作用在平行板电容器中一片电介质的力

在一些物理学的教科书中,利用虚功原理计算了作用于插入平行板电容器的一片电介质的力.[1],[2]但没有从物理原因上进行分析.这就会产生这样的问题,即垂直方向的电场,怎么会有水平方向的力作用于电介质上?本文通过对于电介质受力的微观机制的分析,计算作用于这片均匀电介质的力.一、电介质受力的微观机制 在电场中的电介质要受到电场作用而极化.在平行板电容器的极板间,插入一片电介质,由于电容器边缘区不均匀电场的作用,电介质中极化的电偶极子排列也是不均匀的.图一是这种情况的示意图. 图一电容器的极板,在z方向宽w,x方向长为L. 在X=X0…     

曲柄摇杆式抓片机构的非线性动力分析

本文给出了曲柄摇杆机构抓片爪的运动方程,建立了胶片运动的非线性模型,从理论上分析了具有曲柄摇杆型抓片机构的间隙式高速摄影机的输片力特性.最后讨论了最大输片力与机构参数之间的关系,提出了机构优化的原则与步骤.     

涡旋板弹簧的有限元分析及实验

板弹簧支承技术是线性压缩机的关键技术之一,在为活塞提供轴向回复力的同时,还用来支承压缩活塞、保证密封间隙。在优化分析的基础上,文中设计制造了一款三臂涡旋板弹簧。利用ANSYS有限元软件分析了该款板弹簧的轴向刚度、径向刚度、应力分布以及固有频率特性,并对板弹簧的轴向刚度和固有频率进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,采用有限元分析方法分析板弹簧性能是有效的。     

涡旋柔性弹簧及组件性能实验研究

本文利用TSL系列弹簧刚度实验仪对用于斯特林制冷机中的单片柔性弹簧及柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究。测试了四种不同尺寸弹簧刚度的动态特性,研究了单片弹簧的轴向刚度、径向刚度以及力矩特性,然后对柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究,指出了不同组合方法下的刚度及弯矩特性,得到的数据可以作为斯特林制冷机设计的参考。     

膜片弹簧的结构设计及性能分析

在设计不同厚度、材料的圆渐开线型膜片弹簧的基础上,通过有限元分析,对上述板弹簧的轴向刚度进行了分析与比较,总结出了主要参数对膜片弹簧性能的影响。结合线性压缩机中对膜片弹簧的设计要求,进行优化及验证。     

三种不同型线柔性弹簧的有限元分析及对比研究

柔性弹簧对于低温制冷机的间隙密封及可靠性具有重要作用,文中在总结国内外柔性弹簧型线的基础上,针对用于低温制冷机的三种典型柔性弹簧,采用Ansys软件对其应力分布、径轴向刚度以及自然频率等特性进行了数值模拟和对比分析,该研究为探索具有优良性能的新型线结构的柔性弹簧指明了方向.     

关于磁介质棒插入通电螺线管时所受的力

本文论述了磁介质棒插入通电螺线管中所受轴向力的物理根源，推导出介质棒受力的精确公式．     

高聚焦高斯光束对左手性材料球轴向力的光线模型计算

采用几何光线模型, 将基模高聚焦高斯光束对微米量级介电球和左手性材料球的轴向作用力进行了理论推导和数值模拟, 并对介电球和左手性小球的受力进行了比较. 对于介电球, 可以实现单光束陷阱捕陷介电球; 在右手性材料环境中的左手性材料小球, 受到的轴向作用力总是沿光传播的方向, 激光和左手性材料球的参数共同决定轴向力的最大值出现在光轴上的位置. 而在相对折射率较小时, 左手性材料小球的受力是介电球的百倍. 关键词： 基模高斯光束 几何光线模型 轴向作用力 左手性材料     

一体型平行弹簧扫描隧道显微镜

描述了一种新结构形式的扫描隧道显微镜系统。该系统使用一体型平行弹簧和压电致动元件作为精密二维位置控制器件，使得ｘ轴和ｙ轴间的位移干扰变得极其微小。控制ｚ轴位移及试件与探针间距的压电致动元件是以悬挂方式固定在一体型平行弹簧上的，因此，对ｚ轴的位移干扰亦忽略。     

磁性弹簧振动研究

本文研究了＂磁性弹簧＂（两个细长磁铁相向放置）在气垫导轨上的振动情况,对＂磁性弹簧＂的受力情况和振动周期等物理量的研究表明,理论计算的预测结果与实验测量基本一致.本实验的研究对磁体及静磁场间的受力分析计算以及磁性弹簧的应用具有重要意义.     

Response of a mindlin plate with trunnion

The vibratory response of a circular plate with a central trunnion is considered. A harmonic force is allowed to act on the trunnion in a plane parallel to the surface of the plate. The model allows for arbitrary location of the center of mass of the trunnion and the line of action of the exciting force. The plate equations include the effects of transverse shear deformations and rotatory inertia, which makes the analysis useful for either thick or thin plates at acoustic frequencies. Application of the model in the control of noise and vibration of rotating machinery is illustrated.     

