化学教学论课程中学生活动的设计与研究

“化学教学论”的教学实践中,坚持围绕每个内容专题,设计和组织学生活动,开展了汇报、讨论、辩论、设计、评价、学期论文汇报和答辩等多种形式的系列学生活动,取得了很好的教学效果。介绍了设计和研究化学教学论课程中学生活动的模型,详细和系统的学生活动设计框架,具体的活动组织与实施方案,并结合本校化学教育专业的实际进行了实践研究,运用活动后即时访谈、跟踪性访谈和调查问卷等方法调查分析了实践效果,结果表明,实施效果良好。     

师专有机化学考试方法的改革初探

为提高师范生在未来化学教学中的逻辑思维、教学组织及语言表达能力，将传统的单一笔试改为“抽签答辩式讲解考试”与笔试相结合的方法。利用加权平均法对学生抽签答辩式讲解答题的科学性、逻辑思维能力、语言表达能力、板书及教学效果等项指标进行现场百分考核，根据权重算出每个学生的综合评定成绩。     

膜分离科学与技术的研讨式教学

为培养学生研究性思维和创新意识,在膜分离科学与技术教学中采用了研讨式的教学模式。在教学方法设计上,通过设置不同层次的问题,将课程所涉及的知识逐步引入、深化扩展和实践小结。教学内容设计中加入了研究技能训练和课外大学生创新实验实践部分。教学效果评估中注重学生平时参与度的考核和文献答辩环节的表现。在整个教学过程中,增强了学生自主思考问题的能力,训练了学生的研究技能,收到了良好的教学效果。     

化学教育硕士学位论文的问题及思考

从一次化学教育硕士学位论文答辩中发现的诸多问题出发,对化学教育硕士学位论文从选题到撰写、再到答辩提出了几点建议,包括论文选题的取向、论文撰写的规范性等。     

本科毕业论文在一级学科范围答辩的实践

通过3年的本科毕业论文答辩方式改革的实践，提高了师生对本科毕业论文的重视程度，改进了本科毕业论文及答辩的总体水平，强化了对本科毕业论文的管理，在探索提高本科生综合能力的途径方面进行了有益的尝试。     

利用多媒体应用软件开发化学实验教学软件的尝试

计算机辅助教学是以电子计算机系统为教学媒体,部分地代替教师对学生进行教学和训练的现代化教学方式,简称CAI。要使这种新的教学方式在教学中充分发挥作用,关键在于要设计出好的课件,即计算机辅助教学的软件。     

运用系统论进行化学总复习之探索

在中学化学教学中,运用系统论进行总复习是一个值得探究的课题。本文在化学教学实践的基础上,探索性地论述了建构复习系统的基本思路,与如何运用系统论思想进行复习以及怎样把学生调动到复习系统之中等内容。在系统论的框架上,对3个知识组块的变革、3条基本原理的运用、3个阶段循环的操作展开教学讨论,旨在说明这种教学方法的显效性及其实践意义。     

基于建构主义理论架构以学生为中心的化工专业教学模式

基于建构主义理论，在化工专业教学中构建了以学生为中心的教学模式，以培养优秀化工专业人才为目标，从课程建设、情境构建、教学团队、教学评价和保障体系等方面进行了系统的理论架构和教学设计。实践结果表明，这种教学模式有利于激发学生的学习兴趣，提升学生的学习效果。     

α-Fe_2O_3液相合成及应用的研究型实验设计

结合前期的研究成果,设计了一个以α-Fe_2O_3的合成、表征及催化性能研究为主线的研究型实验,学生在教师的引导下查阅文献,设计实验方案,运用多种实验技术表征产品。学生通过对实验数据和表征结果的分析,确定各因素对实验结果的影响,从而优化实验方案,最后以科研论文的形式撰写实验报告,并且通过答辩进行讨论交流。该实验模式的实施有利于高素质人才的培养。     

高等师范院校“化学史”教学的探讨

“化学史”是高等师范院校为化学（教育）专业学生开设的一门专业选修课,但长期以来对于该门课程的教学研究不够重视。经过近几年的教学实践,在“化学史”教学过程中采用分段教学与过程评价,即参与型教学、学生试讲、学生论文及学生过程评价,取得了较好的教学效果。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.