应用亲水作用色谱检测鸡蛋和肉中三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸二酰胺

应用亲水作用色谱(HILIC)对从市场上购买的鸡蛋和肉中的三聚氰胺及三聚氰胺降解产物三聚氰酸二酰胺进行了检测。采用的色谱柱为ZIC-HILIC柱,流动相为3 mmol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 6.9)-乙腈(20:80, v/v),流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为220 nm。在该体系下,三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸二酰胺的保留时间适中,与样品中的内源性物质有良好的分离。样品经0.1%磷酸提取,偏磷酸及乙腈沉淀蛋白质和糖类物质,以及P-SCX固相萃取柱净化。三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸二酰胺在0.4～40 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,样品定量限(按信噪比(S/N)不小于10计)为2 mg/kg,在2～10 mg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为80%～105%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该方法具有良好的分离选择性,可用于鸡蛋和肉中三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸二酰胺的同时检测。     

氧化石墨烯修饰多孔复合涂层超长开管液相色谱柱的制备与评价

采用原位聚合法在毛细管柱(3 m ×25μm i. d.)内壁制备粗糙结构的聚氯甲基苯乙烯二乙烯基苯涂层,并将氧化石墨烯以共价键合的方式固定在涂层表面,制备成氧化石墨烯修饰多孔复合涂层超长开管毛细管液相色谱柱。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉曼光谱等手段对固定相的结构进行表征,证实聚氯甲基苯乙烯二乙烯基苯涂层具有球形分散结构,而片状的氧化石墨烯均匀覆盖在聚合物层表面。球状的聚合物层及氧化石墨烯的覆盖极大地提高了色谱柱的相比及样品容量,乙腈-水为流动相可分离烷基苯、中性多环芳烃、酸性和碱性化合物,乙腈-0.02 mol/ L 醋酸铵为流动相可实现4种核酸碱基样品的分离。制备的色谱柱具有良好的重复性和稳定性,测试的日内、日间、柱间重复性(n=6)相对标准偏差(RSD)均在0.3%~2.0%范围内。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物

建立了同时测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物(巴豆醛、苯乙酮、2,4-二羟基-3-甲基苯甲醛和2-亚戊基环己酮)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。样品使用50%乙腈(体积比)溶液提取,经AQ-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离后,高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器检测,以保留时间和紫外吸收光谱定性,外标法定量,高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法确证。结果表明,4种醛酮化合物在0.05~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.999 9;方法检出限和定量下限分别为0.5~1.0 mg/kg和1.5~3.0 mg/kg。样品加标回收率为89.0%~106.7%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为2.0%~6.9%。该方法准确可靠,适用于化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物的测定。     

硅基寡聚砜型新型HPLC固定相的制备及其色谱性能评价

以硅小球为基质,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,环硫乙烷和过氧乙酸为改性剂,制备了硅基寡聚砜型新型液相色谱固定相。在活化的硅小球表面引入氨基,制得氨基键合相,然后氨基键合相与环硫乙烷进行开环聚合反应,在氨基键合相表面引入巯基和硫醚基,最后用过氧乙酸将其分别氧化为磺酸基和砜基,制得磺酸乙基聚乙砜基胺丙基固定相。采用元素分析进行表征,通过S和N的摩尔比确定固定相表面胺基,砜基和磺酸基的比例。在不同条件下,分别选用碱性化合物、中等极性和弱极性化合物等13种溶质对该固定相的色谱性能进行评价,证明该固定相兼有疏水作用,亲水作用和静电作用。用于实际样品测定,该固定相呈现出良好的分离选择性和较广的应用范围。     

新型β-环糊精衍生物/硅基杂化手性固定相制备及评价

以脲氨基-β-环糊精硅基衍生物为手性单体,1,2-二(三乙氧基硅烷)乙烷(BTEE)为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板,采用水热合成法制备脲氨基β-环糊精衍生物/硅基手性杂化材料(β-CD/PMOs)。以其为手性固定相制备一种新型毛细管电色谱开管柱,通过IR和SEM对固定相的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,固定相成功键合在毛细管内,并保留了固定相原有的球形结构。以硫脲为标记物,测得平均柱效在11698.4 plates/m以上,日内、日间及柱间柱效的相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=7)均≤1.31%,且成功拆分D,L-组氨酸,达到基线分离。可见,该开管柱具有良好的重现性、稳定性和手性拆分能力。     

