结合重金属前后浮萍的红外光谱比较

对结合ＺｎＳＯ４前后浮萍的红外光谱图进行了比较。结构Ｚｎ＾２＋后,３４００ｃｍ＾－１附近的羟基峰发生了位移（△υ＝８３ｃｍ＾－１）,且吸光度下降,１６５０和１５４０ｃｍ＾－１处的蛋白质特征峰的吸光度也下降,而６２０ｃｍ＾－１处峰的吸光度随ＺｎＳＯ４浓度的升高显著增大。因此羟基在结合Ｚｎ＾２＋时起重要作用,结合ＺｎＳＯ４后细胞壁的结构发生了变化,结合ＺｎＳＯ４时物理吸附与化学吸附共同起作用。     

石英矿物表面反应性的EPR谱学研究

采用顺磁共振谱（ＥＰＲ）方法对不同ｐＨ值条件下石英表面与Ｃｕ＾２＋离子反应的机理进行研究。当溶液的ｐＨ值在２至１１之间地,石英表面Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的吸附覆盖率相应地由０至１０．３２％变化;同时,其ＥＰＲ谱的线形、线宽及ｇ因子值也发生了特征的变化。研究表明,随着石英表面Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的吸附覆盖率的不断升高,表面反应产物的结合形态相应地出现单核化合物、多核化合物直至表面沉淀。     

Dy^3^＋在Ca3La3（BO3）5中的光致发光

研究了Ｃａ３Ｌａ３（ＢＯ３）５中Ｄｙ＾３＾＋的光致发光，Ｃｅ＾３＾＋或Ｂｉ＾３＾＋对Ｄｙ＾３＾＋发光的敏化作用，Ｄｙ＾３＾＋自身浓度猝灭和ＣＥ＾３＾＋→Ｄｙ＾３＾＋能量传递的机理。     

798 nm半导体激光激发下Yb3+, Tm3+:ZBLAN玻璃的上转换发光

在用７９８ｎｍ半导体激光直接激发Ｔｍ＾３＋离子至＾３Ｆ４能级时,Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｙｂ＾３＋共掺的锆系氟化物（Ｔｍ＾３＋,Ｙｂ＾３＋;ＺＢＬＡＮ）玻璃中观测到了较强的上转换蓝光。分析了发光机理：Ｔｍ＾３＋离子把能量传递给Ｙｂ＾２＋离子,被激发的Ｙｂ＾３＋离子又把能量传递给Ｔｍ＾３＋离子,从而把Ｔｍ＾３＋激发至发射蓝光的能级＾１Ｇ４和＾１Ｄ２。对这种泵浦机制的特点进行了讨论。     

铝对掺铽硅基玻璃发光强度的影响

本文通过溶胶－凝胶方法法制备了掺Ｔｂ＾３＋和Ａｌ＾３＋的硅基玻璃,并研究了Ａｌ＾３＋对Ｔｂ＾３＋发光性能的影响,结果显示Ａｌ＾３＋对Ｔｂ＾３＋的发射峰的位置没有明显影响,但通过溶胶－凝胶方法掺Ａｌ＾３＋后,所有样品中Ｔｂ＾３＋的发光强度都明显增加,掺８％－１０％的Ａｌ＾３＋的Ｔｂ－硅基玻璃中Ｔｂ＾３＋的发光强度是不掺Ａｌ＾３＋的Ｔｂ－硅基玻璃中的５倍,我们推测Ｔｂ＾３＋和Ａｌ＾３＋能级之间的关系对于能量传递是比较合适的,Ａｌ＾３＋的作用是更有效地吸收能量并完全地转移给Ｔｂ＾３＋。     

稀土元素荧光增强效应的研究：RE对Eu—苯甲酰三氟丙酮—溴…

本文详细研究了稀土元素Ｌａ＾３＋，Ｇｄ＾３＋，Ｔｂ＾３＋，ＬＵ＾３＋，Ｙ＾３＋及Ｓｃ＾３＋对铕－苯甲酰三氟丙酮－阳离子表面活性剂体系的荧光增经效应。     

杂质对（Ce,Gd,Tb）MgB5O10灯用荧光粉发光量子效率的影响

研究了杂质对Ｃｅ０．１ｇＤ０．６ｔＢ０．２ｍＧｂ５ｏ１０发光量子效率的影响。低浓度的Ｐｒ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋、ＤＦ＾３＋、Ｈｏ＾３＋和Ｅｒ＾３＋不能有效地与Ｇｄ＾３＋和Ｔｂ＾３＋竞争Ｃｅ＾３＋离子的激发能。此外，因电子传递过程，Ｓｍ＾３＋和Ｅｕ３＋使Ｃｅ＾３＋的发光效率大大降低。     

