稳态双曲流场中液/液混合的粘性液滴哑铃分散模型

通过对稳态双曲流场中液／液混合体系分散相液滴所受分散作用力的分析，建立了粘性液滴的哑铃分散模型．趋于将两粘性液滴分开的分散作用力与粘度比、流场类型和强度、液滴半径、哑铃取向和尺寸有关．该模型解释了流场类型与分散作用的关系．流场类型对液滴的分散具有很大影响，在纯应变拉伸流场中分散作用力是简单剪切流场中的两倍，因而对于液滴的分散，拉伸流场较简单剪切流场更有效，这与以前的实验结论符合．当体系粘度比趋于无穷大时本模型转化为刚性哑铃分散模型     

脲衍生物型手性固定相拆分氟西汀对映体

利用脲衍生物型手性色谱柱拆分药物氟西汀，主要优化了正相分离条件，并讨论了异构体的出峰次序；认为固定相中两个手性中心分别与异构体发生氢键及π－π电子授－受作用，且这两种作用力的强度对不同构型的异构体是不同的，流动相组成主要影响异构体的分析时间。     

O,O-二(β,β′-二叠氮异丙基)-α-对甲苯磺酰氨基-间硝基苄基磷酸酯的合成及晶体结构

首次合成了标题化合物C2 0 H2 3 N14 O7PS ,并通过元素分析、IR和1HNMR对化合物进行了表征 ,用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。晶体中一个不对称单元内有四个结晶学上独立的分子 ,这四个分子的构型基本相同。每两个分子之间以一对N—H…O氢键连接 ,生成一个非中心对称的二聚体 ,组成二聚体的两个分子侧链局部构象存在明显的差异。整个晶体则是由这些二聚体以vanderWaals作用力堆积而成。     

O,O-二(β,β'-二叠氮异丙基)-α-对甲苯磺酰氨基-间硝基苄基磷酸酯的合成及晶体结构

首次合成了标题化合物C20H23N14O7PS,并通过元素分析、IR和1H NMR对化合物进行了表征,用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构.晶体中一个不对称单元内有四个结晶学上独立的分子,这四个分子的构型基本相同.每两个分子之间以一对N-H…O氢键连接,生成一个非中心对称的二聚体,组成二聚体的两个分子侧链局部构象存在明显的差异.整个晶体则是由这些二聚体以vander Waals作用力堆积而成.     

科学家开发出超分子组装新方法

<正>英国和日本研究人员合作开发出一种超分子组装的新方法,有望带来比硅材料性能更优越的分子电子设备,研究人员认为,这种方法有着巨大应用潜力,有可能推动新材料生产的变革。相邻分子间存在微小的作用力,超分子组装就是利用了这种非共价键的微小力的累加效应,来形成有序的结构。新方法集中在研究分子间的作用力上,特别是那些"两亲"分子。"两亲"分子包含亲水和憎水两个部分。如家用洗涤剂     

O，O—二（β，β′—二叠氮异丙基）—α—对甲苯磺酰氨基—间硝基苄基磷酸酯的合成及晶体结构

首次合成了标题化合物C20H23N14O7PS，并通过元素分析、IR和^1H NMR对化合物进行了表征，用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。晶体中一个不对称单元内有四个结晶学上独立的分子，这四个分子的构型基本相同。每两个分子之间以一对N－－H…O氢键连接，生成一个非中心对称的二聚体，组成二聚体的两个分子侧链局部权象存在明显的差异。整个晶体则是由这些二聚体以van der Waals作用力堆积而成。     

溶质在磷脂膜色谱与正辛醇/水系统中的热力学分配行为

生物膜为液晶态磷脂双分子层结构, 其中蛋白质镶嵌在生物膜上, 处于脂质环境中, 因此药物膜的转运、 药物接近膜中蛋白质以及随后结合过程等均与药物和生物膜间的相互作用有着密切联系. 药物的膜/水分配系数(Km)是评价药物与生物膜间相互作用的定量参数, 为药物与生物膜间各种分子作用力的总和, 包括静电、 氢键和疏水等作用力及立体效应等[1,2]. 药物与生物膜间相互作用的评价系统一直是研究中的热点. 最初正辛醇/水系统为模型分配系统, 但是由于其不是理想的生物膜模拟相, 因此不能用来准确描述药物与生物膜间的相互作用. 最近出现的磷脂膜色谱可较好地模拟细胞膜有序磷脂层的空间环境, 因此在评价药物与生物膜间的相互作用、 预测药物跨膜转运以及生物活性上均明显优越于正辛醇/水系统[3]. 虽然我们已证明这两个系统在亲脂性测量尺度上存在明显差别, 但是并没有说明溶质与两个生物膜模拟相的相互作用机制的差别[4]. 本文考察了温度对溶质分子在这两个分配系统中分配的影响, 并从溶质分配过程中的熵变和焓变的角度对这两个分配系统进行了比较.     

