一种新型磁性纳米基因载体的制备与表征

制备了一种新的基因载体材料———赖氨酸修饰的壳聚糖(CTS-lys)包裹的磁性纳米颗粒. 优化制备了CTS-lys原料, 红外(IR)和核磁(1H-NMR)检测结果表明壳聚糖的大量氨基被赖氨酸修饰. 通过共沉淀方法, 制备了赖氨酸修饰的壳聚糖磁性纳米颗粒(CTS-lys-MNPs). 利用透射电镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪、磁力计(VSM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对CTS-lys-MNPs进行了表征, 并通过U293细胞, 研究了CTS-lys-MNPs的细胞毒性. 结果表明, CTS-lys-MNPs的平均粒径为100 nm, 具有较好的超顺磁性和较低的细胞毒性; 在此基础上, 通过凝胶电泳实验观察了CTS-lys-MNPs和DNA的结合情况, 并通过单光子发射型计算机断层显像仪(SPECT) 研究了CTS-lys-MNPs和DNA的复合物在动物体内跨越血脑屏障的能力. 结果表明, CTS-lys-MNPs 是一种较好的磁靶向基因载体并能成功地跨越血脑屏障.     

羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米粒子的合成及应用

通过合成油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子和羧甲基壳聚糖直接包埋油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子的两步合成法制备了羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米粒子。采用透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、振动样品磁强计和同步热分析测试技术对制备的羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米粒子进行了表征。所得磁性纳米粒子呈规则球形,粒径约为10 nm;表面含羧基,且具有很好的顺磁性和稳定性。考察了羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米粒子对阿霉素的载药量和对阿霉素在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的缓释性能。结果表明,磁性纳米粒子对阿霉素展示了较高的载药量(91.8 mg/g),结合了阿霉素的磁性复合物对阿霉素的缓释作用明显,说明制备的羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米粒子有望作为治疗肿瘤的纳米磁靶向药物输送载体。     

配体交换法制备水中高分散稳定性的多羧基修饰Fe3O4纳米颗粒

采用油相高温分解法制备了粒径可控且单分散的油溶性Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子(MNPs-OA), 并通过配体交换对其表面进行了亲水性修饰, 制备了柠檬酸(CA)、 N-(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺三乙酸钠(SiCOOH)、 丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)和乙二胺四乙酸 (EDTA)四钠4种多羧基配体修饰的水溶性Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子(MNPs-CA, MNPs-SiCOOH, MNPs-BTCA 和MNPs-EDTA), 其中首次选用四羧基配体BTCA和EDTA四钠来修饰Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子(MNPs). 对油溶性MNPs和4种水溶性MNPs的形貌、 结构、 化学组成和磁性能进行了表征, 并对4种多羧基配体修饰的水溶性MNPs在水相中的稳定性和分散性进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得MNPs的平均粒径为15 nm, 具有超顺磁性, 配体交换后的水溶性MNPs具有良好的亲水性, 并在弱酸～碱性很宽的pH范围内具备良好的分散稳定性. 此类多羧基修饰的水溶性MNPs可与适当的阳离子聚电解质进行组装, 从而得到在磁靶向载体和磁共振造影(MRI)显影中具有良好应用前景的磁性自组装微囊.     

磁性壳聚糖的制备及在脂肪酶固定的应用

采用共沉淀法制备磁性壳聚糖微球,戊二醛做交联剂把脂肪酶固定在磁性壳聚糖载体上,分别使用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计、热重分析仪等对磁性壳聚糖微球进行表征分析,并检测了固定化酶的特性.结果表明,制备的磁性壳聚糖性能良好,与游离酶相比,固定化酶的最适p H,最适温度均有提高,固定化酶的热稳定性,对变性剂的耐受力,重复使用性都有较大幅度提高.     

