AlCl3的量为0．\r\n01mol，AlCl3与季铵盐的摩尔比为2，乙醇为10ml，十二烯为2ml（9．\r\n3mmol）．当反应体系中不添加乙醇时，十二烯转化率和环十二烷选择\r\n性仅分别为4．2％和73．1％．这是由于十二烯和氯铝酸离子液体形成\r\n两相体系而不易充分接触，故十二烯转化率和环十二烷选择性较低．当\r\n反应体系中加入乙醇时，十二烯和氯铝酸离子液体体系变为单相，使得\r\n十二烯和氯铝酸离子液体可以充分接触，十二烯转化率和环十二烷选择\r\n性可分别达到12．4％和82．9％．压力对提高十二烯转化率和环十二烷\r\n选择性有很大的影响．p（N2）＝3．0～6．0MPa下反应12h，十二烯转\r\n化率和环十二烷选择性可分别达到27．2％和93．8％．反应结束后加热\r\n除去乙醇，产物自动与离子液体分层，便于分离，且离子液体介质可重\r\n复使用．     

Metal complexes of 4-(2'-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol A comparative study with 4-(2'-pyridylazo)-resorcinol

The acid dissociation constants of 4-(2'-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol (TAR) and the formation constants of the metal complexes formed by this reagent with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) have been determined potentiometrically at 25° in 50% v/v mixtures of dioxane and water. The values obtained for TAR and the metal complexes are contrasted with similar values for the reagent 4-(2'-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). Differences and similarities between the co-ordinating tendencies of these two reagents are revealed in terms of the proton displacement constant and the acid dissociation constants of the metal complexes. Evidence is presented which suggests that both TAR and PAR may act as terdentate ligands toward some bivalent metal ions.     

Transfer of a quadridentate N2S2 ligand from M2+ (M=Cr,Mn, Fe,Co or Ni) to Cu2+: Unexpected reactivities of bimetallic intermediates

A series of complexes of stoichiometry [MX2(dipyS)] {dipyS = bis(2–picolyl)-1,3–dithiopropane); M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, X=Cl; M=Ni or Cu, X=NO3} and [VOCl(dipyS)]Cl have been prepared and characterised, including the X-ray crystal structure of [Ni(ONO2)2(dipyS)]. The kinetics of the transfer of dipyS from these complexes (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co or Ni) to Cu2+, to form [Cu(dipyS)]2+, have been studied in MeOH. For M=Ni, the kinetics are consistent with a mechanism involving rate-limiting dissociation of the initial pyridyl—M bond. Subsequent binding of Cu2+ to the pendant pyridyl-residue (or binding Cl– to the vacant site on M) is followed by the complete transfer of dipyS from M to Cu. For M=Cr, Mn or Co, the same mechanism is believed to operate, but in these cases intermediates in the dipyS transfer to Cu2+ have been detected spectroscopically. Evidence is presented that these intermediates have Cu2+ bound to a pendant pyridyl-group on [MCl2(dipyS)] and that the subsequent complete transfer of dipyS involves rate-limiting dissociation of a M—S bond. For M=Fe, e.p.r. spectroscopy shows that the complex is a dimer in solution. However, the transfer reaction with Cu2+ involves an analogous intermediate to that with M=Cr, Mn or Co, but only at high concentrations of Cu2+. Unexpectedly, the binding of Cu2+ inhibits the transfer of dipyS from Fe to Cu. The electronic factors which give rise to this behaviour are discussed.     

A Series of Mononuclear Complexes Constructed from Transition Metals and Amino Acid Derived Ligands: Syntheses, Structures and Photoluminescence

Eight neutral mononuclear complexes constructed from transition metals （M = Co（Ⅱ）, Ni（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ）, Cd（Ⅱ）） and ligands N-（2-pyridylmethyl）-L-phenylalanine （L-Hpmpa） and N-（2-pyridylmethyl）-L-tyrosine （L-Hpmtyr） have been synthesized by both hydrothermal and conventional room temperature reactions. Four of them have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions. They are： [Co（L-pmpa）2·2H2O] 1, [Ni（L-pmpa）2·2H2O] 2, [Cu（L-pmpa）2·2H2O] 3 and [Cu（L-pmtyr）2·2H2O] 4. Single-crystal X-ray analysis, IR and elemental analysis revealed that complexes 1, 2 and 3 are isostructural. Powder X-ray diffraction, IR and elemental analysis revealed that complexes 4, 5 （Zn[L-pmtyr]2·2H2O）, 6 （Cd[L-pmtyr]2·2H2O）, 7 （Co[L-pmtyr]2·2H2O） and 8 （Ni[L-pmtyr]2·2H2O） are isostructural. The photoluminescence properties of L-Hpmtyr ligand, compounds 5 and 6 were also investigated.     

Tetraaza 1.4.8.11, cyclotetradecane greffe sur polymere: synthese et application a l'extraction de cu2+, Ni2+ et Co2+.

Polymer-supported cyclam is prepared from 1.4.8.11 tetraaza cyclotetradecane and chloromethylated polystyrene resin. Retention capacities for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) are reported.     