基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中19种非蛋白氮化合物

建立了基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中的三聚氰胺、灭蝇胺、脒脲、氨基三嗪、3-氨基三唑、4-氨基三唑、三聚氰酸、双氰胺、硫脲、氨基脲、L-亮氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-羟脯氨酸、三聚氰胺一酰胺、三聚氰胺二酰胺、胍、尿囊素、L-茶氨酸等19种非蛋白氮化合物的方法。样品用甲酸沉淀蛋白,三氯甲烷除去脂肪,乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁去除多余水分, C18净化,Merck ZIC HILIC 色谱柱(150 mm ×2.1 mm,5μm,200魡)分离,梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子化正离子模式(ESI+)和负离子模式( ESI-)同时扫描,多反应监测模式进行检测。其中,尿囊素采用外标法定量,其余18种化合物采用内标法定量。本方法对19种化合物的线性相关系数( r)均大于0.99,定量限( LOQ)为0.05~5.0 mg/kg,回收率为82.2%~115%, RSD<20%。     

聚苯胺/石墨烯涂覆型阴离子交换固定相的制备及表征

该文以聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料为涂覆材料,制备了一种涂覆型阴离子交换固定相。首先以苯胺和石墨烯为原料制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料,并通过物理吸附涂覆在聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球表面;然后以聚苯胺中的氮原子为反应位点,通过季铵化制备一系列具有不同交换容量的涂覆型阴离子交换固定相。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和元素分析(EA)对该涂覆型阴离子交换固定相进行表征,结果表明聚苯胺/石墨烯成功地涂覆在微球表面且发生了季铵化。通过分离常规阴离子和有机酸,对自制阴离子交换色谱柱的色谱性能进行评价。结果显示,8次季铵化的聚苯胺/石墨烯涂覆聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯阴离子交换色谱柱对常规阴离子和有机酸呈现良好的分离效果。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺的方法。液态奶样品经体积分数2.5%甲酸溶液提取、离心后乙腈稀释,亲水作用色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测器检测,分别在负、正离子模式下测定三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺。三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在0.25～15mg/kg、0.1～7.5mg/kg添加水平范围内,三聚氰酸平均回收率为84.5%～98.0%(RSD为2.1%～6.1%),三聚氰胺平均回收率为85.5%～88.9%(RSD为3.2～5.8%)。三聚氰酸、三聚氰胺定量限分别为0.25mg/kg、0.1mg/kg。     

三聚氰胺在双色谱柱串联模式下的色谱保留研究

研究了亲水相互作用色谱柱串联C_(18)柱上三聚氰胺的色谱保留,并应用牛奶基质中三聚氰胺的高效分离。将HILIC柱与C_(18)柱串联,研究不同色谱柱串联顺序及色谱分离条件下三聚氰胺的保留情况,结果表明:当流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵(10mmol/L)=85∶15(v/v)、柱温30℃、流速0.75mL/min、检测波长220nm、HILIC柱在前C_(18)柱在后串联时,三聚氰胺分离效果最佳。在最佳的色谱条件下,对市售牛奶进行测定,未检测出三聚氰胺,加标回收率在81.1%～119%,三聚氰胺在双柱模式下分析效果良好。     

基于二醛微晶纤维素功能化C_(18)的反相/亲水色谱固定相的制备（英文）

通过十八烷基胺的氨基与二醛微晶纤维素的醛基共价键合,制备了基于二醛微晶纤维素(DMCC)官能化C_(18)的新型反相/亲水色谱固定相(C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2),该色谱固定相被用于反相色谱(RPLC)和亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)模式。C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2色谱柱展现了良好的疏水选择性和芳香选择性,在反相色谱模式下可分离烷基苯和多环芳烃(PAHs)。苯胺类、酚类和糖苷类等极性化合物被用于评估该色谱柱在反相色谱模式下的极性选择性,商品C_(18)柱作对照柱,色谱评价结果令人满意。核酸碱基被用于评估C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2色谱柱的亲水色谱性能。通过考察有机溶剂含量对分析物保留的影响,发现该新型色谱固定相具有反相/亲水色谱的典型特征。     

