基于直链淀粉衍生物手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法拆分4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体及其分离机制的探讨

建立了以直链淀粉衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体的方法。考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相改性剂和添加剂的体积分数、柱温和流速等对4种药物对映体分离的影响。结果表明:在Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱上,在正己烷-乙醇-二乙胺(20∶80∶0.03,v/v/v)为流动相、流速0.550 mL/min、柱温40℃的条件下,普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛对映体均达到基线分离,分离度分别为1.37、1.80、2.09和4.70。通过热力学研究及对映体结构分析对拆分机理进行了探讨,发现4种药物对映体的手性拆分均为焓驱动过程,而固定相的手性空腔对不同药物的拆分影响较大。研究结果为β-受体阻滞剂的深入研究提供了参考方法。     

柱切换技术-高效液相色谱法快速检测大鼠血浆中的普萘洛尔对映体

建立了快速检测大鼠血浆中普萘洛尔对映体浓度的柱切换-高效液相色谱法。将自制限进填料柱作为预处理柱,通过直接进样方式,使普萘洛尔对映体在预处理柱上保留,同时除去血浆中的蛋白质等大分子;再通过柱切换技术,使普萘洛尔对映体在键合型纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(Chiralcel OD-RH)分析柱上得到手性拆分。通过条件优化,确定切换前预处理流动相为硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.5)-甲醇(95:5, v/v),流速为1.0 mL/min;切换后分析流动相为异丙醇-乙醇-0.2 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.5)(30:30:40, v/v/v),流速为0.8 mL/min;切换时间为3 min;柱温为25 ℃;检测波长为293 nm。普萘洛尔两对映体在25～500 mg/L的质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9995), 3个加标水平(50、100、250 mg/L)的平均回收率为97.89%～101.56%,日内和日间精密度均小于5%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适于血浆样本中手性药物的药代动力学研究。     

手性固定相反相高效液相色谱法分析普萘洛尔对映体

建立了一种直接分析普萘洛尔对映体的RP-HPLC方法.采用ChiralPAKR AD-RH为色谱柱,以:V(20 mmmol/L H3BO3缓冲溶液(pH9.0)):V(乙腈):V(乙醇):V(四氢呋喃)=60:20:20:10为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为230nm,建立了普萘洛尔对映体的反相高效液相色谱的方法,并用于实际样品盐酸普萘洛尔片的测定.实验证明:普茶洛尔两对映体完全分离(Rs=2.17),在0.448～6.72×10-5mg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,R-( )-普萘洛尔和S-(-)-普萘洛尔的平均回收率为97.50%和96.92%,可以作为实际样品含量测定的方法.     

新型衍生化β-环糊精液相色谱键合相拆分和测定人体血浆中普萘洛尔对映体

采用对硝基苯氨基甲酸酯衍生化6-叠氮基β-环糊精,将衍生化的配体与含炔键的SBA-15硅胶进行点击反应(Click chemistry),合成新型对硝基苯氨基甲酸酯化β-环糊精键合SBA-15硅胶手性固定相(NPCSP)。在极性有机溶剂模式下,成功实现了β-受体阻滞剂普萘洛尔对映体的快速手性分离,探讨了流动相中甲醇含量、冰醋酸与三乙胺的浓度和温度等对其手性分离的影响。优化的色谱条件为:流动相组成为乙腈-甲醇-冰醋酸-三乙胺(90∶10∶1.25∶2.25,V/V),温度为288 K,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为20μL,波长为290 nm。该条件下的分离度为2.04,拆分时间短(<15 min)。以氢氯噻嗪为内标,采用HPLC-MS选择离子监测模式([M+H]+m/z 260.10)定量测定血浆中普萘洛尔的含量,在2.5~250μg/L的浓度范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1μg/L。结果表明,本手性固定相对普萘洛尔对映体具有良好的手性拆分能力,所建立的分析方法灵敏、准确、简便、快速,可用于人体血浆中普萘洛尔对映体的测定及药代动力学研究。     

直链淀粉手性固定相分离马来酸曲美布汀和昂丹司琼对映体

建立了马来酸曲美布汀和昂丹司琼对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。使用Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱,采用正相洗脱方式,考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类和浓度、酸碱比(冰乙酸-三乙胺)、柱温及流速等因素对对映体拆分的影响。确定了最佳拆分条件:分离马来酸曲美布汀的流动相为正己烷-异丙醇-冰乙酸-三乙胺(97∶3∶0.1∶0.3),流速为0.6mL/min;分离昂丹司琼的流动相为正己烷-异丙醇-冰乙酸-三乙胺(70∶30∶0.2∶0.4),流速为0.4mL/min,柱温均为20℃。在上述色谱条件下,两种手性药物对映体达到基线分离。     

