物质纯重力场部分的能量-动量张量研究

认为物质的质量(能量)存在形式可分为两部分，一部分是以纯物质形式存在的，另一部分是以纯重力场形式存在的.物质质量(能量)这两种形式各自对应着相应的能量 动量张量，物质总的能量-动量张量可表示为Tμν=T(Ⅰ)μν+T(Ⅱ)μν,这里，T(Ⅰ)μν，T（Ⅱ）μν分别代表物质纯物质部分和纯重力场部分的能量-动量张量.通过类比电磁理论，定义：ωμ≡-c2gμ0/g00,并引入一个反对称张量Dμν=ωμ/xν-ων/xμ，则物质纯重力场部分的能量-动量张量为T(Ⅱ)μν=(DμρDρν-gμνDαβDαβ/4 关键词： 能量-动量张量 纯重力场 重力场方程 标量重力势 矢量重力势     

McMillan Tc公式的解析推导(Ⅲ)

本文把作者在前面两篇文章导出的T_c公式推广成下面形式:T_c=αω_log(ω_log/ω_c)^{(μ*/(λ-μ*))exp{-(1+λ)/(λ-μ*)},并从线性Eliashberg方程出发,导出了计算α的方程组。α一般是λ和μ*的函数。在弱耦合极限下,由上述方程组解得,α=2γ/π,其中lnγ=C=0.5772是Euler常数。这个结果表明了,前面两篇文章得到的T_c公式在弱耦合极限下是正确的。作者进而在Einstein谱和μ*=0情形,用数值计算方法从定α的方程组算出当λ=0.23,0.25,0.38和0.48时,a的数值。结果表明,至少在0.23≤λ≤0.45区间中,α变化很小,近似等于1/1.30。此时,本文的T_c公式实际上就是Allen及Dynes修改后的经验的McMillan T_c公式。 关键词：}     

温度对垂直布洛赫线链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响

实验研究了温度对液相外延石榴石磁泡薄膜中条状普通硬磁畴壁内的垂直布洛赫线（ＶＢＬ）链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响。发现存在一对特征温度T⁽¹⁾₀ 和 T⁽²⁾₀（前者比后者略低但均高于室温），在从室温到T⁽²⁾₀的每个温度Ｔ下，使ＶＢＬ逐渐消失的面内磁场Ｈ_ip都分布于一个与Ｔ有关的区间[H_ip⁽¹⁾(T), H_ip⁽²⁾(T)]内，称为临界面内磁场区间：H_ip^{＜H_ip(1)(T)时，ＶＢＬ链保持不变;H_ip(1)(T)< H_ip < H_ip(2)(T)时，随着Ｈ_ip的增加，越来越多的ＶＢＬ消失;H_ip > H_ip(2)(T)时，所有ＶＢＬ都消失。H_ip(1)(T),H_ip(2)(T)及H_ip(2)(T)-H_ip(1)(T)均随Ｔ的升高而下降，前二者分别于T(1)₀ 和 T(2)₀降为零。比值H_ip(2)(T)/H_ip(1)(T)随Ｔ的升高而升高，在低温段（包括室温）升高缓慢且约为21/2,在T(1)₀附近急剧升高且至T(1)₀时趋于∞。对以上结果做了理论分析。 关键词：}     

含物质纯重力场部分贡献的静态和稳态重力场研究

给出了包含重力场贡献在内具有宇宙因子项最普遍形式的重力场方程为Rμν-gμνR/2+λgμν=8πG(T(Ⅰ)μν+T(Ⅱ)μν)/c4，这里λ为Einstein宇宙常数，Ｔ（Ⅰ）μν，Ｔ（Ⅱ）μν分别代表物质纯物质部分和纯重力场部分的能量-动量张量.物质纯重力场部分的能量-动量张量表述为T(Ⅱ)μν=(DμρＤρν-gμνＤαβＤαβ/4)/4πG，式中Dμν的定义为Ｄμν＝ωμ／xν-ων／xμ，ωμ≡-c2gμ0/g00.并用重力场贡献在内最普遍形式的重力场方程分别研究了几个大家所熟悉的静态和稳态重力场，像带有Einstein宇宙因子λ项球对称纯物质球外部静态度规、静态荷电球外部度规、匀速转动星体外部度规及理想纯物质星体内部静态平衡等,并进行了讨论. 关键词： 能量动量张量 重力场方程 静态重力场 稳态重力场     

