产教融合下高职“三三结合式”人才培养模式*——以药品生产技术专业为例

针对高职产教融合存在的问题,构建了“三三结合式”人才培养模式,即通过“企业指导、行业引导、学校督导”三结合,改革人才培养模式;通过“核心课程、核心问题、核心能力”三结合,深化“教师、教材、教法、教学评价”四教改革;通过“基础实验、专业实验,实习实训”三结合,优化实践教学体系。该模式的构建与实施能提升学生的职业素养,提高毕业生的就业质量,打造出优秀的双师型教师团队。     

地方本科院校化工类专业导论课探索与实践

针对地方高校化工类新生对专业认知模糊、发展方向不明确、行业认识存在误区、学习方法迷茫等现状,论述了开设化工类专业导论课的必要性及意义,提出了应从教学内容、教学方法手段、教学评价等3个方面增强专业导论课的实效性,对于大学新生的专业教育具较强的针对性和借鉴意义。     

免费师范生职前化学实验教学能力现状调查——为培养新课程化学教师奠定基石

化学实验教学能力是指化学教师开展实验教学的能力,是化学教师实验能力的核心部分。如何适应基础教育化学新课标的要求,培养高素质的“新课程教师”,是部属师范院校化学专业免费师范生培养所面临的现实问题。从实验操作能力、实验讲解能力、实验研究能力、实验设计能力、实验评价能力对免费师范生化学实验教学能力现状进行问卷调查分析,调查发现:免费师范生职前化学实验教学能力薄弱的环节主要体现在实验操作、实验教学设计及实验讲解这3个方面,同时免费师范生的科学探究意识薄弱,亟待提高。     

长效专业认知教育体系的建立对化工类学生成长的影响

贵州理工学院编制了化工类学生成长手册,从2013级学生入学起,通过学生阅读、教师解读相结合的方式,建立学生的专业认知教育体系。通过问卷调查了学生成长手册的效果,对比了2013级和2014级学生的退学率,发现长效专业认知教育体系的建立可帮助化工类学生逐步了解本专业的培养目标、课程体系和就业方向,目标明确,提高了人才培养的质量。     

高职分析化学实验教学与分析检验岗位零对接探讨

在高职分析化学实验教学中,以培养应用型人才为目标,在双师型教师的指导下,通过建立满足不同专业发展需求的模块化课程体系,实现进阶式教学,选用优秀教材和建设辅助教材,努力实现课堂教学与分析检验岗位零对接。     

基于工程教育理念的“化工设计基础”实践与理论深度融合式教学*

为解决化工类课程普遍存在的创新与实践能力培养不足的问题,从工程教育专业认证的要求出发,以化工设计基础课程为例,对课程目标、教学内容、教学模式、考核评价等方面进行改革。实践表明,改革方案可实现理论与实践的深度融合,有效提升了学生专业知识、实践能力与工程师素养,提高化学工程教育质量。     

化学工程领域本科生国际化全英文通识课程“过程强化”教学探索

阐述了北京化工大学化学工程学院整合校内教师及短期外籍专家师资力量,面向化学工程领域本科生开展全英文通识课程“过程强化”建设的经验。针对高校通识教育普遍存在课程覆盖面窄、学生积极性低、师资力量薄弱、授课形式单一等问题,从课程内容设计、教学模式创新、专业思政融合等3个方面,总结了课程教学改革方面的特色实践。在全英文的教学环境下,通过简单的语言将化工过程强化的概念原理与日常生活紧密联系,生动展示化工学科实用性强和适用面广的特点,既能够增强学生对专业学习的热情,又促进了学生对专业英语感悟能力、口语表达和沟通能力的提升,为化工类通识教育课程建设和高素质复合型人才培养提供了借鉴与参考。     

改革定量化学分析实验教材的探索

目前我国高校使用的定量化学分析实验教材,对学生掌握基本理论和概念,加强实验技能的训练起着重要作用。然而我们在教学实践中逐渐感到这些教材对培养学生的实验能力和主动性方面尚未提供足够的机会和条件。为此我校对实验教材的改革作了些尝试,根据不同专业的不同要求编写教材,化工类实验教材按“先详后简”的轮廓编写;而应用化学专业则采用“设     

PBL教学法在高职药学专业有机化学教学中的应用

在高职药学专业有机化学的教学中采用PBL教学法,教学过程设计主要分为:教师课前设置问题,学生查找资料,分组讨论,学生评价,教师总结5个步骤。与传统教学法相比,PBL教学法具有能够激发学生学习兴趣,培养其自主学习能力,提高分析、解决问题的能力,提升学生整体素质等优点。     

OBTL模式下化学实验室安全课程的建设与探索*

结合本校化学实验室安全教育现状和OBTL教学模式特点,对“化学实验室安全”进行课程建设和探索,将成果导向理念贯穿建设全过程,根据预期学习成果反向设计教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和教学评价。在整个教学活动中,形成教师引导、学生为主体的学习共同体,并通过多元、多策略的教学活动和教学评价确保学习成果的实现。课程的建设和探索将有望进一步提高实验室人员的安全素养,为化学实验室安全提供主动防御的知识和能力保障,同时为同类高校化学化工类专业安全教育提供一种参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.