HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置磁场测量

 在HIRFL-CSR实验环电子冷却装置上采用了独立的高精度螺线管串联产生纵向磁场的设计,获得很高的冷却段磁场平行度。使用霍尔片测量磁场的分布,使用磁针测磁方法测量冷却段磁场的磁轴偏角,并根据测量及计算结果对单个线圈磁轴进行微调。测量及调试结果表明,在施加电流为额定电流的一半时,冷却段磁感应强度为0.078 T,剩余磁场小于2×10^-4 T,磁场不平行度小于1×10^-4,达到了预期的设计目标。     

磁场电流稳定器

论文中所叙述的磁场电流稳定器是β谱仪的一部分。基本上它也能应用在其他需要稳定电流的仪器上。它能控制的电流最大可到100安。稳定的程度是在10分钟内电流的变动不超过0.02％。稳定器采用负反馈伺服控制原理。首先将通过标准电阻的直流电流的误差讯号加以放大。为了避免直流电压放大器的漂移效应,我们桥式式平衡调制器将直流讯号变成交变讯号后再用交流放大,然后用相灵敏解调器恢复直流讯号。在这一过程中需要的增益大约是2×10⁴,我们要考虑到调制器输出点在没有讯号输入时零电位的保持,调制器的载波成分输出问题,和经过放大后调制输出讯号的波形畸变。我们把放大后的讯号再加以功率放大来控制直流发电机的激励磁场,这样就能达到稳定电流的目的。因为在系统中存在着电容和电感,讯号在系统中傅递时就有时间延迟,在闭环系统就会产生低频振荡的不稳定现象。所以在系统中安装抵消这种振荡的镇定网络也是一种必要的措施。论文的最后部分描述稳定器的部件,具体的安排,运转结果和性能。     

GaAs抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子的磁场效应

应用变分法和改进的线性组合算符法,研究了磁场对抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子振动频率和相互作用能的影响.给出了GaAs抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子的振动频率和相互作用能与磁场和约束强度的依赖关系.对GaAs晶体作了数值计算,结果显示:极化子振动频率和相互作用能都随约束强度和外磁场的增加而增大.     

具有倾斜极化层的自旋阀结构中磁翻转以及磁振荡模式的微磁模拟

基于自由层与钉扎层均为垂直磁各向异性的自旋阀结构,采用微磁学模拟与傅里叶分析相结合的技术,研究了极化层磁矩小角度倾斜情形下自由层磁矩的进动翻转特性.通过沿样品垂直膜面方向同时施加电流与磁场,观察到自由层磁矩垂直膜面方向分量的平均值随磁场的演化翻转曲线中出现了多个凹槽.模拟研究结果表明:在一定的电流范围内,凹槽出现的位置与电流大小无关;而在固定的应用电流下,凹槽出现的位置将会受到样品厚度的影响;在凹槽区域内,非一致进动模式、自旋驻波模式、局域自旋波模式等多种磁振荡模式被激发.通过傅里叶分析,得到了各种磁振荡模式的频谱,频谱中的频率分布体现出了倍频以及间谐波的频率特性.     

外磁场对(Ga,Mn)As有效g因子的影响

利用时间分辨Kerr旋光技术测量低温下稀磁半导体Ga0.937Mn0.063As中光注入极化载流子的自旋进动信号,并观察到自旋极化载流子的有效g因子值随外磁场的增强而增大的反常现象.这归结于磁场导致局域化空穴转化为非局域化空穴,从而使自发磁化强度增强,有效g因子值增大.基于此物理图像,进一步给出了(Ga,Mn)As的有效g因子与外磁场的关系式.     

垂直自由层倾斜极化层自旋阀结构中的磁矩翻转和进动

在理论上研究了垂直自由层和倾斜极化层自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩驱动的磁矩翻转和进动.通过线性展开包括自旋转移矩项的Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert方程并使用稳定性分析方法,得到了包括准平行稳定态、准反平行稳定态、伸出膜面进动态以及双稳态的磁性状态相图.发现通过调节电流密度和外磁场的大小可以实现磁矩从稳定态到进动态之间的转化以及在两个稳定态之间的翻转.翻转电流随外磁场的增加而增加,并且受自旋极化方向的影响.当自旋极化方向和自由层易磁化轴方向平行时,翻转电流最小;当自旋极化方向和自由层易磁化轴方向垂直时,翻转电流最大.通过数值求解微分方程,给出了不同磁性状态磁矩随时间的演化轨迹并验证了相图的正确性.     