纤维素键合手性固定相拆分6种萘满酮衍生物对映体

使用Chiralpak IC（纤维素-三（3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯）共价键合硅胶）手性柱,建立了采用手性固定相高效液相色谱拆分6种 α -芳基萘满酮类衍生物对映体的方法。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类和比例、柱温和流速对对映体分离的影响。结果显示6种化合物在异丙醇为改性剂的条件下均可获得较高的对映体分离度。热力学研究表明6种化合物对映体的手性拆分过程均受焓驱动影响,且低温有利于对映体分离。最终推荐分离化合物Ⅰ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（90：10,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（99：1,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅴ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（85：15,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅵ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（80：20,v/v）。柱温为25℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。6种化合物对映体均可在Chiralpak IC手性固定相上得到完全分离,证明该色谱柱对6种化合物具有较高的对映体选择性。     

衍生化β-环糊精手性固定相液相色谱拆分和测定药片中的阿替洛尔对映体

以有序介孔材料(SBA-15)为基质,制备了一种二硝基苯醚化β-环糊精键合SBA-15液相色谱手性固定相(NESP)。优化了流动相和温度等色谱条件,在极性有机溶剂模式下,采用实验室自制的手性柱,实现了阿替洛尔对映体的快速拆分。优化的流动相组成为乙腈/甲醇/冰醋酸/三乙胺(90∶10∶2.5∶3.0,v/v/v/v),流速为0.5mL/min,柱温为20℃,检测波长为275 nm。在上述色谱条件下,阿替洛尔对映体的分离度为1.73,分析时间约为20 min。阿替洛尔药片经甲醇提取并直接进样分析,实现了阿替洛尔片剂中对映体含量的测定。阿替洛尔的两对映体的质量浓度在2.5~100 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r分别为0.999 2和0.998 9)。采用标准添加法测得两对映体在片剂中的回收率为94.60%~97.24%。样品测定结果的日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别不大于0.92%和1.86%(n=5)。按3倍信噪比确定出最小检测质量浓度为0.2 mg/L。该方法简便、选择性好、回收率较高,自制环糊精手性柱可降低测试成本,在手性药物的快速质量监测和药代动力学研究中具有良好的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法拆分阿折地平对映体

建立了阿折地平对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。采用Chiralpak AD-H (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm, Daicel公司)手性色谱柱在正相条件下直接拆分阿折地平对映体,考察了固定相种类、流动相组成及柱温等对阿折地平对映体分离的影响。确定了最佳的拆分条件: 流动相为正己烷-异丙醇(90:10, v/v),流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm;柱温为20 ℃;在此条件下阿折地平对映体的分离度为3.3。该法简单快速,重现性好。     

高效液相色谱法手性分离联萘二酚苯甲酸酯对映体

采用Chirex(S)-LEU(S)-NEA、ChiralcelOD-H和ChiralpakAD-H手性色谱柱直接拆分了2′-羟基-1,1′-联萘-2-苯甲酸酯(HBNB)、1,1′-联萘-2,2′-二苯甲酸酯(BNDB)和2′-甲氧基-1,1′-联萘-2-苯甲酸酯(MBNB)对映体。分别考察了流动相组成、柱温和化合物结构对手性分离的影响。结果表明:3对联萘二酚苯甲酸酯对映体在ChiralpakAD-H柱上的拆分效果最好。当采用正己烷/异丙醇(40/60,v/v)为流动相时,HBNB、BNDB和MBNB对映体的分离因子(α)和分离度(Rs)分别为1.76、1.74、1.40和6.47、7.81、4.75。对比联萘二酚(BN)的分离,从联萘分子中2-位取代基、对映体出峰顺序和热力学参数等方面探讨了相关手性分离机理。     

毛细管电泳法和高效液相色谱法拆分联萘二酚酸对映体

采用毛细管电泳法和高效液相色谱法直接拆分2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联二萘-3,3′-二甲酸(HBNC)对映体.以四种不同的β-环糊精为手性添加剂,考察环糊精的种类与浓度、缓冲液pH值及浓度、分离电压、温度等因素对HBNC分离的影响.结果表明:采用10 mmol/L磺丁基醚-β-环糊精+20 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.0),20 kV分离电压,HBNC对映体在20 min内达到基线分离,分离度达到3.31.采用(S)-叔-亮氨酸基-(S)-1-(α-萘基)乙胺手性柱,正己烷-乙醇-三氟乙酸(97∶3∶0.2,V/V)流动相,HBNC对映体在40 min内也基本达到基线分离.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定离体角膜灌流液中8个普萘洛尔衍生物

