Cu~(2+)负载疏松多孔型羟胺改性聚丙烯腈对As(V)的吸附性能

采用高内相比乳液模板法合成出疏松多孔型聚丙烯腈(PAN),对其进行羟胺改性后再与Cu~(2+)配位,得到Cu~(2+)负载疏松多孔型羟胺改性聚丙烯腈(AO-PAN/Cu~(2+))。对所合成的AO-PAN/Cu~(2+)吸附剂进行了红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析等表征,并研究了其对As(V)的吸附性能。该吸附剂对As(V)的最大吸附量为0.22mg/g,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。在竞争离子存在下,AO-PAN/Cu~(2+)对As(V)具有较高的吸附选择性。固定床实验结果表明,AO-PAN/Cu~(2+)对含量为400μg/L的含砷模拟废水中的As(V)具有良好的分离性能,穿透体积达到110BV。     

响应面法优化污水处理厂改性污泥对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附作用

以开封县污水处理厂改性污泥为实验材料,处理模拟含铜废水.对实验过程中溶液初始pH(A)、吸附时间(B)、废水中Cu~(2+)浓度(C)三个重要影响因素之间的交互作用进行了考察,并建立了数学模型.结果表明,各因素对Cu~(2+)去除率的影响依次为初始浓度﹥pH﹥吸附时间.研究将吸附剂对Cu~(2+)吸附工艺参数进行了优化,得出吸附最优条件:初始浓度为18.00 mg/L,pH为5.50,吸附时间为30.00 min.在此最优条件下,3次试验的Cu~(2+)去除率均值都达到99.42%,试验值与理论值绝对偏差为0.69%.     

改性果胶-Fe_3O_4磁性微球的制备及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能研究

采用氯化钙、环氧氯丙烷交联改性,制备了改性果胶磁性微粒,分别用红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射对样品进行了表征并对实验条件进行了探究。实验结果表明:环氧氯丙烷改性果胶-Fe_3O_4微球吸附剂对Cu~(2+)有较好的吸附。该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,主要为化学吸附。当Cu~(2+)的初始浓度160 mg·L~(-1),吸附剂添加量为20 mg,反应时间为90 min,反应温度为60℃时的单位吸附量为74.89 mg·g~(-1)。研究还表明EDTA对磁性微球的洗脱效果最佳。环氧氯丙烷改性果胶-Fe_3O_4微球吸附剂对香螺、海螺和黄蚬子三种贝类的酶解液中Cu~(2+)进行脱除实验,去除率分别为85.1%,82.4%和83.5%,效果良好。     

耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)和Cr~(6+)吸附行为研究

本文以耐辐射奇球菌作为生物吸附剂去除溶液中的Cu~(2+)和Cr~(6+),通过考察吸附时间、初始离子浓度、菌液浓度等影响吸附效果的关键因素,研究了耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附作用,找出最佳吸附条件,并研究了Cu~(2+)、Cr~(6+)共存条件下的竞争吸附行为。采用紫外分光光度计分析耐辐射奇球菌在不同条件下对Cu~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的吸附作用;傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析细菌吸附前后的结构和形貌变化。结果表明:耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的最佳吸附时间均为80min。对Cu~(2+)、Cr~(6+)吸附的最佳初始浓度分别为0.08mol·L~(-1)、0.138mol·L~(-1),且随着菌液浓度的增大,耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附量随之增加。当Cu~(2+)、Cr~(6+)共存条件下耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)吸附量较Cr~(6+)更大。红外光谱仪和扫描电镜结果阐释了耐辐射奇球菌对Cu~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的吸附行为。耐辐射奇球菌以其超强生存能力,非致病性,环境友好等优势,在重金属废水处理方面将会有很好的应用前景。     

吡啶酮改性纤维素吸附剂对金属离子的吸附性能

经过两步简单反应合成了一种新型吡啶酮功能化纤维素吸附剂。该吸附剂的结构和表面形貌分别通过红外光谱和扫描电镜进行了表征,研究了其作为吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,吡啶酮双酸改性后纤维素吸附剂的表面变粗糙、比表面积增大,该吸附剂对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Co~(2+)的最大吸附容量分别达到146.52mg/g、233.05mg/g、192.08mg/g、258.13mg/g;对金属离子的吸附行为符合拟二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型;通过对吸附剂吸附金属离子前后的红外光谱研究,发现吡啶酮的酮羰基和羧酸基团同时参与了金属离子的吸附过程。     

Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)在磁性高岭土上的吸附动力学和热力学研究

通过Cu~(2+)或Ni~(2+)单一体系和竞争体系的吸附实验,研究了Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)在磁性高岭土上的竞争吸附动力学和热力学。实验结果表明,二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程能较好地拟合Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)在磁性高岭土上的单一吸附和竞争吸附,吸附过程主要由化学吸附控制,吸附颗粒内扩散过程是该吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤,吸附速率同时还受颗粒外扩散过程(如表面吸附和液膜扩散)的控制。Langmuir吸附等温方程能更好地拟合磁性高岭土对Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附,在单一体系和竞争体系中,磁性高岭土对Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附都是优惠吸附;在竞争体系中,磁性高岭土对Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附量均有所减弱,但Ni~(2+)的吸附量下降更明显,且对Cu~(2+)的吸附能力大于Ni~(2+)。热力学参数表明,Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)在磁性高岭土上的竞争吸附是自发、吸热和熵值增加过程,有竞争离子存在时会影响吸附热力学特性。     

聚乙烯亚胺印迹树脂对水中Cu2+的吸附研究

研究利用离子印迹技术,以离子交换树脂为支撑体,Cu~(2+)为模版离子,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性剂,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,成功制得Cu~(2+)印迹树脂,并应用于水中Cu~(2+)的吸附。在吸附溶液pH值为5.5,温度为25℃时,印迹树脂对Cu~(2+)的吸附量达85.7mg·g~(-1),表现出对Cu~(2+)较好的吸附性能。印迹树脂对Cu~(2+)的吸附符合Lagergren准2级动力模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,说明吸附主要以化学吸附为主,且吸附过程仅发生在表层,为单分子层吸附行为。当Cu~(2+)分别与Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)共存时,印迹树脂能够选择性吸附Cu~(2+),其中吸附80min后Cu/Zn高达2.31。对印迹树脂经过4次洗脱后吸附容量不再降低,表明其良好的化学稳定性和吸附性。     

新型多胺树脂选择性去除焦磷酸镀铜清洗废水中Cu~(2+)的特性

焦磷酸镀铜清洗废水中含有大量的络合态铜离子,本文对比研究了不同类型树脂对焦磷酸-铜络合体系中Cu~(2+)的去除性能,发现自合成多胺树脂PAMC在相关pH范围内对Cu~(2+)的吸附量远超商业离子交换树脂和螯合树脂32%～2个数量级。Cu~(2+)的等温线更符合Langmuir模型,焦磷酸根与Cu~(2+)的摩尔浓度比从4增大到25,Cu~(2+)的吸附量下降了27%。通过形态分析、动力学研究以及XPS表征分析发现,99%的Cu~(2+)是以Cu(P_2O_7)_2~(6-)和Cu(HP_2O_7)_2~(4-)形式存在,PAMC树脂对[Cu-P]络合物组分的吸附亲和力远高于自由态焦磷酸根离子,其主导机制可能为是络合态铜离子通过配位作用和静电作用分别与树脂表面的中性氨基和质子化氨基结合。实际废水动态吸附实验表明,在1BV/h的流速下,前80BV出水中Cu~(2+)浓度低于0.3mg/L,1BV 12%的硫酸和4BV水可完全再生树脂,再生液中Cu~(2+)最大浓度为22g/L。结果表明,PAMC树脂适用于焦磷酸镀铜清洗废水中Cu~(2+)的深度去除和资源回收。     

ZSM-5分子筛的可控制备及其对水中Cu2+吸附性能研究综合实验

设计了一个可以将分析化学、无机化学、有机化学及物理化学集于一体的综合性实验。该实验首先可控合成具有三维孔道结构的ZSM-5分子筛,再运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及物理吸附对其结构、形貌和孔径分别进行表征;继而考察改变pH、吸附时间、吸附温度、ZSM-5使用量等因素对水中Cu2+吸附性能的影响。本实验涉及无机化学、有机化学中的合成理论知识,物理化学的表面吸附原理,分析化学中的数据处理方法及大型仪器的使用。在锻炼了学生动手操作能力的基础上,又提高了学生对实验结果进行分析、评价的综合能力。     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3上CO和NO吸附的红外光谱研究——1.氧化态

应用红外光谱研究了CO,NO及其混合气在氧化态CuO/γ-Al_2O_3上的吸附。用XPS测量了表面铜的价态,用XRD分析了催化剂的物相。综合实验结果可知,催化剂体相为CuO,,CuAl_2O_4,,而Cu~+和Cu~(2+)则在样品表面上并存。红外光谱显示,CO在Cu~+上的吸附比在Cu~(2+)上的吸附强,而NO在Cu~(2+)上的吸附比在Cu~+上的吸附强。当CO和NO共存在体系中,CO选择吸附在Cu~+上,而NO选择吸附在Cu~(2+)上。高于室温时,除分子态吸附外,CO在催化剂表面上部分氧化为HCO_3~-,,CO_3~(2-)以及少量HCOO~-,NO吸附,被氧化为NO_3~-。CO和NO共吸附,CO抑制了NO的氧化。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。