弱阳离子交换色谱中疏水作用对蛋白保留的影响

选取了四种常用的弱阳离子交换(WCX)商品柱以研究标准蛋白在其上的色谱保留行为。发现在疏水色谱(HIC)模式下,蛋白在这四种WCX商品柱上也有不同程度的保留特征,且洗脱曲线呈现出保留值随盐浓度变化的"U"型。从分子力学角度定性解释了因疏水相互作用力的存在影响了蛋白在WCX色谱柱上洗脱顺序的改变。运用计量置换理论(SDT)中的两组线性方程进一步证实了WCX和HIC中蛋白与固定相间相互作用力的性质,在HIC中为非选择性作用力,而在离子交换色谱(IEC)中为选择性作用力。这四种色谱柱中的两种事实上可在WCX和HIC两种模式下,对标准蛋白进行分离且有较好的分离效果,有可能作为二维色谱柱来使用。     

一水合三异烟酸一(1,10-邻菲咯啉)合铒(III)的合成

本文合成了一个水合双配体铒配合物,即一水合三异烟酸一(1,10-邻菲咯啉)合铒(Ⅲ),并得到了它的晶体结构。晶体结构数据显示,在配合物中,中心铒(Ⅲ)离子采用八配位扭曲四方反棱柱构型与O6N2组合配位,其中一个氧原子来源于水分子,五个氧原子来源于三个异烟酸分子,而两个氮原子则来自于1,10-邻菲咯啉配体。在晶体结构中,两个O-H···N氢键连同一个C-H···π和一个π···π超分子间作用力一起形成了二维(2D)网状结构,此2D结构进一步通过层间π···π作用力和C-H···O作用力形成3D超分子构型。荧光测试显示,该化合物的荧光光谱大约在370nm-390nm处发射紫色荧光。     

线性溶剂-能量关系模型法评价纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基中酸酯)涂敷手性固定相的作用力及其对手性拆分的影响

利用线性溶剂-能量关系模型(LSER)对分别以氨丙基硅胶(APS)和硅胶(SiO2)为基质的两种纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC)手性固定相(CSP)存在的作用力进行研究.利用33种分析物的LSER描述符号及分析物在固定相上的保留时间进行多元线性回归,通过对回归所得到的系统参数的分析来评价固定相存在的作用力.分析表明:两种固定相在正相条件下存在较弱的π-π作用力,较强的偶极-偶极作用力.而氢键作用力的大小受到基质的影响,以APS为基质的固定相给电子能力较强;而以SiO2为基质的固定相给质子能力较强.     

Parametrization of macrolide antibiotics using the force field toolkit

Macrolides are an important class of antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome. Computer simulations of macrolides are limited as specific force field parameters have not been previously developed for them. Here, we determine CHARMM‐compatible force field parameters for erythromycin, azithromycin, and telithromycin, using the force field toolkit (ffTK) plugin in VMD. Because of their large size, novel approaches for parametrizing them had to be developed. Two methods for determining partial atomic charges, from interactions with TIP3P water and from the electrostatic potential, as well as several approaches for fitting the dihedral parameters were tested. The performance of the different parameter sets was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations of the macrolides in ribosome, with a distinct improvement in maintenance of key interactions observed after refinement of the initial parameters. Based on the results of the macrolide tests, recommended procedures for parametrizing very large molecules using ffTK are given. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

分子间相互作用力的直接测量

结合我们近期的研究工作,着重介绍如何将分子组装与单分子力谱相结合,从单分子水平直接研究分子间相互作用力,包括π-π相互作用、多价作用及嵌入作用.在实验中,将一个相互作用单元通过高分子间隔基共价连接到原子力显微镜针尖上,并将另一相互作用单元共价修饰到基底上,通过压电陶瓷管的移动获得力与拉伸长度的曲线.高分子柔性间隔基团的引入既可用来作为判别单链拉伸的"内标",又可避免非特异相互作用对待测的特异相互作用的影响.研究表明,结合静态和动态力学谱,不仅能够实现分子间相互作用力的直接测量,而且还可获得解离速率和相互作用的距离等参数.     

单分子水平高分子相互作用的AFM成像与单分子力谱研究

结合作者近期的研究工作,重点介绍了如何把原子力显微镜(AFM)成像及单分子力谱结合(包括原位结合或者离位结合)起来,研究高分子之间的相互作用.本文涉及生物高分子(主要是核酸-蛋白质体系)以及合成高分子体系(如聚氧乙烯,PEO)的相关研究工作.对于生物高分子体系,主要以长链核酸(如双螺旋DNA及RNA)为探针,首先利用A...     

