抗坏血酸在石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

基于石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用,建立了测定抗坏血酸的电化学分析方法。石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极与裸玻碳电极相比,显著提高了抗坏血酸的氧化峰电流,降低了氧化峰电位,提高了测定的灵敏度。该电极测定抗坏血酸的线性范围为5.0×10-5～2.5×10-2mol/L,最低检测限为6.5×10-7mol/L(信噪比=3)。     

多巴胺在聚茶碱/Nafion双层修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为

研究聚茶碱／Nafion双层修饰玻碳电极的制备和其电化学性质,并用于测定多巴胺（DA）。在pH7．4的PBS缓冲溶液中,DA在聚茶碱／Nafion双层修饰玻碳电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰。峰电流与DA浓度在1×10－7～4×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为5×10－8mol/L。该双层膜对DA有增敏作用,对抗坏血酸（AA）有排斥作用,重现性良好,可用于DA的测定。     

咖啡酸修饰电极的电化学性质及其对肾上腺素的电化学研究

研究了咖啡酸(CFA)修饰玻碳电极的制备和其电化学性质 ,测定了电极反应的动力学常数。实验结果表明 ,在 pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,肾上腺素(Ep)在该修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰 ,峰电流与Ep浓度在5.0×10 -6～1.0×10 -4mol/L范围内线性关系良好 ,检出限为7.0×10 -7mol/L。并对修饰电极反应的机理进行了初步探讨。修饰电极制备简单 ,稳定性良好     

镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电化学行为

采用一种新方法———镀膜/循环伏安法成功制备了镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极。考察了影响镍氢氧化物膜电催化活性的因素,确定最佳富集时间为2min,最佳富集电位为-1.4V。讨论了成膜过程及机理。膜氧化峰电流及催化氧化峰电流均受扩散控制。制得的镍氢氧化物膜修饰电极具有相当的稳定性,并对H2O2的电氧化表现出较高的电催化活性。该电极对H2O2响应的线性范围为1.71×10-5~1.33×10-2mol/L,检出限为2.86×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。     

Nafion修饰玻碳电极伏安法测定痕量铟

报道了一种用Nafion修饰玻碳电极测定痕量铟的新方法。研究了Na-fion膜的有关特性和测定的条件,当富集时间为5 min时,峰电流与In(Ⅲ)浓度在1×10-9~1×10-7mol/L的范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.46×10-10mol/L。该法用于实际水样中痕量铟的测定,平均回收率为98.4%。     

碳纳米管化学修饰电极测定土壤沉积物中的铜

本文研究了在碳纳米管(CNT)修饰的玻碳电极上,用微分脉冲溶出伏安法(DPSV)对土壤沉积物中铜的测定方法,在1.0mol/L的HCl介质中,于-0.6V电位处富集240s,静置10s,在阳极扫描过程中,被富集于修饰电极表面的铜在约-0.25V电位处出现特定的溶出峰,据此实现铜离子的测定。该方法的线性范围为8.0×10-7～1.2×10-5mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-7mol/L,结果令人满意     

离子交换伏安法同时测定水体中的镉、汞

报道了一种同时快速测定水体中痕量镉、汞的电分析方法。在 p H 4.0 0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,镉、汞在钠型蒙脱石修饰玻碳电极上通过离子交换富集 ,获得一个灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,由此可同时测定痕量的镉、汞离子。利用该方法测定镉、汞的线性范围分别为 8× 1 0 - 9到 2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L和 4× 1 0 - 8到 7.5× 1 0 - 6 mol/L ,检出限分别是1× 1 0 - 9mol/L和 8× 1 0 - 9mol/L。该方法简便、快速 ,灵敏度高。用此修饰电极测定了水样中的镉、汞离子 ,结果令人满意     

5-HIAA在MWNT-Nation修饰电极上的伏安行为

研究了在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH7．0）中，5-羟基吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）在MWNT-Nafion修饰电极上的电化学行为。5-HIAA在MWNT-Nafion修饰电极上出现一个灵敏的氧化峰。与裸玻碳电极相比，MWNT—Nation修饰电极提高5-HIAA的氧化峰电流。优化了各项测定参数，建立了一种直接测定HIAA的电分析方法。富集电位为-0．5V，富集时间为300s，氧化峰电流与5-HIAA的浓度在9．95×10^-5～7．98×10^-3mol／L之间有良好的线性关系。检出限为2．5×10^-6 mol／L。     

碳纳米管修饰电极差示脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定腺嘌呤

在HAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,玻碳电极上修饰的少量碳纳米管对腺嘌呤的氧化起增强作用.研究了腺嘌呤在修饰电极上的伏安行为,优化了电氧化的最佳条件,并对其进行含量测定.方法的线性范围为2.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-9mol/L.用于模拟样品中痕量腺嘌呤的测定,结果满意.     

纳米石墨烯修饰电极电化学发光法测定盐酸氯丙嗪的研究

基于盐酸氯丙嗪对联吡啶钌电化学发光的增敏作用,以石墨烯(Graphene)和Nafion复合膜修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)为工作电极,建立了一种直接测定盐酸氯丙嗪的电化学发光新方法。最佳实验条件下,盐酸氯丙嗪浓度在8.0×10-7 ~1.2×10-4 mol/L范围内与其相对发光强度呈良好线性关系(r=0.998 8),且在该修饰电极上的检出限(S/N=3)为4.0×10-7 mol/L。连续测定4.0×10-6 mol/L盐酸氯丙嗪溶液11次,发光强度值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%,表明该修饰电极具有较好的重复性和灵敏度。盐酸氯丙嗪的加标回收率为93%~104%,RSD(n=5)为4.1%。将该方法应用于药片中盐酸氯丙嗪的检测,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.