The Casimir force on a piston in the spacetime with extra compactified dimensions

A Casimir piston for massless scalar fields obeying Dirichlet boundary conditions in high-dimensional spacetimes within the frame of Kaluza–Klein theory is analyzed. We derive and calculate the exact expression for the Casimir force on the piston. We also compute the Casimir force in the limit that one outer plate is moved to the extremely distant place to show that the reduced force is associated with the properties of additional spatial dimensions. The more dimensionality the spacetime has, the stronger the extra-dimension influence is. The Casimir force for the piston in the model including a third plate under the background with extra compactified dimensions always keeps attractive. Further we find that when the limit is taken the Casimir force between one plate and the piston will change to be the same form as the corresponding force for the standard system consisting of two parallel plates in the four-dimensional spacetimes if the ratio of the plate-piston distance and extra dimensions size is large enough.     

Casimir Interaction between a plate and a cylinder

We find the exact Casimir force between a plate and a cylinder, a geometry intermediate between parallel plates, where the force is known exactly, and the plate sphere, where it is known at large separations. The force has an unexpectedly weak decay approximately L/[H3 ln(H/R)] at large plate-cylinder separations H (L and R are the cylinder length and radius), due to transverse magnetic modes. Path integral quantization with a partial wave expansion additionally gives a qualitative difference for the density of states of electric and magnetic modes, and corrections at finite temperatures.     

旋转超声磨削平行砂轮复合变幅器设计与试验

为了获得大负载平行砂轮复合变幅器的设计方法,将复合变幅器简化为复合变幅杆与多阶环盘组成.利用Mindlin中厚板理论,求解了各振动环盘的位移、转角、弯矩和剪力解析表达式,通过复合变幅杆各振动单元间的力、位移的边界条件和连续条件,以及复合变幅杆和环盘两者结构间力与位移的耦合条件,建立了复合变幅器的数学模型和频率方程.针对...     

巧用电子秤测量静电力及真空电容率

介绍了用电子秤测量平行板电容器两极板间的静电力和真空电容率的原理和方法。     

Experimental investigation of the Casimir force beyond the proximity-force approximation

The analysis of all Casimir force experiments using a sphere-plate geometry requires the use of the proximity-force approximation (PFA) to relate the Casimir force between a sphere and a flat plate to the Casimir energy between two parallel plates. Because it has been difficult to assess the PFA's range of applicability theoretically, we have conducted an experimental search for corrections to the PFA by measuring the Casimir force and force gradient between a gold-coated plate and five gold-coated spheres with different radii using a microelectromechanical torsion oscillator. For separations z<300 nm, we find that the magnitude of the fractional deviation from the PFA in the force gradient measurement is, at the 95% confidence level, less than 0.4z/R, where R is the radius of the sphere.     

The dynamical Casimir-Polder force in relativistic atomic motion near the surface of a thick plate

The dynamical Casimir-Polder force between a neutral atom (in the ground state) and a thick plate in relativistic motion of the atom in the direction parallel to the surface has been calculated. The material properties have been considered in the framework of the oscillator model of the atom and the Drude dielectric function for a plate. The limiting cases of the nonrelativistic velocity and perfectly conducting material of the plate have been discussed. A complex dependence of the force on the velocity (energy), the distance, and the material properties of the surface has been found.     

从电容器内抽出铜板时外力、电荷及场强分布的讨论

对电容器充电后，在切断电源或保持与电源连接的两种不同条件下，从电容器内抽出铜板过程中，作的外力和极板上电荷的分布及极板间的电场分布进行了分析讨论。     

On the validity of constraints on light elementary particles and extra-dimensional physics from the Casimir effect

We discuss the constraints on the parameters of a Yukawa interaction obtained from the indirect measurements of the Casimir pressure between parallel plates using the sphere–plate configuration. Recently, it was claimed in the literature that the application of the proximity force approximation (PFA) to the calculation of a Yukawa interaction in the sphere–plate configuration could lead to a large error of order 100% in the constraints obtained. Here we re-calculate the constraints both exactly and using the PFA, and arrive at identical results. We elucidate the reasons why an incorrect conclusion was obtained suggesting that the PFA is inapplicable to calculate the Yukawa force.     

Stability and performance limits for active vibration isolation using blended velocity feedback

This paper presents a theoretical study of active vibration isolation on a two degree of freedom system. The system consists of two lumped masses connected by a coupling spring. Both masses are also attached to a firm reference base by a mounting spring. The lower mass is excited by a point force. A reactive control force actuator is used between the two masses in parallel with the coupling spring. Both masses are equipped with an absolute velocity sensor. The two sensors and the actuator are used to implement velocity feedback control loops to actively isolate the upper mass from the vibrations of the lower mass over a broad range of frequencies. The primary concern of the study is to determine what type of velocity feedback configuration is suitable with respect to the five parameters that characterise the system (the three spring stiffnesses and the two masses). It is shown analytically that if the ratio of the lower mounting spring stiffness to the lower mass is larger than the ratio of the upper mounting spring stiffness to the upper mass (supercritical system), feeding back the absolute upper mass velocity to the reactive force actuator results in an unconditionally stable feedback loop and the vibration isolation objective can be fully achieved without an overshot at higher frequencies. In contrast, if the ratio of the lower mounting spring stiffness to the lower mass is smaller than the ratio of the upper mounting spring stiffness to the upper mass (subcritical system), the upper mass velocity feedback is conditionally stable and the vibration isolation objective cannot be accomplished in a broad frequency band. For subcritical systems a blended velocity feedback is proposed to stabilise the loop and to improve the broad-band vibration isolation effect. A simple inequality is introduced to derive the combinations between the two error velocities that guarantee unconditionally stable feedback loops.