两种磁性复合微球的制备及其性能对比

为了得到蛋白吸附性能良好的免疫磁性载体,文章用反相微乳的方法合成了壳聚糖磁性复合微球(Chitosanmagneticcompositemicrospheres简称CMCM),与常用的单体聚合法制备的聚苯乙烯磁性复合微球(Polystyrenemagneticcompositemicrospheres,简称PMCM)从粒径和表观形貌、微球铁含量、磁响应性、表面官能基团等性质做了对比表征,结果表明,CMCM是一种比PMCM更理想的免疫磁性微球载体材料。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

用壳聚糖包埋磁流体,用戊二醛交联制成磁性壳聚糖微球,并用红外光谱表征其结构。用制备的磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子,考察了其对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能;探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度以及其他离子存在对Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明,磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子的最佳条件为:吸附平衡时间40 min,最佳吸附pH值6左右,磁性壳聚糖微球用量10 mg,温度升高有利于提高磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附效率,Cr(Ⅵ)离子起始质量浓度为12μg/mL,无机盐的存在引起磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附性能降低。并且考察了吸附剂的再生性能,实验结果表明磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的重复使用性。     

良分散性磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子的制备及吸附性能研究

采用原位共沉淀法,在碱性条件下以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,制备出了具有超顺磁性、分散性良好的磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子。用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对纳米粒子的组成、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明:用原位共沉淀法制备得到的磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子平均粒径约7nm,饱和磁化强度为73.5emu/g。与活性炭相比,磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子对偶氮染料具有很高的吸附容量和快速的吸附速率。     

壳聚糖包覆磁性纳米粒子的制备和表征以及蛋白质吸附特性

制备了一种壳聚糖包覆的磁性纳米粒子,并对其进行了表征和蛋白吸附特性研究.首先通过共沉淀法制备了表面羧基功能化的磁性纳米粒子(MNP-COOH),然后通过静电相互作用将壳聚糖自组装在MNPCOOH粒子表面,在甲醛保护氨基的情况下,利用环氧氯丙烷交联粒子表面壳聚糖上的羟基,交联完成后脱去氨基保护剂,制得表面富含氨基的壳聚糖包覆磁性纳米粒子(MNP-CS).分别使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、震动样品磁强计(VSM)和zeta电位仪等对制得的MNP-CS进行表征.结果表明,壳聚糖成功地被包裹在磁性纳米颗粒表面.颗粒可完全分散于pH=1~14的水溶液中,形成均匀溶胶,Fe3O4磁核能抵抗0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液腐蚀.MNP-CS颗粒直径为10~20 nm,饱和磁化值为50.05 emu/g,剩磁和矫顽力近似为零,具有明显的超顺磁性.制得的磁性纳米粒子吸附BSA时呈明显的S型等温吸附特性,单层吸附量约为300 mg/g.     

Pd/Fe3O4-MCNT磁性催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能

利用多元醇法制备了单分散Fe₃O₄纳米粒子修饰多壁碳纳米管(MCNT)的磁性复合材料, 并以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能量色散谱(EDS)对碳纳米管磁性复合材料的结构和组成进行了表征. 研究发现, 通过调控Fe₃O₄前驱体与MCNT载体的质量比, 可以很好地控制沉积的磁性纳米粒子大小. 以碳纳米管磁性复合材料为载体, 采用多元醇法成功制备了Pd负载量为3.0% (w)的Pd/Fe₃O₄-MCNT磁性催化剂. 磁性质测试表明碳纳米管磁性复合材料在负载Pd前后都具有良好的超顺磁性. 以肉桂醛加氢为探针反应研究了Pd/Fe₃O₄-MCNT的催化性能, 结果表明该催化剂表现出良好的催化加氢性能, 在外加磁场下催化剂能与液相反应体系高效分离, 循环使用4次后, 催化性能没有明显下降, 显示了良好的循环利用性能.     

环糊精-壳聚糖/羧甲基纤维素水凝胶的制备及其缓释性能研究

首先通过壳聚糖(CS)、柠檬酸(CA)和环糊精(β-CD)制备了环糊精接枝壳聚糖载体(CS-CA-β-CD);然后将CS-CA-β-CD与羧甲基纤维素(CMC)共混制备了环糊精-壳聚糖/羧甲基纤维素水凝胶(CS-CA-β-CD/CMC),利用红外光谱(FTIR)、Zeta电位和透射电镜(TEM)对其结构进行表征;最后将其负载扑热息痛(Pa)进行释放性能研究,研究结果表明:这种药物载体对扑热息痛的载药量为76%、包封率为38%;对比环糊精接枝壳聚糖载体负载扑热息痛(CS-CA-β-CD/Pa),CS-CA-β-CD/CMC负载扑热息痛后的药物(CS-CA-β-CD/CMC/Pa)具有更好的缓慢释放性能。因此,CS-CA-β-CD/CMC/Pa药物在风湿性关节炎疼痛缓解治疗中具有一定的应用前景。     