Sol—Gel法和微波辐射法合成亚纳米级Zn2SiO4：Mn^2＋,Er^3＋高效绿色 …

用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法和微小法合成了亚纳米级Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｅｒ＾３＋高效绿色荧光体,考究了Ｍｎ＾２＋单掺和Ｅｒ＾３＋敏化的荧光体的发光,探讨了掺杂浓度对发光性质的影响,发交Ｅｒ＾３＋可有效敏化Ｍｎ＾２＋的发光。ＳＥＭ表明Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｅｒ＾３＋的粒度约为１５０～３５０ｎｍ。     

Pr,Yb：ZBLAN上转换发光过程中的能量

详细地研究了Ｐｒ＾３＋，ＹＢ＾３＋，ＺＢＬＡＮ玻璃中Ｐｒ＾３＋和Ｙｂ＾３＋离子之间的能量传递过程，及能量传递对上转换发光的影响。实验结果表明，在９６０ｎｍ激光泵浦下Ｙｂ＾３＋通过Ｙｂ＾３＋－Ｐｒ＾３＋之间的交叉弛豫向Ｐｒ＾３＋传递能量。具体的能量传递形式有三种。     

He（2^3S）与N2O（X）Penning电离中的N2O^＋（A^2Σ^＋）生成速率及相…

在分子束条件下测量了Ｈｅ（２＾３Ｓ）＋Ｎ２Ｏ（Ｘ）→Ｎ２Ｏ＾＋（Ａ＾２Σ＾＋）＋Ｈｅ（＾１Ｓｏ）＋ｅ＾－反应的Ｐｅｎｎｉｎｇ电离光学光谱，求得了Ｎ２Ｏ＾＋（Ａ＾２Σ＾＋）态的初生态相对振动布居。以Ｈｅ（２＾３Ｓ）＋Ｎ２（Ｘ）→Ｎ＾＋２（Ｂ＾２Σ＾＋ｕ）＋Ｈｅ（＾１Ｓｏ）＋ｅ＾－为参考反应，测量了Ｈｅ（２＾３Ｓ）＋ＢＮ２Ｏ＾＋（Ａ＾２Σ＾＋）＋Ｈｅ（＾１Ｓｏ）＋ｅ＾－反应的速率常数ＫＮ２Ｏ＾＋（Ａ）     

全局耦合网络上的两种类集团的聚集-湮没反应动力学

利用Monte-Carlo模拟研究了全局耦合网络上扩散限制的不可逆聚集-湮没过程的动力学行为. 在系统中, 同种类集团相遇, 将发生聚集反应; 不同种类的集团相遇, 则发生部分湮没反应. 模拟结果表明:1) 当两种粒子初始浓度相等时, 系统长时间演化后, 集团浓度c(t)和粒子浓度g(t)呈现幂律形式, c(t)～t^{- α}和g(t)～t^-β, 其中幂指数α 和β 满足α=2β 的关系, 且α=2/(2 + q); 集团大小分布随时间的演化满足标度律, a_kt)=k^-τt^-ω\varPhi (k/t^z), 其中τ≈-1.27q, ω≈(3 + 1.27q)/(2 + q), z=α/2=1/(2 + q); 2) 当两种粒子初始浓度不相等时, 系统经长时间演化后, 初始浓度较小的种类完全湮没, 而初始浓度较大的那个种类的集团浓度c_A(t)仍具有幂律形式, c_A(t)～t^-α, 其中α=1/(1+q), 其集团大小分布随时间的演化也满足标度律, 标度指数为τ≈-1.27q, ω≈(2 + 1.27q)/(1 + q)和z=α=1/(1 + q). 模拟结果与已报道的理论分析结果相符得很好.     

Adsorption isotherms for fluids with strong interparticle repulsions

We derive adsorption isotherms for an adsorbate of hard-sphere particles with sticky interactions at any fluid density being adsorbed onto a plane, sticky surface. The theory is based on the Percus-Yevick theory for bulk fluids and explicitly includes the equilibrium between the adsorbed fluid and the bulk adsorbate. The theory predicts a surface condensation at low temperatures and low bulk densities in good agreement with surface condensations found in experimental studies of adsorption of gases onto graphite. An approximate law of corresponding states for these transitions is developed. At higher bulk densities and room temperatures, the adsorption isotherms can show a maximum, in accord with recent experimental work.Supported by the Australian Research Grants Commission.     