磁光调制方位传递系统中螺线管近轴区磁场影响分析

磁光调制方位传递系统中,交变电流驱动内置磁光材料的螺线管磁场至关重要,直接关系到方位信息的传递精度。研究了交变电流驱动的螺线管内磁场对方位信息传递精度的影响。首先,利用麦克斯韦方程构建空心螺线管电磁场模型,分析驱动信号频率对磁场的影响;然后结合安培环路定律建立内置磁光材料的螺线管内部磁场模型;最后分析无松弛极化介质、松弛极化介质、驱动信号频率等对系统方位传递精度的影响。结果表明:驱动信号频率是影响系统方位传递精度的重要因素,且方位传递误差存在规律性;无松弛极化介质与松弛极化介质对系统方位传递精度的影响程度相当。该结果为研究磁光调制方位传递系统的方位传递精度与系统优化设计提供了参考。     

μ-介子在He3原子核上的俘获

本文计算了μ介子在He³核上俘获的几率、末态H³核的角分布和极化。所采用的理论是带有重正化效应(包含弱磁矩及赝标项)的V-A普适弱作用理论。在计算中考虑了μ和He³核在始态有极化及处于不同超精细态上的情况。在计算中假定了He³核的基态是纯S态,这时忽略了由张量力以及其他自旋轨道耦合力引起的其他态。介子交换电流的效应也没有考虑。在以上这两个假定下,我们证明了俘获几率中只包含一个未知的原子核矩阵元,这个矩阵元恰好是原子核密度函数的富氏分量。利用μ介子(或电子)与He³(或H³)原子核的散射可以确定这个未知矩阵元。     

磁场中束缚极化子的有效质量

研究磁场中束缚极化子有效质量的性质,采用改进的线性组合算符和变分法讨论了磁场中强、弱耦合极化子的振动频率和有效质量与磁场B和库仑势的关系。以RbCl晶体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:强耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率λ和有效质量m^*随磁场B的增加而增大。弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率λ也随磁场的增加而增加,并且发现由于库仑势的存在,使得强耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率λ和有效质量m^*有所增大。弱耦合磁极化子的有效质量仅和耦合强度α有关。     

导磁导电球体在均匀谐变磁场中产生的磁场分布规律

从求解导磁导电各向同性球体的赫兹矢量π*出发,推导出了导磁导电球体置于均匀谐变低频弱磁场中球体产生的磁场分布规律和球频率函数.     

Detection of 3He spins with ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance employing SQUIDs for application to a neutron electric dipole moment experiment

The precession of ³He spins is detected with ultra-low field NMR. The absolute strength of the NMR signal is accurately measured and agrees closely with theoretical calculations. The sensitivity is analyzed for applications to a neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) fundamental symmetry experiment under development.     

Single-pulse nuclear echo signals in magnetically ordered media

An analytical expression for the amplitude of a single-pulse nuclear echo signal generated in magnetically ordered materials is obtained taking into account the inhomogeneous broadening of the spectroscopic transition and the inhomogeneous distribution of the gain with an average value of greater than unity. It is shown that, in this signal, summation of the oscillations of nuclear magnetic moments with equal amplitudes and phases occurs at each instant of time. The cause of the effective suppression of the nuclear magnetic moment oscillations in the initial portion of the free precession signal is revealed analytically. The dependence of the amplitude of the one-pulse echo signal on the strength of an external alternating magnetic field, the pulse duration, and the width of the gain distribution is determined. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data for a Co₂MnSi ferromagnetic polycrystalline sample.     

利用高温超导直流量子干涉器件进行10$lt;sup$gt;-6$lt;/sup$gt; T量级磁场下核磁共振的研究

研究了水样品在10^-6 T量级磁场下的核磁共振谱.核磁共振信号由一个工作在液氮温度的高温超导直流量子干涉仪记录,测量在一个简易磁屏蔽室中进行.在7—70 μT的磁场范围内都观察到了15 ml水样品的核磁共振信号.相应的^1H的核磁共振频率为300—3000 Hz.在实验中获取的单次测量信噪比约为4,通过对信号的100次平均,信噪比可达到约40.进一步讨论了剩余磁场、预极化时间和采样时间对结果的影响.最后用数字滤波之后平均的方法初步得到了时域的自由感应衰减信号. 关键词： 超导量子干涉仪 核磁共振     

Magnetic moment of the 3/2 + state in 165Ho

The Larmor precession for the 362 keV state in ¹⁶⁵Ho(I ^π ?=?3/2^?+?, T _1/2?=?1.512 μs) in Dy₂O₃ with an external magnetic field of 0.3 T was determined to be ??32.3 ± 0.6 MHz by use of the perturbed angular correlation technique, intending to determine the magnetic moment and apply it to the measurement of the hyperfine field at Ho in Fe. The magnetic moment for this state was tentatively deduced under the assumption that the paramagnetic correction factor for a free Ho^3?+? ion is applicable to the present case. The independent A ₂₂ measurement for the 633???362 keV γ cascade for the sign assignment of the Larmor frequency is inconsistent with that from known multipolarities and mixing ratios for this cascade, implying that the mixing ratios may be different from the reported values.     