磁性二氧化硅微球的表面修饰及其在植物基因组核酸纯化中的应用

在利用自主研发的专利技术制备球形磁性硅胶微球的基础上,对磁性硅胶微球进行表面改性,使其表面分别键合硅羟基、环氧基、邻二醇基和羧基等官能团,并对表面官能团进行了定量研究。以小牛胸腺基因组脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)为模型化合物,研究了核酸在不同表面官能团的磁性硅胶上的吸附和脱附行为,发现表面具有硅醇基的磁球对DNA的回收率最高。将改性后磁性微球应用于玉米DNA的提取,得到了平均长度大于8kb的高纯度基因组DNA。与传统的有机溶剂抽提法相比,基于磁性微球的核酸固相萃取法具有快速简便、省时省力、易于自动化的特点,适合于大规模植物基因组DNA的样品制备。     

Preparation and surface modification of magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres

~~Preparation and surface modification of magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres~~     

聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)磁性高分子微球的制备和表征

利用双层表面活性剂改性的Fe3O4磁流体为种子,通过乳液聚合法考察了苯乙烯或苯乙烯-丙烯酸对Fe3O4磁流体的包覆情况,并考察了丙烯酸浓度及加入时间对磁性微球表面羧基含量的影响.结果表明,丙烯酸的加入可以明显改善包覆效果,在反应进行2h后加入0.4mL的丙烯酸可以得到包覆效果好且表面羧基含量大的磁性微球.     

Covalent immobilization of albumin on micron‐sized magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate‐divinylbenzene‐glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres prepared by modified suspension polymerization

Micron‐sized magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate‐divinylbenzene‐glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres were prepared by a modified suspension polymerization in the presence of oleic acid‐coated magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetic microspheres were functionalized by reacting the epoxy groups with ammonia solution to provide amino groups. After activated with glutaraldehyde (GA), bovine serum albumin was covalently immobilized on these magnetic microspheres. The influence of initial protein concentration, pH and ionic strength of the protein solution on covalent immobilization was studied. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the magnetic microspheres had an average size of 6.4 µm and relative narrow size distribution. Magnetic measurement revealed the magnetic microspheres were superparamagetic with saturation magnetization of 7.32 emu/g. The successful amination of the magnetic microspheres was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of microwave-assisted protein digestion based on trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres for highly efficient proteolysis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis

In this study, very easily prepared trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres were applied in microwave-assisted protein digestion and firstly applied for proteome analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Magnetic microspheres with small size were synthesized and modified by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO). Trypsin was immobilized onto magnetic microspheres through only a one-step reaction of its amine group with GLYMO. When these easily prepared trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres were applied in microwave-assisted protein digestion, the magnetic microspheres not only functionalized as substrate for trypsin immobilization, but also as an excellent microwave absorber and thus improved the efficiency of microwave-assisted digestion greatly. Cytochrome c was used as a model protein to verify its digestion efficiency. Without any additives such as organic solvents or urea, peptide fragments produced in 15 s could be confidently identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and better digestion efficiency was obtained comparing to conventional in-solution digestion (12 h). Besides, with an external magnet, trypsin could be used repeatedly and at the same time no contaminants were introduced into the sample solution. It was verified that the enzyme maintained high activity after seven runs. Furthermore, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) fractions of rat liver extract were also successfully processed using this novel method. These results indicated that this fast and efficient digestion method, which combined the advantages of immobilized trypsin and microwave-assisted protein digestion, will greatly hasten the application of top-down proteomic techniques for large-scale analysis in biological and clinical research.     

