R值测量及相关物理

工作在北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)上的北京谱仪(BES)对2—5GeV能区的R值进行了精确测量.这一成果对寻找新物理和新粒子Higgs在国际高能物理界带来巨大冲击.本文对R值测量及相关物理,如μ子反常磁矩α_μ,QED耦合常数α(M_z²),μ子偶素的基态超精细劈裂(HFS)以及确定强耦合常数α_s和重夸克质量等的最新进展和未来展望在实验和理论两方面均作了较详尽的介绍.     

夸克模型中的Dsj(2317),Dsj(2460)衰变

用夸克模型结合D_s,D_s^*, 讨论窄共振态D_sj^*(2317),D_sj(2460). 除η－π⁰混合角由D^*_s衰变宽度给出, 所有的参数均取自Godfrey和Isgur的夸克模型. 得到的电磁衰变宽度与实验数据和其他作者的结果相一致. 但是, 与现有的实验结果比较, D_sj^*(2317), D_sj(2460)的π介子衰变宽度要小一个数量级. 我们怀疑简单的手征夸克-π轴矢相互作用的哈密顿量不适合于D_sj^*(2317), D_sj(2460)的强衰变.     

在T2HDM模型中中性希格斯粒子对B→Xsl+l－衰变过程的影响

在T2HDM模型中计算了中性希格斯粒子圈图对稀有衰变过程B→X_sl⁺l^－的贡献. 通过计算发现: (a)中性希格斯粒子对衰变过程B→X_sl⁺l^－的修正能够增强其标准模型的预言, 但增幅很小; (b)在中性希格斯玻色子的质量大于100GeV和tanβ<40的情况下, 中性希格斯粒子对稀有衰变过程B→X_sl⁺l^－的分支比的贡献可忽略.     

B稀有辐射衰变对似矢量夸克模型约束的研究

在似矢量夸克模型中, 具有一个为SU(2)单态的下夸克D以及树图b→sZ^*相互作用z_sb. 在此框架下,(1) 通过考察描述B→X_sγ的Wilson系数随重正化标度从m_D到弱标度的跑动, 研究了D夸克对此衰变的影响.(2) 使用最近对B→X_sl⁺l^－的测量,获得了对z_sb相当严格的限制. 发现前后不对称的零点值可以与标致模型的预言有大的偏离, 并对z_sb十分敏感, 可以用来探测新物理.     

探测B0s—B0s混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应

最近由CDF合作组和DO合作组测量的B_s质量差ΔM_s粗略地与标准模型预测值一致, 因此这些测量将对限制超出标准模型的新物理信号提供一个机会. 考虑B0s—B0s混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应, 并用最近ΔM_s的实验结果去限制树图的R宇称破缺耦合. 然后, 通过从ΔM_s实验限制得到R宇称破缺耦合的参数空间, 显示在B_s宽度差ΔΓ_s中的R宇称破缺超对称效应.     

空间羣算符的矩阵元

本文首先通过对波失星直接乘积的分析指出,如果 ^*K″∈^*K?^*K′,则波矢峯G_k″可以有下面四种情况:A)G_k同G_k′,是G_k″的子峯,B)G_k=G_k′=G_k″,C)G_k″=G_s, D)G_s是G_k″的子峯。根据上述四种情况,分别考虑积分A=μ″^i″(k″)|f_μⁱ(k)|f_μ′^i′(k′)>的简约。并且证明,对所有四种情况,积分A的值均可由短阵U的矩阵元统一地表达出来。矩阵U是使可约表示Г′简约的转换矩阵,对四种情况,可约表示Г′分别是:A)(Г_kⁱ?Г_k′^i′)^(?),B)Гⁱ?Г_k′^i′,C)Г_k^i(s)?Г_k′^i′(s),D)(Г_k^i(s)?Г_k′^i′(s))^(?)。最后,利用准投影算符的方法,对矩阵U进行了计算,导出空间峯Wigner-Eckart定理的表式。     

hcp结构的Co磁性膜表面和界面的非线性克尔旋转及SHG的研究

本文基于对称性理论、磁性表面的菲涅耳反射和折射定律,研究了hcp(密排六方体)Co结构的χ⁽²⁾、SHG(二次谐波振荡)信号强度和非线性磁光克尔旋转角Φ_k,α⁽²⁾与入射角、偏振角及光子能量的关系.结果表明,Φ_k,α⁽²⁾比线性克尔角有巨大的增强;当接近垂直入射时,Φ_k,α⁽²⁾接近90°;Φ_k,α⁽²⁾灵敏地依赖于M的影响,从而可以通过Φ_k,α⁽²⁾来决定薄膜中的晶轴方向和磁化强度的取向.     

含QCD修正的p-A碰撞Drell-Yan过程的核效应

在微扰QCD α_s级近似下,采用双重Q²重标度模型,计算了p-A碰撞Drell-Yan截面与p-N碰撞Drell-Yan截面之比,即核效应函数R_QCD(x_A,Q²).计算结果与没有QCD修正的R(x_A,Q²)值比较,在0.03≤x_A≤0.3之间都有不同程度的压低,与实验符合的情况有所改善.说明对核Drell-Yan过程核效应的研究,QCD修正是有一定意义的,并且在计入这种修正后,双重Q²重标度模型仍然是有效的.     

18 MeV质子辐照对TiNi形状记忆合金R相变的影响

 研究了用HZ-B串列加速器的18MeV质子辐照对TiNi形状记忆合金R相变的影响，辐照在奥氏体母相状态下进行。示差扫描量热法（DSC）表明，辐照后R相变开始温度T^s_R和逆马氏体相变结束温度T^f_A随辐照注量的增加而降低。当注量为1.53×10¹⁴/cm²时，T^sR和T^f_A分别下降6K和13K，辐照未引起R相变结束温度T^s_R和逆马氏体相变开始温度T^f_A的变化。表明辐照后母相(奥氏体相)稳定。透射电镜（TEM）分析表明辐照后没有引起合金可观察的微观组织变化。辐照对R相变开始温度T^s_{R和逆马氏体相变结束温度Af的影响可能是由于质子辐照后产生了孤立的缺陷团，形成了局部应力场，引起晶格有序度的下降所造成的。}     

Be9(d,p),(d,t),(d,a)反应研究

本文在E_d=0.1—2.5MeV能量范围内,研究了Be⁹(d,p₀)Be¹⁰(0),Be⁹(d,p₁)Be¹⁰(3.368MeV),Be⁹(d,t₀)Be⁸(0),Be⁹(d,α₀)Li⁷(0)及Be⁹(d,α₁)Li⁷(0.478MeV)诸反应。在E_d=0.150,0.220,0.401,0.706,1.005,1.301,1.484,1.750,2.000,2.250和2.500MeV共十一个能量上分别测量了这五群出射粒子在θ_L=10—155°区间的角分布。在θ_L=135°,E_d=0.1—2.5MeV,在θ_L=95°,E_d=0.1—2.2MeV,和在θ_L=112.5°,E_d=0.5—2.5MeV测量了Be⁹(d,p₀)Be¹⁰的激发函数。在θ_L=135°和112.5°,E_d=1.2MeV,用较厚靶(100—300μg/cm²)测量了Be⁹(d,p₀)Be¹⁰(0)反应的截面绝对值,结果为σ_(p0)(θ_L=135°)=1.60mb/sr,σ_(p0)(θ_L=112.5°)=1.55mb/sr。这样就得到了在此能区内,这五群出射粒子的截面情况。对所得结果进行了一些讨论。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.