The magnetic dipole moment of the 91 keV state of147Pm

The magnetic dipole interaction of the 91 keV state of¹⁴⁷Pm in an environment of metallic neodymium has been investigated by a time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) experiment. The measurement was performed in an external magnetic field of 2.94 (3) T at room temperature. From the Larmor precession frequency the magnetic dipole moment of the 91 keV state is derived as =+3.22(16) _K. The enhancement of the external magnetic field by the paramagnetic 4f shell determines the ionicity of the Pm ion as Pm³⁺ in metallic and as Pm⁴⁺ in non-metallic sources.     

Resonant excitation of single-pulse nuclear spin echo in magnetically ordered media

An analytical expression for a single-pulse nuclear echo signal in magnetically ordered materials has been obtained taking into account inhomogeneous broadening of the spectroscopic transition and non-uniform distribution of the enhancement factor. The signal has been shown to result from superimposing the nuclear magnetic moment oscillations of the same amplitude and phase that arise upon termination of a radio-frequency pulse. The cause for the effective suppression of oscillations of nuclear magnetic moments in the initial phase of the free precession signal has been determined analytically. The single-pulse echo signal amplitude has been found as a function of the external variable magnetic field strength, the exciting pulse duration, the inhomogeneous NMR line broadening, and the distribution width of the enhancement factor. The results have been compared with experimental data observed in a Co₂MnSi ferromagnetic polycrystalline sample. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 387–394, May–June, 2009.     

奥托·斯特恩对质子磁矩的研究

因为对分子束方法的发展和对质子磁矩的发现,奥托·斯特恩获得了1943年的诺贝尔物理学奖.1933年,斯特恩和他的合作者测量了质子磁矩.质子磁矩的测量,拓展了人类探索微观世界的途径,加速了人们认知核子结构的进程.以文献研究法为主要手段,从质子磁矩测量实验本身展开,深入挖掘了斯特恩等人关于质子磁矩测量工作的全过程,旨在厘清斯特恩等人在质子磁矩测量工作方面的开创性贡献,以及该实验对于20世纪30年代原子核物理学发展的贡献所在.     

Some principles in choosing parameters of magnetic resonance tomographs

The problem of amplifying the signal that ensures the visualization of internal organs in the magnetic resonance tomograph due to the optimal selection of some of its parameters has been considered. The operating principle of the tomograph has been analyzed. The relation between the angle of the magnetic moment precession in hydrogen nuclei in an organism, the frequency of the ac magnetic field exciting this precession, and the constant magnetic field used has been determined using quantum-mechanical concepts. This relation makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters for tomograph operation.

     

Fast-field-cycling NMR study of magnetomechanically induced relaxation enhancement in ferrogelatine

We describe a field-cycling magnetic resonance experiment aimed to study the nuclear spinlattice relaxation in the simultaneous presence of an oscillating magnetic field and a magnetomechanically induced perturbation across the sample volume. The studied system is a gelatine doped with surfacted nanosize ferromagnetic particles. The spin system relaxes in coexistence with the magnetic interaction between the dopants and a weak external alternating magnetic field. Due to the interaction between the alternating field and the high magnetic moment of the dopants, a mechanical shaking of the particles becomes effective at low evolution fields. In this way, the particles act as local sonic sources, thus transmitting the vibrations to the gelic matrix where they are trapped. The impact produced on the molecular dynamics is observed through a magnetic resonance relaxation experiment. Saturation of the proton magnetization produced by the alternating magnetic field is also discussed. Results are compared with the direct effects produced by a pure sonic perturbation at the same frequency, introduced by coupling a piezoelectric transducer in direct contact with the sample.     

μ− SR in semiconductorsSR in semiconductors

μ⁻ SR experiments have been performed on Si between room temperature and 6 K. The amplitude of the muon spin precession signal in an applied magnetic field of 0.04 T decreased below 30 K. A zero-field measurement at 6 K revealed a μ⁻ spin precession frequency of 650 MHz. The muonic atom represents an aluminium acceptor in the silicon matrix, its electronic state is responsible for the μSR signal. A possible influence of the γ recoil produced by the X-ray cascade is discussed.