铜、钴、镍同时分离工艺的研究

稀土体系三种元素同时分离的工艺最近已有发表,但非稀土方面的工作尚未见报导.对Cu、Co、Ni三种元素,通常是将Cu、Co作为一个组份与Ni分离.本工作对组成为Cu:Co:Ni=1:1:1的水相合成料液设计了两种工艺,进行了串级实验,实现了该三种元素的同时分离, 串级实验以HEH(EHP)作萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,其它试剂均用分析纯.     

Determination of trace metals in waters and compost by on-line precipitation coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry or ion chromatography

A general rapid on-line preconcentration method for the determination of trace metals coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) or ion chromatography (IC) with spectrophotometric detection is described. The method is based on the on-line precipitation of metal hydroxides with sodium hydroxide and their dissolution in a small volume of nitric acid solution. All the chemical and physical variables that affect the efficiency of metal precipitation and elution in the flow injection system have been studied. The detection limits obtained by FAAS are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.5 mug l(-1) for Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb, respectively. When the on-line precipitation is coupled to IC with post-column derivatization with the spectrophotometric reagent 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR), the detection limits are 3, 1, 5, 3, and 3 mug l(-1) for Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and Mn, respectively. The proposed general method was successfully applied to determine independently the above mentioned metals in compost and tap and river water samples.     

Qualitative analysis of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations using thin-layer chromatography

The M(DEDTC)2 (M = Cu, Co, or Ni) and M(PyDTC)2 (M = Cu or Co) complexes prepared by reactions of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and ammonium pyrollidinedithiocarbamate with metal (II) nitrates are examined for qualitative analysis and separation using thin-layer chromatography systems. These complexes and their mixtures are spotted to the activated thin layers of silica gel 60GF254 (Si-60GF254) with a 250-microm thickness. Pure toluene and a toluene-cyclohexane mixture (3:1, v/v) are used as mobile phases for running of the complexes. These chromatographic systems are successfully used for qualitative analysis of corresponding metal cations and separation of components in both M(DEDTC)2 and M(PyDTC)2 complex mixtures.     

Simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) using partial least squares (PLS) regression

A partial least squares (PLS-1) calibration model based on kinetic—spectrophotometric measurement, for the simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions is described. The method was based on the difference in the rate of the reaction between Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions with 1-(2-pyridylazo)2-naphthol in a pH 5.8 buffer solution and in micellar media at 25°C. The absorption kinetic profiles of the solutions were monitored by measuring the absorbance at 570 nm at 2 s intervals during the time range of 0–10 min after initiation of the reaction. The experimental calibration matrix for the partial least squares (PLS-1) model was designed with 30 samples. The cross-validation method was used for selecting the number of factors. The results showed that simultaneous determination could be performed in the range 0.1-2 μg mL⁻¹ for each cation. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in water and in synthetic alloy samples.      

Microchip separations of transition metal ions via LED absorbance detection of their PAR complexes

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography was utilized in the electrophoretic separation of seven transition metal ions, colorimetrically complexed by 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) on a glass capillary electrophoresis microchip. Detection of the PAR metal chelates was demonstrated using a green light emitting diode (540 nm) and a miniature photomultiplier tube. Parameters investigated included the effect of buffer type, pH and surfactant concentration (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) on the separation efficiency. The optimally determined background electrolyte contained 10 mM ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 1 mM PAR to prevent kinetic lability problems and 75 mM SDS for enhanced resolution. The separation of seven transition metal ions, Co2+, V3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+, was achievable in under 65 s, with the resolution of each metal ion in excess of 1.60. Detection limits obtained ranged from 400 ppb for Ni2+ to 1.2 ppm for Mn2+.     

Colorimetric assay for parallel detection of Cd2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ using peptide-modified gold nanoparticles

A colorimetric assay has been developed for parallel detection of Cd(2+), Ni(2+) and Co(2+) utilizing peptide-modified gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) as a sensing element based on its unique surface plasmon resonance properties. The functional peptide ligand, CALNNDHHHHHH, was self-assembled on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to produce P-AuNPs probe. The P-AuNPs probe could be used to simultaneously detect and showed different responses to the three ions Cd(2+), Ni(2+) and Co(2+) in an aqueous solution based on the aggregation-induced color change of AuNPs. The method showed good selectivity for Cd(2+), Ni(2+) and Co(2+) over other metal ions, and detection limit as low as 0.05 μM Cd(2+), 0.3 μM Ni(2+) or 2 μM Co(2+). To simultaneously (or parallel) detect the three metal ions coexisting in a sample, EDTA and imidazole were applied to mask Co(2+) and Ni(2+) for detecting Cd(2+), glutathione and EDTA were applied to mask Cd(2+) and Co(2+) for detecting Ni(2+), and glutathione and imidazole were applied to mask Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) for detecting Co(2+). Finally, the simple and cost-effective probe could be successfully applied for simultaneously detecting Cd(2+), Ni(2+), and Co(2+) in river water. Because this novel P-AgNPs-based probe design offers many advantages, including simplicity of preparation and manipulation compared with other methods that employ specific strategies, the sensing system shows potential application in the developing region for monitoring water quality.