An Analytical Approach to the Turbulence-Relaxed State in Tokamak Plasmas

Starting from the continuity, temperature, and motion equations of the trapped electron fluid in generaltokamak magnetic field with positive or reversed shear and the definition of Lagrangian invariant, dL / dt = ( t u. )L =0, where u is convective velocity, the trapped electron dynamics is considered in the following two assumptions: (i) theturbulence is low frequency electrostatic, and (ii) L is a functional only of the density n, temperature T, and magneticfield B, and the effect of perturbation potential φ is included in the convective velocity u, i.e., u is a functional of n,T, B, and φ. The Lagrangian invariant hidden in the trapped electron dynamics is strictly found: L= ln[(n/B)c1(T/B2/3)c2], where c1 and c2 are dimensionless changeable parameters and c1 ∝ c2. From this Lagrangian invariant thewhich, in the limit of large aspect ratio, reduce to n(r)q(r) = const. and T3/2(r)q(r) = const., respectively. The lattertwo scaling laws are compared with existent experimental results, being in good agreement.     

Guiding of 150 keV O6＋ ions through nanocapillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane： special time dependence of the transmission profile width

<正>This paper reports that the transmission of O⁶⁺ ions with energy of 150keV through capillaries in an uncoated Al₂O₃ membrane was measured,and agreements with previously reported results in general angular distribution of the transmitted ions and the transmission fractions as a function of the tilt angle well fitted to Gaussian-like functions were observed.Due to using an uncoated capillary membrane,ourψ_c is larger than that using a gold-coated one with a smaller value of（?）,which suggests a larger equilibrium charge Q_∞in our experiment.The observed special width variation with time and a larger width than that using a smaller（?） were qualitatively explained by using mean-field classical transport theory based on a classical-trajectory Monte Carlo simulation.     

不同形貌二水草酸钙对阴离子表面活性剂AOT的吸附差异

人体尿液中存在大量具有生物表面活性的物质,而这些物质与尿液中不同形貌的草酸钙微晶间的吸附关系并未得到人们广泛关注。挑选了常用的阴离子表面活性剂磺基琥珀酸钠二辛酯(AOT)作为吸附物质,研究了不同形貌的二水草酸钙(COD)晶体对AOT的吸附差异,探究草酸钙结石的形成机理。采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征,并通过谱图差异分析了吸附AOT前后棒状、圆钝形、花状、十字形和双锥形COD晶体的组分变化;采用Zeta电位分析仪测定吸附AOT后晶体表面的Zeta电位随AOT浓度的变化;采用比色法通过紫外可见分光光度计测定不同浓度AOT存在下晶体的吸附量变化并绘制吸附曲线。随着AOT浓度的增加,COD的吸附量逐渐上升,最后达到吸附饱和状态,各吸附曲线均呈S型。不同形貌COD对AOT的最大吸附量大小顺序为：棒状COD (41.0 mg·g-1)>圆钝形COD (37.5 mg·g-1)>花状COD (35.0 mg·g-1)>十字形COD (27.2 mg·g-1)>双锥形COD (20.9 mg·g-1)。COD晶体的比表面积越大,表面提供的活性位点也越多,越有利于表面活性剂AOT在晶体表面的吸附;富含Ca2+的(100)晶面更利于阴离子的AOT的优先吸附;此外COD晶体的内能越大,越会抑制AOT在COD表面的吸附,导致吸附量降低。吸附了AOT的COD晶体稳定性显著增加,COD向COM转变的速度明显降低。基于AOT在不同形貌的COD晶体表面的吸附特点,提出了COD晶体吸附AOT的分子模型。COD晶体对AOT的吸附与晶体形貌密切相关。容易吸附AOT的COD晶体形貌更容易粘附在带负电荷受损伤的细胞表面,加大草酸钙结石形成的风险。     

干涉项对e~+e~-→q+ng两种色连接几率的影响

传统高能e+ e-→hadrons事例产生器普遍采用大Nc 近似 ,使色单态链产生几率达到 10 0 %而色分离态几率为 0 .本文在Nc=3的真实情况下 ,研究了干涉项中颜色部分和动量部分的来源及性质后发现 ,对e+ e-→qq +ng部分子末态中胶子数 2 ,3,干涉项使色单态链产生几率进一步下降到 6 7% ,5 8% ,而n =2时的色分离态几率则增大至不考虑干涉项的 2倍 .由上推断当胶子数n更大时色单态链几率将远小于 1,色分离态几率将更显著增加     