McMillan Tc公式的解析推导(Ⅱ)——μ*≠0情形

本文把文献[1]的理论以及所得到的T_c公式推广到μ^*≠0情形,得到T_c=(2γ)/πω_log·(ω_log/ω_c)^{(μ*/(λ-μ*))}·exp{-(1+λ)/(λ-μ^*)}. Inγ=C=0.5772是Euler常数。 关键词：     

124Te核1+态和高自旋态能谱特征的微观研究

利用微观sdIBM-2+2q.p.方案，成功地计算出¹²⁴Te核的低自旋态和部分高自旋态，特别是较成功地再现了1⁺₁,1⁺₂,3⁺₁，3⁺₂和5⁺₁态.基于该方案推出的能量关系指认：6⁺₁，8⁺_{关键词： 能谱特征 拆对与顺排 微观sdIBM-2+2q.p.方案 124Te核')" href="#">¹²⁴Te核}     

281—332nm SO+2的光碎片激发谱研究

在超声分子束条件下，利用380.85nm的电离激光使SO₂分子经由［３＋１］共 振增强多光 子电离(REMPI)制备纯净的分子离子SO⁺₂(²A ₁(000))，用另一束解离激光在281 —332nm扫描获得了光解碎片激发(PHOFEX)谱.获得的光碎片SO⁺激发谱基本可以 归属为SO ⁺₂(,)←SO⁺关键词： +₂')" href="#">SO⁺₂ 光解离 光碎片激发谱     

Tc级数解的收敛性质

本文证明了,当|z_ph|c级数解的收敛圆是由奇点决定的,但是只要1/λ<[0.63+3μ⁺(1/Λ₁)] 1/(Λ₁),T_c级数解在收敛圆外仍然是个很好的渐近展开式,其中1/Λ₁=min(|z|,1);μ⁺(x)=(1-2μ^*x)μ^*。 关键词：     

引力理论的场方程与自由粒子运动方程的一般形式

由物质场和引力场的较为广泛的拉氏函数密度及其在(ε^mn,ξ^μ)变换下的不变性出发,导出了引力场方程和自由粒子运动方程的一般形式。它们有着较为广泛的适用性。已表明广义相对论、ECSK理论及R+R²+T²型有挠引力理论等均可作为特殊情况纳入这个体系之中。 关键词：     

McMillan Tc公式的解析推导(Ⅰ)——μ*=0情形

作者在μ^*=0情形,从Eliashberg方程解析地导出如下的T_c公式:T_c=αω_logexp{-b((1+cλ)/λ)},式中α=2γ/π,b=c=1;Inγ=C=0.5772是Euler常数。这个T_c公式只有在T_c=0.36/α(k)以下才是正确的,α是个大于1并随材料而异的常数。我们推测,当T_c超过上述范围后,T_c公式的函数结构很可能不同于McMillan T_c公式,至少α,b和c等参量不再是些不依赖于材料的常数了。 关键词：     

A background-dependent approach to the theory of gravitation II. Relativistic gravitational equations

On the basis of the results of Paper I and guided by a Machian view of nature, we find new gravitational equations which are background dependent. Such equations describe a purely geometrical theory of gravitation, and their dependence on the background structure is through the total energy-momentum tensor on the past sheet of the light cone of each space-time pointx [θ^μν x, say], i.e., through the integral on the past sheet of the light cone ofx of the parallel transport of the energy-momentum tensor from the space-time point in which it is defined tox along the geodesic connecting the two space-time points. Following Gürsey, we assume that the source of the De Sitter metric is not the cosmological term, but, rather, the energy-momentum tensor of a “uniform distribution of mass scintillations” [T ^μν x, say].T ^μν x, indeed, turns out to be equal to the metric tensor times a constant factor. As a consequence, in any local inhomogeneity A of a space-time whose background structure is determined by the Perfect Cosmological Principle,θ ^μν turns out to be approximately equal to the metric tensor times a constant factor, providedT=g _αβ T ^αβ is sufficiently small and the structure of the past sheet of the light cones of the space-time points belonging to Λ is not too much perturbed by the local gravitational field. As a consequence, in Λ the new equations approximately reduce to Einstein's equations. If one considers a “superuniverse model” in which our universe is considered as a local inhomogeneity in a De Sitter background, then from the above result there follows a fortiori the agreement of the new gravitational equations with the classical tests of gravitation. Furthermore, the dependence on the background structure is such that the new equations (i) incorporate the idea that the frame has to be fixeddirectly in connection with cosmological observations, and (ii) are singular in the absence of matter in the whole space-time. Moreover, (iii) the coupling constant turns out to be dimensionless in natural units (c=1=?), and (iv) a local inertial frame in a De Sitter background is determined by the condition that with respect to it the background structure is homogeneous in space and in time and is Lorentz invariant.     

