伏安法测定化妆品中熊果苷

采用线性扫描伏安法、循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法等方法研究了熊果苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为.试验结果表明:pH 2.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,熊果苷在0.86 V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的氧化峰,在0 V有一较小的还原峰.以氧化峰为考察对象,对试验条件进行了优化.在最佳条件下,熊果苷浓度在2.0×10-7～4.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内与氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为1.4×10-7mol·L-1.该方法用于膏霜类模拟化妆品中熊果苷的检测,得到的回收率在98.0%～100.6%之间.     

纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚

在0.01mol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH 9.18)中,用纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极作为工作电极,线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚。伏安图上出现一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为+0.56V(vs.SCE),峰电流与苯酚的浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为5.0×10-8 mol.L-1。富集时间为30s,同时采用线性扫描伏安法研究苯酚在纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极上的氧化还原反应,结果表明此电极反应为一不可逆的吸附过程。     

芦丁的方波溶出伏安行为及其分析检测

应用方波溶出伏安法研究了芦丁在0.1mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中于玻碳电极上的电化学行为.考察了溶液酸度、沉积电位、沉积时间等因素对芦丁方波溶出伏安行为的影响,优化了实验参数.结果表明,在pH3.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,芦丁在-0.46 V产生溶出峰,峰电流与芦丁的浓度在5.0×10-8mol.L-1~1.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数0.997 99,检测限1.1×10-8mol.L-1.可用于药剂中芦丁含量的测定.     

碳糊电极阳极吸附伏安法测定诺氟沙星

报道了用碳糊电极阳极吸附伏安法测定诺氟沙星的方法。在0.40 mol.L-1的NH4OAc-HOAc(pH 4.51)缓冲溶液中,诺氟沙星在碳糊电极(CPE)上有一灵敏的吸附氧化峰,峰电位为1.16 V(vs.SCE)。该氧化峰的二阶导数峰电流与诺氟沙星的浓度在4.0×10-9~4.0×10-7mol.L-1(富集90 s)范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.996,检出限为1.0×10-9mol.L-1(S/N=3,富集110 s);应用于人体尿液中诺氟沙星含量的测定,方法的回收率为99.1%~104.0%。文中探讨了诺氟沙星在碳糊电极上的伏安性质和电极反应机理。     

线性扫描伏安法测定苏木中苏木精

应用线性扫描伏安法研究了苏木精在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。在pH 5.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,苏木精在0.28 V(vs.SCE)处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,苏木精浓度在2.24×10-6～1.05×10-4mol.L-1范围内与其线性扫描氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为7.4×10-7mol.L-1。用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在95.2%～104.0%之间。方法用于苏木提取液中苏木精的测定,此法测定结果与高效液相色谱法测定值之间的相对偏差在-3.6%～3.2%之间。     

方波伏安法测定镍铜合金中的镍含量

在0.01mol·L-1的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液(pH 9.3)中,镍(Ⅱ)于-1.25V(vs.SCE)出现一灵敏的方波伏安峰。镍(Ⅱ)浓度在1.5×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1与伏安峰高呈线性关系,线性方程为ip(μA)=2.1870+0.6328c(μmol·L-1),相关系数为0.9991。方法的标准偏差为0.7％。该法应用于镍铜合金样品中镍的测定,结果满意。     

钒-络蓝黑R络合物在碳糊电极上的阳极吸附伏安法研究及痕量钒的测定

研究了钒-络蓝黑R(EBBR)络合物在碳糊电极上的吸附伏安行为。在pH4.7的0.2mol.L-1HOAc-NaOAc缓冲溶液,于0.4V富集,从0.4~1.4V以300mV.s-1的速率线性扫描。在1.17V(vs.SCE)的二次导数氧化峰电流与钒的浓度在9.0×10-10~6.0×10-8mol.L-1(1.2×10-6mol.L-1EBBR)和6.0×10-8~6×10-7mol.L-1(3.0×10-6mol.L-1EBBR)范围内呈线性关系,富集450s,检出限为4.0×10-10mol.L-1(S/N=3)。该法用于花生仁和自来水样中钒的测定,结果满意。     

方波伏安法未标记测定天然蛋白质材料丝素蛋白

首次采用循环伏安法和方波伏安法在0.01 mol/L HCl溶液中考察丝素蛋白的电化学行为。在0-1.2V的电位扫描范围内,在0.2V/s的扫速下,丝素蛋白有两个分别位于0.91V和0.43V的氧化峰Pa, 1和Pa,2,一个位于0.24V的还原峰(vs.SCE）Pc。峰Pa, 1的峰电流与丝素蛋白的浓度在5.8×10-8 ~1.1×10-6 mol/L范围成正比,检测限为3.0×10-8 mol/L (S/N=3)。本方法选择性高,共存物质如另一种天然蛋白质丝胶和其他小分子物质并不干扰测定。本方法不经过预分离和预纯化就可直接用来测定生丝液体样品中丝素蛋白含量。     

以1-萘胺为底物伏安法测定辣根过氧化物酶

提出了1-萘胺-过氧化氢-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)伏安酶联免疫分析体系应用于HRP的伏安法测定.在pH 7.0的KH2>PO4-Na2>HPO4缓冲溶液中,HRP催化过氧化氢氧化1-萘胺生成电活性产物,在极谱仪上进行二阶导数伏安线性扫描,该产物在滴汞电极上发生还原反应,于-0.43 V(vs.SCE)左右产生一灵敏的还原峰.HRP浓度在3.0×10-7～5.0×10-5>g·L-1范围内与线性扫描峰电流的二阶导数值(△I"p)呈线性关系,检出限为2.5×10-7g·L-1.     

杀草强在纳米SiO_2修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其测定

制备了纳米SiO2修饰碳糊电极(Nano-SiO2/CPE),通过循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了杀草强在Nano-SiO2/CPE上的电化学行为,建立了一种测定杀草强的电化学分析方法。在pH=3.0的0.2mol·L-1H3PO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中,杀草强在Nano-SiO2/CPE上于+0.986V(vs.SCE)处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰。在最佳实验条件下,该氧化峰电流与杀草强浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-3mol.L-1范围呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,检出限为2.0×10-7mol.L-1,回收率在92.0%～100.7%之间。实验证实,杀草强在电极上的氧化反应主要是受扩散控制的不可逆反应。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。