磁性多孔γ-Fe_2O_3/P(St-DVB-MAA)聚合物微球的制备及其表征

以油酸包裹的γ-Fe2O3为磁性来源,选用苯乙烯(St)、二乙烯苯(DVB)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为共聚单体,通过改进的悬浮聚合法,制备了表面含有羧基的多孔磁性高分子微球.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜以及热重分析仪(TG)等对聚合物进行了性能表征.FTIR和光学显微镜结果分析表明,苯乙烯、二乙烯苯和甲基丙烯酸在磁性粒子的表面发生了聚合反应,生成了聚合物包埋磁粉的磁性聚合物复合微球,且微球表面含有羧基;SEM和光学显微镜分析测试结果显示合成的磁性γ-Fe2O3/P(St-DVB-MAA)复合粒子呈球形,微球具有多孔结构,且微球之间不发生团聚,微球粒子粒径分布均匀,大多数粒子粒径分布在0.4~0.9mm之间;TG测试的结果表明,磁性γ-Fe2O3被包覆在聚合物微球之中,且磁性粒子在微球中的包覆率达到12.12%.     

Synthesis of Fe3O4@poly(methylmethacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) magnetic porous microspheres and their application in the separation of phenol from aqueous solutions

A simple strategy to fabricate magnetic porous microspheres of Fe(3)O(4)@poly(methylmethacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) was demonstrated. The magnetic microspheres, consisting of polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, were synthesized by the modified suspension polymerization of methacrylate and divinylbenzene in the presence of a magnetic fluid. The morphology and the properties of the magnetic porous microspheres were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, superconducting quantum interference device, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction. The pore size distribution and the specific surface area of the microspheres were measured by nitrogen sorption and mercury porosimetry technique. As predicted from the previous knowledge, the magnetic porous microspheres possessed a high specific surface area using n-hexane as a porogen. It was further found that the amounts of divinylbenzene and methacrylate, the ratio of porogens, and the dosage of ferrofluids affect the specific surface area of the microspheres. Furthermore, the microspheres were applied to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the microspheres had a high adsorption capacity for phenol and a high separation efficiency due to their porous structure, polar groups, and superparamagnetic characteristic.     

聚多巴胺仿生纳米微球用于构建电化学免疫传感器

利用多巴胺仿生聚合方法制备了具有良好生物相容性的聚多巴胺纳米微球,并在其表面原位合成银纳米颗粒.复合物微球具有良好的催化还原H2O2的性能以及良好的结合生物分子的能力.将制备的复合物微球作为标记物,将氨基化石墨烯作为基底材料,构建了检测人免疫球蛋白(Ig G)的夹心型电化学免疫传感器.运用循环伏安法和计时电流法对构建的电化学免疫传感器进行了性能分析,并对实验条件进行了考察优化.在最佳的实验条件下,免疫传感器的线性范围是0.1 pg/m L~15 ng/m L,检出限为0.025 pg/m L.     

Monodispers and Multifunctional Magnetic Composite Core Shell Microspheres for Demulsification Applications

Iron oxide@Poly(Glycidylmethacrylate‐methyl methacrylate‐divinyl benzene) magnetic composite core shell microspheres Fe₃O₄@P(GMA‐MMA‐DVB) with epoxy group on the surface was designed and synthesized by solvothermal process followed by distillation polymerization. The surface epoxy group was modified with amino group of ethylene diamine (EDA) to prepare Fe₃O₄@P(GMA‐MMA‐DVB)/NH₂ microspheres, and then effects of modification on the structure, interfacial behavior and hence demulsification of the amino modified epoxy coating were examined. The prepared magnetic microspheres were characterized using a laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis indicates the presence of epoxy group, amino group and Fe₃O₄ in the final Fe₃O₄@P(GMA‐MMA‐DVB) and Fe₃O₄@P(GMA‐MMA‐DVB)/NH₂ magnetic core shell microspheres. Our experimental results show that Fe₃O₄@P(GMA‐MMA‐DVB)/NH₂ magnetic core shell microspheres exhibit good interfacial and demulsification properties and able to remove emulsified water from stable emulsion. The resulting microspheres showed excellent magnetic properties and further these can be recycled and reused by magnetic separation.     

P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4磁性聚合物微球的制备及表征

采用沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米粒子, 以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为聚合单体, 使用分散聚合法制备了P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4磁性聚合物微球. 分析了Fe3O4粒子的形貌和结构. 研究了制备条件对磁性聚合物微球磁含量的影响. 采用FTIR, XRD, TG及TEM等手段对磁性聚合物微球的微观结构及形貌、磁含量等进行了分析表征. 研究结果表明, 制备的磁性聚合物微球粒径均一, 磁含量高达74%.