Stability of spikes in the shadow Gierer-Meinhardt system with Robin boundary conditions

We consider the shadow system of the Gierer-Meinhardt system in a smooth bounded domain Omega subset R(N),A(t)=epsilon(2)DeltaA-A+A(p)/xi(q),x is element of Omega, t>0, tau/Omega/xi(t)=-/Omega/xi+1/xi(s) integral(Omega)A(r)dx, t>0 with the Robin boundary condition epsilon partial differentialA/partial differentialnu+a(A)A=0, x is element of partial differentialOmega, where a(A)>0, the reaction rates (p,q,r,s) satisfy 10, r>0, s>or=0, 1or=0. We rigorously prove the following results on the stability of one-spike solutions: (i) If r=2 and 11 and tau sufficiently small the interior spike is stable. (ii) For N=1 if r=2 and 11 such that for a is element of (a(0),1) and mu=2q/(s+1)(p-1) is element of (1,mu(0)) the near-boundary spike solution is unstable. This instability is not present for the Neumann boundary condition but only arises for the Robin boundary condition. Furthermore, we show that the corresponding eigenvalue is of order O(1) as epsilon-->0.     

干废弃啤酒酵母菌对铅离子的吸附及FTIR分析

以啤酒厂废弃啤酒酵母菌为原料,利用原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电子显微镜/X射线能谱仪(SEM/EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段,研究其对Pb2+的生物吸附规律,并对吸附机理进行了探讨。结果发现实验条件下,啤酒酵母菌对Pb2+的吸附是一个快速过程,实验进行30 min时酵母菌的吸附量为47.6 mg·g-1,吸附效率已达到91.6％,90 min时基本达到吸附平衡,此时酵母菌实验吸附量为48.8 mg·g-1,吸附效率接近94.0％以上。SEM分析发现吸附Pb2+后部分酵母菌出现细胞壁破裂和脱离现象,且认为胞内的溶出物质为酵母菌对Pb2+后期吸附有一定贡献。EDS分析进一步证明Pb2+被吸附到酵母菌细胞上。FTIR分析发现,不同pH和吸附时间红外光谱图均有所差异,特别是羟基、羧基及酰胺的氨基等基团变化显著,认为细胞上的多糖、蛋白质酰胺更多地参与了对Pb2+的化学吸附过程。利用啤酒厂废弃啤酒酵母菌菌体为原料处理工业污水中的Pb2+是一种价格低廉,吸附效果理想的有效途径。     

Effect of S contamination on properties of Fe(1 0 0) surfaces

The effect of S contamination on the properties of Fe(1 0 0) is examined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. S is adsorbed at 1/2 monolayer coverage in atop, bridge and hollow sites in a c(2 × 2) arrangement. The effect of S on the clean surface properties is first examined for the three adsorption sites and compared with experimental and other theoretical data. S is found to adsorb preferentially in hollow sites on the isolated surface in agreement with experiment. The adhesion energy at different interfacial separations is then calculated and the effect of S on the interfacial properties of Fe(1 0 0) is characterised quantitatively and qualitatively. S is found to enhance adhesion at larger separations though at the equilibrium interfacial separation the maximum interfacial strength is reduced.     

The energetics of mercury adsorption on Cu(100)

We have investigated the adsorption of mercury overlayers on Cu(100) by atom beam scattering, low energy electron diffraction and angle resolved photoemission. From our data we have calculated the isosteric heats in the adsorbed Hg layer on Cu(100) and compared these with results obtained for mercury on Fe(100), W(100) and Ni(100). We observe changes in the isosteric heat of adsorption that can be associated with the ordering of a c(2 × 2) Hg overlayer phase and the transition from a c(2 × 2) overlayer to a c(4 × 4) overlayer. The isosteric heat of adsorption is 0.50 ± 0.07 eV/atom (48 ± 7 kJ/mol) at zero coverage and reaches a maximum of 0.73 ± 0.04 eV/atom (70 ± 4 kJ/mol). From a combination of ABS and LEED, the structures of the two equilibrium ordered phases of Hg on Cu(100) have been identified, as well as the structures of several non-equilibrium phases.