Quantifying the Bonding Strength of Gold‐Chalcogen Bonds in Block Copolymer Systems

Gold‐chalcogen interactions are ubiquitous in gold biological and medicinal systems. Understanding the nature of these interactions can provide the basis for regulating their structures and functionalities, and a reasonable way to interpret the differences in various properties. However, the relative strength of gold‐chalcogen bonds remains controversial, and the conclusions of many related works are inconsistent. Thus, in this work, we successfully quantified the relative strength of Au‐X (X=S, Se, and Te from chalcogenide‐containing A‐B‐A type block copolymers) interactions at the single‐molecule level through single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) from a kinetic point of view and quantum chemical studies from a thermodynamic point of view. Both sets of results suggested that the strength of the Au‐X bonds decreases as Au‐Te>Au‐Se>Au‐S. Our findings unveiled the relative strength and nature of gold‐chalcogen interactions, which may help expand their application in electronics, catalysis, medicine and many other fields.     

Influence of intermolecular interactions on the formation of tetra(carbomethoxy)-tetrathiafulvalene assemblies.

We study the assemblies that tetra(carbomethoxy)tetrathiafulvalene (TCM-TTF) forms in solution and when deposited on a surface depending on intermolecular interactions and on the interactions with the substrate and the solvent. Its organization on graphite and mica substrates was studied by atomic force microscopy, and different molecular assemblies were observed depending on the prevailing interactions. The promotion of molecule-molecule interactions gave rise to the formation of molecular fibers. The investigation of the influence of the solvent-molecule interactions on TCM-TTF molecular organizations was carried out by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and a new TCM-TTF polymorph was obtained by changing the nature of the solvent. Finally, an explanation for all these phenomena, supported by computational modeling, is put forward.     

pyEFP: Automatic decomposition of the complex molecular systems into rigid polarizable fragments

We present an open source tool able to describe intermolecular electrostatic interactions within the framework of the effective fragment potential (EFP) method. Complex molecular structure is subdivided into compact rigid fragments and parameters of their interactions are obtained from ab initio calculations. Automatic procedure allows for searching of these parameters into the existing database and merge new fragments into it. A set of standard fragments useful for the studies of organic semiconductors is also provided. Input files both for purely EFP and hybrid QM/MM calculations can be generated. The program is written in python and freely available on GitHub: https://github.com/ale-odinokov/pyEFP © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

From Valleys to Ridges: Exploring the Dynamic Energy Landscape of Single Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins are involved in essential biological processes such as energy conversion, signal transduction, solute transport and secretion. All biological processes, also those involving membrane proteins, are steered by molecular interactions. Molecular interactions guide the folding and stability of membrane proteins, determine their assembly, switch their functional states or mediate signal transduction. The sequential steps of molecular interactions driving these processes can be described by dynamic energy landscapes. The conceptual energy landscape allows to follow the complex reaction pathways of membrane proteins while its modifications describe why and how pathways are changed. Single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) detects, quantifies and locates interactions within and between membrane proteins. SMFS helps to determine how these interactions change with temperature, point mutations, oligomerization and the functional states of membrane proteins. Applied in different modes, SMFS explores the co‐existence and population of reaction pathways in the energy landscape of the protein and thus reveals detailed insights into local mechanisms, determining its structural and functional relationships. Here we review how SMFS extracts the defining parameters of an energy landscape such as the barrier position, reaction kinetics and roughness with high precision.     

AFM单分子力谱在真实材料及生物体系中的应用——挑战与机遇并存

基于原子力显微镜技术（AFM）的单分子力谱是研究分子间分子内相互作用的有效手段．为了简化样品体系及数据的解析,真实的生物或材料体系通常被简化,其中的目标分子被提取并桥连于AFM的针尖与固体基片之间进行研究,这是认识真实体系的有效途径．随着技术的不断进步（包括样品固定方法的改进）,使得直接研究真实生物及材料体系中的各种弱相互作用成为可能,此种条件下获得的信息对相关生命过程的调控及高性能材料的设计更具指导意义．本文概述了近几年基于AFM力谱技术在活体细胞以及高分子材料领域的研究进展,分析了存在的主要问题,并对相关领域的未来进行了展望．     

A Fullerene-Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C60 Surface

To investigate the nature and strength of noncovalent interactions at the fullerene surface, molecular torsion balances consisting of C₆₀ and organic moieties connected through a biphenyl linkage were synthesized. NMR and computational studies show that the unimolecular system remains in equilibrium between well-defined folded and unfolded conformers owing to restricted rotation around the biphenyl C−C bond. The energy differences between the two conformers depend on the substituents and is ascribed to differences in the intramolecular noncovalent interactions between the organic moieties and the fullerene surface. Fullerenes favor interacting with the π-faces of benzenes bearing electron-donating substituents. The correlation between the folding free energies and corresponding Hammett constants of the substituents in the arene-containing torsion balances reflects the contributions of the electrostatic interactions and dispersion force to face-to-face arene–fullerene interactions.