为了解促渗透剂对不同物质的促渗透能力,建立了采用高效液相色谱分离测定8个普萘洛尔衍生物的分析方法。采用盒式给药技术在离体角膜上皮侧给予普萘洛尔衍生物,内皮侧接收灌流液,用甲醇沉淀蛋白、高速离心后进样,采用Agilent Zorbax Extend色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.03%(v/v)磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相,在3%A～20%A间梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,检测波长205 nm。结果表明,该方法可在31 min内实现离体角膜灌流液中8个衍生物的完全分离和定量,线性范围为0.2(0.1)～40.0 μmol/L,线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.9970。其加样回收率为91.12%～105.73%,日内精密度(相对标准偏差(RSD))为1.00%～11.63%,日间精密度为1.18%～18.58%,样本冻存、冻融稳定性良好。该法适用于离体角膜灌流、细胞小室培养等跨膜吸收研究中普萘洛尔衍生物的检测。     

Determination of metoprolol enantiomers in human plasma and saliva samples utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive, accurate and reliable bioanalytical method for the enantioselective determination of metoprolol in plasma and saliva samples utilizing liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Human plasma and saliva samples were pretreated by microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) prior to analysis. A new MEPS syringe form with two inputs was used. Metoprolol enantiomers and internal standard pentycaine (IS) were eluted from MEPS sorbent using isopropanol after removal of matrix interferences using aliquots of 5% methanol in water. Complete separation of metoprolol enantiomers was achieved on a Cellulose‐SB column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using isocratic elution with mobile phase 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in hexane–isopropanol (80:20, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. A post‐column solvent‐assisted ionization was applied to enhance metoprolol ionization signal in positive mode monitoring (+ES) using 0.5% formic acid in isopropanol at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The total chromatographic run time was 10 min for each injection. The detection of metoprolol in plasma and saliva samples was performed using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in +ES under the following mass transitions: m/z 268.08 → 72.09 for metoprolol and m/z 303.3 → 154.3 for IS. The linearity range was 2.5–500 ng/mL for both R‐ and S‐metoprolol in plasma and saliva. The limits of detection and quantitation for both enantiomers were 0.5 and 2.5 ng/mL respectively, in both matrices (plasma and saliva). The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were presented in terms of RSD values for replicate analysis of quality control samples and were <5%; the accuracy of determinations varied from 96 to 99%. The method was able to determine the therapeutic levels of metoprolol enantiomers in both human plasma and saliva samples successfully, which can aid in therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical laboratories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定精油中的7种雌性激素

建立了采用同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时快速测定精油中7种雌性激素(雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚)的方法。样品中雌性激素用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(2:98, v/v)溶液提取后,经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,通过ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH SHELD RP18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)、以水-乙腈作流动相梯度洗脱对7种雌性激素进行分离,采用串联质谱在负离子扫描方式下通过多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性定量分析。以雌三醇-D3、雌二醇-D3、己烯雌酚-D6为内标,有效减少了样品基质的影响。该方法对精油中7种雌激素的检出限(LOD)为0.3～7 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1～20 μg/kg。待测物与内标物定量离子的峰面积比值与待测物的质量浓度在20～500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.997;在20～500 μg/kg范围内3个水平的加标平均回收率为88.5%～114.8%,日内精密度(以相对标准偏差计)(n=6)为4.8%～18.9%。应用该方法对浙江杭州地区不同超市或美容院随机采集的12份精油样品进行测定的结果显示,有1份样品含有雌二醇和雌酮,其余11份样品均未检出雌性激素。     

Simultaneous determination of 17 bisphenols in polycarbonate by ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A novel method was developed for the first time for the determination of 17 bisphenols by ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Under the optimal conditions, 17 bisphenols were separated successfully on a high density diol column in 9 min using methanol and carbon dioxide as mobile phase. 0.02% ammonium hydroxide/methanol v/v was used as the post‐column compensation solvent to improve response of mass spectrometry. Linear relations of matrix‐matched calibration curve were favorable over the selected concentration range of 1–100 μg/kg with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9981. The method limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.1–0.5 μg/kg and 0.5–2.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiked levels in polycarbonate were in the range of 81.8–114.5%. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions for six replicates were below 15.0%. This method was successfully applied to determine bisphenols in polycarbonate.     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法同时测定配合饲料中29种兽药

建立了同时测定配合饲料中喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和硝基呋喃类共计29种兽药的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。饲料样品用甲醇-乙腈(1:1, v/v)混合溶液提取,提取液经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测。以甲醇和含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的水溶液作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,用C18色谱柱分离,正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测。29种兽药在0.01～5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;在复合预混饲料、全价配合饲料、浓缩饲料中4个添加水平下29种兽药的平均回收率在61.2%～94.3%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～15.0%;方法的检出限(以信噪比大于10计)为0.01 mg/kg或0.05 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、准确,重现性好,灵敏度高,适用于配合饲料中多种兽药的同时检测。     

