铋膜电极微分电位溶出法测定生物材料中痕量铅

研究了镀铋膜电极替代镀汞膜电极痕量铅的微分电位溶出分析法(DPSA)。考察并优化了同位镀铋膜测定铅的条件。结果表明,在HAc-NaAc(pH=4.4)介质中,铅可在镀铋膜电极上得到灵敏的微分电位溶出峰;利用标准加入法对人尿及血中痕量铅进行了测定。本法避免了镀汞膜电极对人体健康及环境的危害。     

预镀铋膜阳极溶出伏安法测定废水中微量铅和镉

本文采用预镀铋膜法修饰玻碳电极,并用该电极对废水中微量铅和镉同时进行了阳极溶出伏安法测定,研究了预镀铋膜测定铅和镉的条件。实验结果表明:铅和镉在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰,峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近,使用预镀铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。     

铋膜电极电位溶出法测定痕量铅、镉、锌

研究了用铋膜电极替代汞膜电极测定痕量重金属元素铅、镉和锌的电位溶出法。实验了同位镀铋膜及测定重金属特别是痕量铅的条件。实验结果表明：铅、镉、锌在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰，峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近，使用铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。利用铋膜电极电位溶出法测定了水样及血样中痕量铅的含量。     

铋膜电极溶出伏安法测定食品中痕量重金属

以铋膜电极为工作电极,采用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法直接测定食品样品中痕量铅、镉和锌。在富集电位-1.4V,富集时间180s,铋膜质量浓度150μg·L-1的条件下,铋膜电极对铅、镉和锌的氧化溶出具有良好的电化学响应。铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在5.0~40μg·L-1的范围内与其阳极溶出峰电流呈线性关系,铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.80,0.65,0.58μg·L-1。对25μg·L-1铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)溶液用铋膜电极连续测定15次,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%,5.1%,7.1%。方法应用于食品中痕量重金属的测定,测定结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的测定值相符。     

硒碳糊电极微分电位溶出法测定铜和铋

建立了掺杂硒碳糊电极同时测定铜和铋的微分电位溶出法。在HCl(0.05mol/L)中,在-0.3V(vs.Ag/AgCl)下,Cu2+和Bi3+电沉积在电极表面,再在溶液中溶解氧的作用下,铜和铋从电极表面溶出,分别于0.30V和0.02V获得灵敏的电位溶出峰。微分电位溶出峰高(dt/dE)与铜和铋的浓度成线性关系,线性范围为5.0×10-9～1.55×10-7mol/L,检出限分别为4.0×10-9和2.5×10-9mol/L(S/N=3)。方法用于实际样品中铜和铋的测定,结果令人满意。     

应用微分电位溶出法测定固体食品中的铅

以0．16moL／LHNO3为底液．预镀汞膜的玻碳电极为工作电极，用微分电位溶出法对固体食品中的铅进行测定，用标准加入法定量。检出限2．5×10－9，变异系数0．7％～5．7％，回收率93％～106％，本法与原子吸收法对比，测定结果无显著性差异．     

微分电位溶出法测定车间空气中镉的研究

以０．５０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１盐酸为底液，预镀汞膜的玻碳电极为工作电极，用微分电位溶出法对车间空气中镉进行测定，用标准加入法定量，在选定的条件下，线性关系良好，精密度ＣＶ为１．２５６％－２．２３％，平均回收率为９６％－１０７％，本法与原子吸收法对比，测定结果显著性差异，结果令人满意。     

恒电流计量电位溶出法测定环境水样中痕量银

采用玻璃电极－氯化银参比电极－铂对电极三电极系统的恒电流微分计量电溶出分析,在0．1mol.L^-1HNO3-0.05mol.^-1KNO3介质中,银在－0．340V左右呈现良好的氧化溶出峰,用此峰可进行银的微分计时电位溶出分析。在2．5－120μg.L^-1范围内的浓度与峰高呈线性关系,相关系数为0．9992,方法用于环境水样中痕量银的测定,获得满意结果。     

Oscillography Double Potentiometric Titration of Cadmium（ll） Using Modified Platinum Electrode

制备了镉修饰铂电极,用循环伏安法表征了Cd（II）在该电极上的吸附特性,探讨了电极的响应机理．通过优化试验条件,建立了一种新的测定Cd（II）的示波双电位滴定法．在1．0mol／L的六次甲基四胺溶液中（pH=6．0）,用制备的修饰铂电极作为双指示电极,以EDTA标准溶液滴定Cd（II）,利用示波器屏幕上荧光点的显著最大位移指示滴定终点．Cd（II）在9．0×10。～3．5×10。mol／L时,回收率为99．8％～100．3％．该修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性,在含有1．0×10。mol／LCd（II）的溶液中,连续13次测定,所得终点电位值均在37mV左右,其相对标准偏差（RSD）0．02％．应用该方法测定含镉样品,RSD值m=71小于0．81％．回收率为99．71％～100．09％．测定结果与指示剂法测定佰相符．     

微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅

应用微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅,测定时采用三电极系统(镀汞玻碳电极,饱和甘汞电极,铂电极)。在pH2.0～5.0酸度条件下,铅(Ⅱ)在-1.10V预富集60s,在-0.10～-0.90V区间记录溶出电位,铅(Ⅱ)的溶出电位在-0.44V。铅(Ⅱ)的溶出峰高与铅(Ⅱ)浓度在0～10μg·L-1区间内呈线性关系。方法的检出限为0.2ng·ml-1,RSD(n=6)为1.17%,回收率为96%,与AAS法作比较,结果一致。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.