用Z-N催化剂分段聚合制备PP/EPR共混物的结构和形态特征

用Ziegler-Natta(Z-N)催化剂MgCl2/TiCl4/BMF-AlEt3(BMF代表内给电子体9,9-二甲氧基甲基芴),采用分段聚合的方法制备了PP/EPR原位共混物,通过改变乙丙共聚的时间调节聚合物中乙烯的含量.使用核磁共振(13C-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、示差扫描量热分析法(DSC)、动态力学分析(DMA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和偏光显微镜(PLM)等研究了聚合物的结构和形态特征.研究发现,分段聚合制备的PP/EPR共混物是一种包括丙烯均聚物、乙丙无规和嵌段共聚物在内的多组分混合物.动态力学的结果显示混合物中聚丙烯与乙丙无规共聚物的玻璃化转变峰出现了内移现象,说明两者呈现部分相容性.扫描电镜的照片表明了聚丙烯基体与乙丙无规共聚物分散相之间的相界面模糊,两相之间的相容性较好.随着聚合物中乙烯含量的增加,分散相出现明显的塑性变形,同时,聚丙烯的结晶形态也发生明显的变化,球晶的尺寸逐渐变小,同时球晶变得不完善.     

乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物的鉴别

应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物和聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混物的冲击断裂表面形态。结果表明,这二种材料力学性能的差别,明显地反映在它们的断面形态上。前者显示出一种典型的韧性断裂特征;后者则呈现出一种剥离层状结构。~(13)C-NMR分析结果表明,在上述乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物中,确实存在着乙烯-丙烯共聚链段。这是该材料具有良好的抗冲击性能的主要原因。     

氢气对负载型Z-N高效催化剂的乙烯-丙烯共聚产物链结构影响

用球形的负载型Ziegler-Natta（Z-N）高效催化剂，经丙烯均聚一乙烯丙烯气相共聚两段串联反应工艺制备的聚丙烯／乙丙共聚物（PP／EPR）合金具有优良的抗冲击性能，是聚丙烯的重要高性能化改性品种，已实现大批量生产，对这类反应器合金的结构表征和结构性能关系的研究表明，其共聚物组分中既有起弹性体作用的乙丙无规共聚物，也含有相当量的乙丙多嵌段共聚物．这种多嵌段共聚物既与无规共聚物（EPR）相容，又与PP基体相容，在合金中起相容剂作用，对材料高抗冲性能的形成起着重要作用．然而，负载型Z-N高效催化剂催化乙丙共聚合的产物结构及其影响因素至今鲜见系统的研究，调控PP／EPR合金中共聚物结构的原理尚不明确．氢气在聚烯烃生产中广泛用作分子量调节剂，在PP／EPR合金的生产中同样要用氢气调节PP和EPR组分的分子量．但是，加氢对共聚物的链结构有何影响则鲜见系统的研究．本文初步研究了用Z—N高效催化剂合成的乙丙共聚物的结构特征，着重考察了聚合体系中加入链转移剂氢气对共聚物结构的影响．     

茂金属化合物/Zn/BDGE/MAO催化体系合成aPS-b-P(S-co-E)-b-PE嵌段共聚物的研究

采用单茂钛化合物CpTiCl3,有机环氧化合物1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油基醚(BDGE),金属锌(Zn)及甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为催化体系,通过自由基聚合和配位聚合机理合成无规聚苯乙烯-b-聚(苯乙烯-co-乙烯)-b-聚乙烯(aPS-b-P(S-co-E)-b-PE).探讨了温度、时间、乙烯压力及Al/Ti摩尔比对共聚合的影响.所得嵌段共聚物采用DSC,WAXD,GPC和13C-NMR等手段进行了表征.结果表明该共聚物是苯乙烯/乙烯嵌段共聚物,聚苯乙烯链段是无规的,聚乙烯链段具有结晶性.     

同步交联对高乙丙橡胶含量聚丙烯多相共聚物的粒子形态控制作用

基于MgCl_2负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂的丙烯多相共聚(丙烯均聚或与少量乙烯无规共聚和乙烯丙烯无规共聚制备乙丙橡胶的串联聚合)是工业丙烯聚合的主要方法之一,聚合物粒子形态控制是丙烯多相共聚的关键.尤其是对于制备高EPR含量的TPO,如何控制高EPR含量时的产物粒子形态,将EPR限制于粒子内部而不向表面溢出,是丙烯多相共聚需要解决的关键科学问题.本文报道以非共轭α,ω-双烯烃在乙丙无规共聚中使EPR发生同步交联是解决此问题的有效手段.同步交联使EPR的黏弹性发生突变,黏度和弹性迅速增大,抑制了纳米尺度胶粒在分散的催化剂初级粒子表面形成后的迁移及聚集,一方面使EPR在多相共聚物粒子内部分散均匀,另一方面避免了EPR的溢出而使共聚物粒子形态得到保持.本研究为丙烯多相共聚制备高EPR含量聚丙烯热塑性弹性体提供了一种参考方法.     