External gravitational interactions in quantum field theory

We consider the renormalization of Green's functions of λφ⁴ quantum field theory in an external gravitational field specified by the metric tensor g^μν(y). Green's functions Γ^(n,3) describing the interaction of j scalar particles to arbitrary order n in the gravitational field are shown to be made finite by the standard renormalizations of the flatspace theory and a renormalization of the coefficient of the improvement term in the action functional. These results in φ⁴ theory can be extended to all renormalizable field theories.     

On the energy-momentum tensor in gauge field theories

The energy-momentum tensor in spontaneously broken non-Abelian gauge field theories is studied. The motivation is to show that recent results on the finiteness and gauge independence of S-matrix elements in gauge theories extends to observable amplitudes for transitions in a gravitational field. Path integral methods and dimensional regularization are used throughout. Green's functions Γ_μν^(j)(q; p₁,…,p_j) involving the energy-momentum tensor and j particle fields are proved finite to all orders in perturbation theory to zero and first order in q, and finite to one loop order for general q. Amputated Green's functions of the energy momentum tensor are proved to be gauge independent on mass shell.     

Derivation and uniqueness of vacuum solutions of conformally covariant coupled nonlinear field equations

We derive the solutions of conformally covariant coupled Dirac and scalar fields including a nonlinear fermion self-coupling term for which the conformally covariant (not the canonical, nor the symmetric) energy-momentum tensor θ_μν vanishes. This “vacuum” state is degenerate.     

Erhaltungssätze und Topologie

Conservation Laws and Topology It is shown, that for every conserved matter tensor T^ν_μ there exists a frame of reference h^a_μ, orthonormalized in a given gravitational field, such that the components h^a_νT^ν_μ are four conserved currents. The definition of global energy-momentum connected with these currents contains as special causes the definition of inertial frames in Minkowski space as well as the definition of energy in a comoving system in presence of Killing vectors in general relativity. Given on the other hand four closed 3-forms in a space-time with non-trivial topology, one can introduce an orthonormal frame of reference h^a_μ in such a way, that the space-time- components of the 1-forms, dual to the given 3-forms, define a symmetric matter tensor, which generates according to Einstein's equations the gravitional field. This means a partly topological definition of matter, since the non-trivially closed part of the 3-forms is determined by the topology of the manifold.     

The energy-momentum tensor in scalar and gauge field theories

A previous study of the energy-momentum tensor in ?⁴ theory and spontaneously broken non-Abelian gauge field theories is extended here to show finiteness to all orders in perturbation theory. Divergences of Green's functions Γ_μν^(j) (q; p₁, …, p_j) involving the energy-momentum tensor θ_μν and j particle fields are removed by counterterms of the ordinary Lagrangian plus a renormalization of the coefficient of the Callan-Coleman-Jackiw improvement term in θ_μν. Physically the extra renormalization means that the mean square “mass radius” of elementary spin zero particles must be specified from experiment.     

超导临界温度理论(Ⅰ)

本文求出了Eliashberg方程在T=T_c时的解,得到了下面的临界温度级数表示式:T_c=α₀(μ^*)(λ〈ω²〉)^1/2{1+1/λα₁(μ^*)〈ω⁴>/〈ω²>²+1/λ²(α₂₁(μ^*)〈ω⁶>/〈ω²>³+α₂₂(μ^*)〈ω⁴>²/〈ω²>⁴) +1/λ³(α₃₁(μ^*)〈ω⁸>/〈ω²>⁴+α₃₂(μ^*)(〈ω⁴>〈ω⁶>)/〈ω²>⁵)+α₃₃(μ^*)〈ω⁴>³/〈ω²>⁶+…},其中α₀(μ^*),α₁(μ^*)等仅是μ^*的函数。新的T_c公式表明了,T_c不仅依赖于λ、μ^*和〈ω²〉,而且依赖于有效声子谱α²F(ω)的各级矩〈ω²ⁿ〉。