Application of water as a solvent in microwave-assisted extraction for analysis of PCBs and CBzs in fly ash

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) are two classes of dioxin precursors formed in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs); they produce negative health effects similar to those of dioxins. Reducing the analytical time required for determining the concentrations of these compounds in MSWIs is important for quickly evaluating their importance and assessing associated health risks. In the present study, water is used as a safe and environmentally friendly solvent in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for PCB and CBz analyses. MAE is compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction (SE) to determine the extraction efficiencies. The evaluation of extraction efficiencies shows that MAE has a high extraction efficiency compared with that of SE when water content is lower than 60%. Furthermore, the extraction time and organic solvent consumption are reduced with MAE compared with SE.     

Applications of homemade kit in mutation detection of genes

With the accomplishment of Human Genome Project (HGP), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mutation detection in human genome are becom-ing a new researching focus. These researches can help us to understand the phenotype diversity of indi-vidual, disease susceptibility and drug resistance of different colonies. Traditional method used for muta-tion detection is slab gel electrophoresis, which re-mains labor-intensive and time-consuming because of the requirement of radioactivity or te…     

Influence of the Oxide Content in the Catalytic Power of Raney Nickel in Hydrogen Generation

The influence of oxides in the hydrogen evolution on Raney nickel electrocatalysts was characterized by electrochemical impedance measurements. In addition, these materials show competitive overpotentials for hydrogen evolution with a modified Watts bath as a binder for the Raney nickel. The optimum result was ?190?mV of overpotential at 100?mA?cm^?2. Oxygen in the Raney Ni catalyst affects its electroactivity toward hydrogen evolution. The source of oxygen is related to the presence of chloride ions in the modified Watts bath. A Watts bath binds Raney Ni particles to the surface of the catalysts and chloride regulates the oxygen content in the nickel binder during electrodeposition. High oxygen content increases the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the electrode. The electroactivity of the synthesized porous coatings was evaluated by polarization curves and impedance plots. In addition, surface characterization by X-ray diffraction, field emission–scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is reported.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮存在时反相微乳液中水的状态

运用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究不同分子量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）存在时,十二烷基甜菜碱(C12BE)/正庚烷 /正戊醇 /水（Ⅰ）及二（2 乙基）己基磺化琥珀酸钠（AOT）/正庚烷 /水（Ⅱ） 反相微乳液中水的存在状态.采用计算机分峰技术将微乳液中水分子的O－H伸缩振动进行曲线拟合, （Ⅰ）得到三个子峰,分别位于(3560±20)cm－1,(3430±10)cm－1,(3280±10)cm－1附近; （Ⅱ）得到四个子峰,分别位于3618 cm－1, 3550 cm－1, 3446 cm－1和3292 cm－1处.尽管PVP均增溶于W/O型微乳液中表面活性剂分子的极性基团附近,却没有引起长链间自由水的变化.但由于两体系的差异,PVP的存在,导致微乳液（Ⅰ）的本体水减少,结合水增多,却使体系（Ⅱ）的结合水减少,本体水增多.由于W/O型微乳液中水与生物膜中水相似,这些研究有助于理解生物膜界面上的生物化学和生物物理现象.     

Electrochemistry of copper in aqueous acetonitrile

The electrochemical characteristics of the Cu (II)/Cu (I) and the Cu (I)/Cu (0) couples at platinum, carbon, mercury and copper have been studied in acetonitrile-water (AN-H₂O) mixtures. All the electrode processes are moderately fast with mercury the fastest but slower on platinum and carbon paste in that order. A slow chemical step precedes oxidation of Cu (I) to Cu (II) on allectrodes in solutions of high AN content. The slow step may be partial removal of AN from the solvated Cu (I) ion prior to electron transfer. Electrode processes are faster in chloride ions than in sulfate ion solutions. Reduction of Cu (I) in AN–H₂O is quite slow on glassy carbon. Adsorption of AN on platinum and carbon influences the processes. Diffusion coefficients in sulfate solutions are in the order, Cu (I) (AN–H₂O)>Cu (II)(AN–H₂O)>Fe (III)(H₂O) and 2-hydroxy-cyanoethane (2-HCE) strongly decreases the mobility of Cu (I) when added to H₂O. The relevance of the measurements to hydrometallurgical processes is considered. CuSO₄ in 30% v/v AN–H₂O is a faster oxidant than the common oxidant Fe₂(SO₄)₃ in H₂O because of the greater mobility and faster electron acceptance from a corroding surface of Cu (II). Only in solutions of very high nitrile content is the reduction potential of CuSO₄ as high as that of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ in H₂O.     