基于聚乙烯的无规和嵌段接枝共聚物的制备

采用乙烯配位聚合和巯基-烯点击化学相结合的方法制备了羟基封端的线性聚乙烯,末端羟基含量接近100%;利用酰氯与羟基的高效反应,将羟基封端的聚乙烯转化为降冰片烯封端的聚乙烯大单体(PE-NB).使用Grubbs II代催化剂,将大分子单体与降冰片烯(NB)单体进行开环易位共聚,通过调整单体的投料比和加料方式制备了分子量和组成可控的聚降冰片烯-g-聚乙烯(PNB-g-PE)接枝共聚物.其中,无规共聚时,大单体的转化率接近100%,所得无规接枝共聚物的重均分子量为1.79×10~4~3.14×10~4,分子量分布指数为2.09~2.60,聚乙烯链段的质量分数为4.6%~16.8%;而嵌段共聚时,由于空间位阻原因,大单体的转化率约为80%.热分析研究发现,由于空间位阻,接枝共聚物的结晶度较聚乙烯前驱体略有下降,且接枝度越大,结晶能力下降得越多.     

乙丙嵌段共聚物的X-射线衍射研究

用大角X-射线衍射(WAXD)方法对按嵌段聚合程序合成的聚丙烯(PP)和乙丙共聚物(EPR)的嵌段共聚物PP-EPR和PP-EPR-PP,以及相应的混合物进行对比研究.乙丙共聚物及其共混物均发现在2θ=20°处存在由EPR中PP链段引起的γ-晶型衍射峰.通过诠释X-射线衍射图,计算结晶度,微晶尺寸和晶格参数等表明,用δ-TiCl_3-Et_2AlCl催化剂获得了嵌段共聚物结构.     

嵌段共聚物PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH的多重结晶行为

通过采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)主要研究了结晶-非晶嵌段共聚物聚乙烯基环己烷-b-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH)溶液结晶样品的熔融与非等温再结晶过程.探讨了溶液结晶样品中微相分离结构的形成对嵌段共聚物受限结晶的影响,并发现样品在熔融后的非等温结晶过程中出现了多重结晶峰.通过对嵌段共聚物有序、...     

乙烯丙烯嵌段共聚物的合成表征以及结构与性能的研究

第一部分 PP-EPR-PP嵌段共聚物的合成和表征 通过聚丙烯、乙丙共聚物和嵌段共聚物分子量随聚合时间的增大而在间歇加氢下不增大,肯定了本工作所用TiCl_3-Et_2AlCl催化剂有足够长的寿命,有合成嵌段共聚物的可能。由红外光谱确定了向单体和自动离析的链转移反应的存在,分级实验表明在嵌段共聚物中确实含有无规的低分子量的链转移产物,因此生成嵌段杂质是不可避免的。     

聚丙烯-聚磷酸酯嵌段共聚物的设计与合成

以苯乙烯基团封端的聚丙烯(PP-t-St)为起始物,通过马氏加成反应将溴化氢(HBr)加成到该聚丙烯的苯乙烯双键上,得到了苄基溴基团封端的等规聚丙烯(PP-t-BzBr).以PP-t-BzBr为大分子引发剂,引发含磷烯烃单体4-乙烯基苄基膦酸二乙酯(DEVBP)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),合成了一种新型聚丙烯-聚磷酸酯嵌段共聚物(PP-b-PDEVBP,其中PDEVBP嵌段质量含量可达64.3%).对该共聚物进行了1H-NMR表征、示差扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TGA)和微型量热(MCC)分析,结果表明该嵌段共聚物在保持聚丙烯本身的熔点和结晶度的同时,有效降低了热释放速率和提高了高温热分解残余物,可望改善聚丙烯材料的阻燃性.     

Structure and properties of sequentially polymerized propylene-b-[ethylene-co-propylene]-b-propylene copolymers

The structure and properties of presumed block copolymers of polypropylene (PP) with ethylene-propylene random copolymers (EPR), i.e., PP-EPR and PP-EPR-PP, have been investigated by viscometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, and other techniques testing various mechanical properties. PP-EPR and PP-EPR-PP were synthesized using δ-TiCl₃-Et₂-AlCl as a catalyst system. The results indicate that the intrinisic viscosity of these polymers increases with each block-building step, whereas the intrinsic viscosity of those prepared by chain transfer reaction (strong chain-transfer reagent hydrogen was introduced between block-building steps during polymerization) hardly changes with the reaction time. Compared with PP/EPR blends, PP-EPR-PP block copolymers have lower PP and polyethylene crystallinity, and lower melting and crystallization temperatures of crystalline EPR. Two relaxation peaks of PP and EPR appear in the dynamic spectra of blends. They merge into a very broad relaxation peak with block sequence products of the same composition, indicating good compatibility between PP and EPR in the presence of block copolymers. Varying the PP and EPR content affects the crystallinity, density, and morphological structure of the products, which in turn affects the tensile strength and elongation at break. Because of their superior mechanical properties, sequential polymerization products containing PP-EPR and PP-EPR-PP block copolymers may have potential as compatibilizing agents for isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene blends or as potential heat-resistant thermoplastic elastomers.     

