Dynamical Casimir–Polder atom-surface interaction

We have calculated dynamical Casimir–Polder force between a moving ground state atom and a flat polarizable surface. The velocity of an atom can be close to the velocity of light. The material properties are taken into account using a single oscillator model of the atomic dynamic polarizability and the Drude dielectric function of a metal substrate. The limit cases of nonrelativistic velocities and an ideal metal substrate are also considered. We have found specific dependence of the calculated forces on the velocity (energy), distance and material properties.     

Fluctuational dissipative electromagnetic interaction between a nanoprobe and a surface

In the framework of fluctuational electromagnetic theory, analytical expressions are obtained for the dynamic dissipative damping forces acting on the probe of an atomic-force microscope (AFM), as well as between two plane surfaces at their contact. The contacts between materials typical of AFM, quartz-microbalance, and surface-force apparatus experiments are considered. The conditions for nondissipative slide are discussed. A comparison between the calculated oscillator quality factor associated with fluctuational dissipative forces and its values obtained in AFM experiments with a silicon probe and a mica sample shows that they are of the same order of magnitude; therefore, an experimental investigation of such forces is feasible.     

Dynamic fluctuation electromagnetic interaction of a nonrelativistic quadrupole particle with a flat surface

Within the framework of the nonrelativistic fluctuation electromagnetic theory, relationships for the quadrupole-quadrupole contribution to the tangential and normal components of the force acting on a particle moving parallel to the polarizing surface are derived for the first time. Consideration is given to the cases when the particle possesses a permanent quadrupole moment or a fluctuation quadrupole moment and the surface is characterized by a local dielectric function.     

Dynamics of a nanoparticle rotating in the near field of a heated solid surface

General expressions for the force of attraction to the surface and the projections of torque exerted on a particle rotating near a solid surface at an arbitrary orientation of the angular velocity vector have been found. It has been shown that the particle decelerates over time and the angular velocity vector tends to be oriented perpendicularly to the surface at any initial conditions.

     

Fluctuation electromagnetic interaction of moving particles with a cylindrical surface and a channel

The most general (nonrelativistic) analytical formulas are deduced in the framework of the fluctuation electromagnetic theory for the dynamic conservative and dissipative forces experienced by a neutral atom moving parallel to the generatrix of a cylindrical surface. As in the case of a flat surface, a finite friction force proportional to the velocity exists at T=0.     

The relativistic theory of fluctuation electromagnetic interactions of moving neutral particles with a flat surface

The problem concerning the fluctuation electromagnetic interaction of a neutral particle moving parallel to the boundary of a semi-infinite homogeneous isotropic medium characterized by a permittivity and permeability dependent on the frequency is considered in terms of the fluctuation electrodynamic theory within the relativistic formalism. It is assumed that, in the general case, the particle and the medium have different temperatures. Within the proposed approach, general expressions are derived both for conservative (normal to the boundary of the medium) and nonconservative (tangential) forces of the interaction between the particle and the medium and for the thermal heating (cooling) rate of the particle. In the nonrelativistic limit (c → ∞), the derived relationships coincide with nonrelativistic analogs available in the literature. It is demonstrated that the tangential force acting on the particle can be either accelerating or decelerating. There can occur a situation when the hot moving particle will be heated and the cold medium will be cooled. The interaction of the high-conductivity medium with a high-conductivity particle is analyzed numerically. The asymptotics of the radiative contributions to the heat flux and the tangential force is investigated. It is shown that the inclusion of the relativistic effects leads to a substantial increase in the tangential force and the heat flux at distances greater than 1 μm (as compared to the nonrelativistic case); however, the corresponding dependences exhibit a monotonic decreasing behavior over the entire range of studied distances (from zero to several hundreds of microns). __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 45, No. 10, 2003, pp. 1729–1741. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Dedkov, Kyasov.     

Radiative heat exchange of spherical particles with plates of a metal and an insulator

Radiative heat exchange of a stationary spherical particle with a plate has been investigated in terms of fluctuation electrodynamics. The cases of metal and insulator materials (gold and silicon dioxide) of particles and plates have been numerically analyzed. Several theoretical models of thermal conductance have been compared and the results have been juxtaposed with the available experimental data.     

Conservative—dissipative interaction forces and heating caused by a fluctuation electromagnetic field: Two plates in a nonrelativistic relative motion

The heating rate and conservative—dissipative forces in a system of two parallel plates moving at a nonrelativistic velocity with respect to each other have been calculated in terms of the fluctuation electromagnetic electrodynamics for the first time. It has been demonstrated that the recently proposed relativistic theory of fluctuation electromagnetic interactions in the configuration under consideration offers fundamental disadvantages.     

The dynamical Casimir-Polder force in relativistic atomic motion near the surface of a thick plate

The dynamical Casimir-Polder force between a neutral atom (in the ground state) and a thick plate in relativistic motion of the atom in the direction parallel to the surface has been calculated. The material properties have been considered in the framework of the oscillator model of the atom and the Drude dielectric function for a plate. The limiting cases of the nonrelativistic velocity and perfectly conducting material of the plate have been discussed. A complex dependence of the force on the velocity (energy), the distance, and the material properties of the surface has been found.     

Fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of a moving neutral particle with a condensed-medium surface: relativistic approach

A relativistic theory of the fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of a moving small particle with a flat boundary of a homogeneous isotropic polarizable medium is presented for the first time with a maximum degree of completeness. The theory is based on the dipole approximation of fluctuation-electromagnetic theory. Fundamental relativistic expressions are derived for conservative and dissipative forces and heating power of a particle. These expressions reduce to earlier nonrelativistic results in particular cases. The results obtained in other approaches and experimental studies of fluctuation-electromagnetic interactions are critically analyzed.