环境水样及食品中亚硝酸根的分析进展

评述了自1997年至2002年国内外环境水样及食品中亚硝酸根(NO2^-)的分析进展。包括分子光谱法、电化学分析法和色谱分析法，引用文献96篇。     

铜在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的光电化学研究

Cu以其优异的导电性、导热性和易加工性广泛用于工农业生产中．自然Cu的腐蚀和防腐成为人们很关注的问题．人们已经注意到，Cl-对Cu的腐蚀有影响，并进行过一些研究．但目前使用光电化学方法研究这一问题的文章尚不多见，特别是利用测量开路光电压及其瞬态波形这一现场的、无损的、灵敏的监测方法研究户对Cu电极腐蚀全过程的文章尚未见到．本文正是利用如上方法及XPS，AES方法，研究了Cl-对Cu电极腐蚀的全过程，取得了一些有意义的结果．1实验方法Cu电极用99．99％（质量分数）的Cu制成，面积约为39mm2；电极底部由Cu导线焊接引出，…     

离子色谱法同时测定脱硫液中的四种醇胺

建立了同时分离测定异丙醇胺(IPA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、N,N-二甲基二乙醇胺(DMAE)和6种阳离子的离子色谱法。色谱柱为TSKgelSuperIC-CR阳离子交换柱,流动相为冠醚(2.0mmol/L)、甲基磺酸(2.2mmol/L)、L-组氨酸(0.5mmol/L)混合溶液,流速为0.5mL/min,抑制电导检测。DMAE、MDEA、TIPA、IPA的检出限分别为0.48、36.9、47.04和1.39μg/L;样品中DMAE、MDEA、TIPA、IPA平均回收率为103.15%,95.48%,97.64%,92.41%。方法具有简单、快速、灵敏、抗干扰等优点,用于测定脱硫液中的DMAE、MDEA、TIPA和IPA,结果令人满意。     

Narrow-bore liquid chromatography with multichannel detection in paediatric biochemistry: Analysis of phenylalanine and tyrosine in phenylketonuria

Summary In paediatric biochemistry, the analysis of drugs and endogenous compounds in preterm or low-birth weight neonates presents particular analytical problems. Sensitive techniques with small sample capacity are essential and in this context, narrow-bore (1–2mm) LC columns, coupled with appropriate low-volume detector cells and connections to reduce band dispersion, have been shown to offer significant advantages. By comparison with conventional columns an increase in sensitivity by a factor ofca. 2 can be achieved. The combination of narrow-bore columns and rapid-scanning UV detectors in reversed-phase LC enables the spectral information to be used for both peak recognition and homogeneity validation. Furthermore, “diode bunching” in the wavelength domain leads to a further two-fold increase in sensitivity. This combination of column and detector technology has been utilised in the design of a sensitive serum micro-assay of the essential aromatic amino acids in paediatric samples, capable of being used with 500nl sample, sensitive to 13pg phenylalanine and 9pg tyrosine and linear over the requisite therapeutic range.     

Measurement of in situ Monomer Sorption in Poly(propylene)

Summary: An experimental method has been developed to compare the amount of monomer absorbed in freshly produced poly(propylene) with the amount of monomer absorbed in the same material after degassing. It has been found that propylene sorption in freshly produced poly(propylene) is significantly higher than the sorption in the same but degassed polymer. The difference depends on the degree of drying and is time‐dependent. This fact can be an explanation for reduced activity often observed in the transition from liquid‐ to gas‐phase polymerization.

Pressure profile during the pressure‐swing part of the experiment.