Evolution of phase morphology of high impact polypropylene particles upon thermal treatment

Solvent fractionation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that high impact polypropylene (hiPP) produced by a multistage polymerization process consists of PP homopolymer, amorphous ethylene-propylene random copolymer (EPR), and semicrystalline ethylene-propylene copolymer. For the original hiPP particles obtained right after polymerization, direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation reveals a fairly homogeneous morphology of the ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP) phase regions inside, while the polyethylene-rich interfacial layer observed between the EP region and the iPP matrix supports that EP copolymers form on the subglobule surface of the original iPP particles. Compared with that in original hiPP particles, the dispersed EP domains in pellets have much smaller average size and relatively uniform size distribution, indicating homogenization of the EP domains in the hiPP by melt-compounding. Upon heat-treatment, phase reorganization occurs in hiPP, and the dispersed EP domains can form a multiple-layered core-shell structure, comprising a polyethylene-rich core, an EPR intermediate layer and an outer shell formed by EP block copolymer, which accounts to some extent for the good toughness-rigidity balance of the material. The results indicate that to establish the optimum phase structure and desired properties for hiPP, both the architecture of original hiPP particles and subsequent melt-processing conditions should be carefully modulated.     

WAXS studies on block copolymers of ethylene and propylene

Wide-angle X-ray scattering from presumed block copolymers of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR), i.e., PP-EPR and PP-EPR-PP, synthesized by sequential polymerization with δ-TiCl₃? Et₂AlCl, was examined and compared with WAXS of mechanical blends and chain-transfer mixtures of PP and EPR with comparable compositions. The peak at 2θ = 20° for both the copolymers and the mixtures was attributed to the γ modification of PP in EPR. A strong variation in the ratio of diffraction intensities I₀₄₀/I₁₁₀ of PP in block copolymers and mixtures was explained in terms of crystallite growth in different directions. Analysis of the patterns and calculation of crystallinity, crystallite size, and lattice parameters led to the conclusion that block structure existed in the prepared copolymers.     

不同催化体系对乙丙共聚物序列分布的影响

<正> 乙丙橡胶的性能不仅取决于共聚物的组成、分子量及其分布,而且依赖于共聚物的微结构。Natta等认为共聚物中乙烯和丙烯单体链节呈无规分布时可获得性能最好的弹性体。但因催化剂及聚合条件不同,共聚物的单体链节总是存在不同程度的无规、交替及长序列分布。本文采用红外吸收光谱研究了乙丙共聚物的组成及不同催化体系和加入添加剂后对乙丙共聚物序列分布的影响。     

CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMERS PREPARED BY LIVING COORDINATION POLYMERIZATION

In this paper,crystallization kinetics of a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by living polymerization coordination catalyzed by a fluorinated bis(phenoxyimine)Ti catalyst(FI-EP copolymers)was studied,and was compared with that of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst(ZN-EP copolymers).It is found that,the Avrami exponent and the crystallization rate constant of the FI-EP and ZN-EP copolymer show similar dependence on crystallization temperature,bu...     

Liquid-crystalline symmetric triblock copolymers

Symmetric fully liquid-crystalline triblock copolymers of various structures containing optically active mesogenic groups are for the first time synthesized via pseudoliving radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Their phase behavior and physicochemical and optical properties are studied. It is shown that, depending on composition, at low temperatures block copolymers can form at temperatures phase-separated structures caused by microsegregation of blocks of different chemical natures and that, with an increase in temperature, these structures can mix to form a cholesteric mesophase characterized by a helical supramolecular structure. A model illustrating the molecular packing of block copolymers with a phase-separated lamellar structure is advanced. The effect of the molecular structure of the block copolymers on their optical properties is discussed.     

New methodology for synthesizing polyolefinic graft block copolymers and their morphological features

This paper describes a new synthetic route for polyolefinic graft block copolymers by adopting coupling reaction between terminally hydroxylated polyolefins and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins. Terminally hydroxylated polypropylene (PP-OH) was coupled with maleic anhydride modified polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) and such ethylene-propylene random copolymer (EPR-g-MAH) to give polyolefinic graft block copolymers (PE-g-PP and EPR-g-PP, respectively). The formation of PE-g-PP was confirmed by enhancement on molecular weight and it brought about distinctive decrease in size of dispersed domain in its phase separation morphology. Occurrence of coupling reaction to give EPR-g-PP was indicated by extreme decrease in its solubility to n-decane and it led to unique morphology demonstrating lamella microstructure that had never been reported for a comparable polyolefin composite.     

嵌段共聚物OSM1-PCLA-PEG-PCLA-OSM1的合成及其pH和温度敏感性

采用开环聚合法和自由基聚合法合成了生物可降解嵌段共聚物OSM1-PCLA-PEG-PCLA-OSM1, 并对其进行了结构表征. 采用荧光分光光度计和激光粒度仪对共聚物溶液临界胶束浓度(CMC)和粒径大小及分布进行了考察, 研究了温度和pH对共聚物胶束形成的影响. 相转变过程研究结果表明, 共聚物溶液具有pH和温度双重敏感性. 共聚物溶液在一定温度和pH条件下可发生溶液-凝胶相转变.