Simultaneous enantioselective determination of omeprazole,rabeprazole, lansoprazole,and pantoprazole enantiomers in human plasma by chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Proton pump inhibitors, including omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole, achieved simultaneous enantioselective determination in the human plasma by chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The four corresponding stable isotope‐labeled proton pump inhibitors were adopted as the internal standards. Each enantiomer and the internal standards were extracted with acetonitrile containing 0.1% ammonia, then separated with a Chiralpak IC column (5 µm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) within 10 min. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile–ammonium acetate (10 mM) containing 0.2% acetic acid (50:50, v/v). To quantify all enantiomers, an API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer was used, and multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed on m/z 360.1→242.1, 384.1→200.1, 370.1→252.1, and 346.1→198.1, respectively. No significant matrix effect was observed for all analytes. The calibration curve for all enantiomers were linear from 1.25 to 2500 ng/mL. The precisions for intra‐ and inter‐run were < 14.2%, and the accuracy fell in the interval of –5.3 to 8.1%. Stability of samples was confirmed under the storage and processing conditions. The developed method was also suitable for separation and determination of ilaprazole enantiomers. The validated method combining the equilibrium dialysis method was applied to the protein binding ratio studies of four pairs proton pump inhibitor enantiomers in human plasma.     

Enantioseparation of N‐acetyl‐glutamine enantiomers by LC–MS/MS and its application to a plasma protein binding study

A novel chiral method was developed and validated to determine N‐acetyl‐glutamine (NAG) enantiomers by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Enantioseparation was achieved on a Chiralpak QD‐AX column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using methanol–water (50 mm ammonium formate, pH 4.3; 70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 500 μL/min. The detection was operated with an electrospray ionization source interface in positive mode. The ion transition for NAG enantiomers was m/z 189.0 → 130.0. The retention time of N‐acetyl‐l ‐glutamine and N‐acetyl‐d ‐glutamine were 15.2 and 17.0 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.02–20 μg/mL with r > 0.99. The deviation of accuracy and the coefficient of variation of within‐run and between‐run precision were within 10% for both enantiomers, except for the lower limit of quantification (20 ng/mL), where they deviated <15%. The recovery was >88% and no obvious matrix effect was observed. This method was successfully applied to investigate the plasma protein binding of NAG enantiomers in rats. The results showed that the plasma protein binding of NAG enantiomers was stereoselective. The assay method also exhibited good application prospects for the clinical monitoring of free drugs in plasma.     

气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析烟草中49种农药残留

采用改进的QuEChERS(quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)前处理法,结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术建立了检测烟草中49种农药残留的分析方法。样品用含0.1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,提取液被氮吹至干后,残渣用乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1:1, v/v)溶液溶解,溶解液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂、无水MgSO4、C18吸附剂净化后,直接进行GC-MS/MS测定,内标法定量。实验结果表明,49种农药在低质量浓度(0.05 μg/L)的加标水平下的平均加标回收率为60.4%～104.8%,高质量浓度(5 μg/L)的平均加标回收率为70%～115%,相对标准偏差均小于15%;其中16种农药的方法检出限(LOD)分别为0.01～0.03 μg/kg,其余33种农药的LOD均小于0.01 μg/kg;相关系数都大于或等于0.991。该方法样品前处理简单、分析时间短、灵敏度和精密度均符合农药多残留痕量检测技术的要求,适用于烟草中多种农药残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中五种黄色化工染料

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)建立了食品中非法添加的碱性橙、碱性嫩黄、酸性橙I、酸性橙II和酸性黄36这5种黄色工业染料的定量定性分析方法。使用Agilent ODS C18分离柱(50 mm×2.0 mm, 1.8 μm),以5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈(3:2, v/v)为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min。采用电喷雾离子化源,以多反应监测(MRM)方式分别在正、负离子模式下进行检测。在最佳检测条件下,得到了较宽的线性范围和较低的定量检出限。碱性橙和碱性嫩黄的线性范围均为5.0～80.0 mg/L;酸性橙I、酸性橙II及酸性黄36的线性范围均为10.0～160.0 μg/L。食品中碱性橙、碱性嫩黄、酸性橙I、酸性橙II及酸性黄36的定量限分别为20、20、40、40、40 ng/g。该方法重现性较好,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别不大于0.50%和2.14%。本研究还测定了鸡肉、豆制品和黄鱼中添加的5种化工染料,回收率在79.8%~95.2%之间,结果令人满意。