Oxidative Deselenylation with Sodium Perborate and Sodium Percarbonate

In the presence of acetic anhydride, both sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate have been found to be effective reagents for the oxidation of α-phenylselenocarbonyl compounds to α,β,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.     

Sodium mycophenolate

The title compound, sodium 6‐(1,3‐di­hydro‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐7‐methyl‐3‐oxoisobenzo­furan‐5‐yl)‐4‐methyl­hex‐4‐enoate, Na⁺·C₁₇H₁₉O₆^?, is the sodium salt of the natural immunosuppressant compound mycophenolic acid. It consists of a phthalide moiety carrying four different substituents on the aromatic ring. The anion has no intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but a very strong intermolecular hydrogen bond links the phenolic hydroxy group to the carboxyl group of a neighbouring anion found in the same layer. Within a distance of 2.71 Å, the Na⁺ ion is surrounded by five O atoms from four different anions, forming a distorted square pyramid. This Na—O network forms an infinite two‐dimensional system running parallel to the bc plane.     

抗氧剂亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠氧化反应速率常数的测定

为评价抗氧剂的抗氧化能力, 测定了抗氧剂亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠在水溶液中与氧反应的速率常数. 在溶液中连续通入足量的氧气, 维持溶解氧浓度恒定. 用碘量法测定亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠在水溶液中不同时刻的浓度, 用氧电极测定溶液中溶解氧的浓度, 作出亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠的降解曲线, 计算亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠氧化反应速率常数. 结果表明, 亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠及焦亚硫酸钠在水溶液中与氧的反应均为零级反应. 由于在溶液中这三种抗氧剂存在解离平衡, 当溶液的pH值相同时这三种抗氧剂实质上是一样的, 其平均表观反应速率常数在25 ℃温度和pH 6.8, 4.0及9.2条件下分别为(1.34±0.03)×10^－3, (1.20±0.02)×10^－3和(6.58±0.02)×10^－3 mol•L^－1•h^－1.     

硅酸钠和硅铝酸钠溶液的研究

本文采用TMS-GC方法研究硅酸钠及硅铝酸钠溶液中硅酸根离子存在状态及其变化,并配合²⁷Al-NMR方法研究铝酸根离子存在状态,从中找出它们的变化规律。     

Determination of Sodium Tolyltriazole and Sodium Mercaptobenzothiazole in Engine Coolants

Abstract

A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to quantitatively determine the corrosion inhibitors sodium tolyltriazole and sodium mercaptobenzothiazole in fresh and used ethylene glycol-based engine coolant formulations. Aliquots of coolant, diluted with water and methanol, are analyzed directly. Approximately one-half hour is required to determine both inhibitors with relative standard deviations of about 4%.     

钠是怎样“钻进”灯泡里的——介绍实验室制得金属钠的有趣实验

按右边图示连接好装置进行实验:选用12～16V的学生实验直流电源,将其负极与灯头插座上的一个接线螺丝用导线连接好,再往灯头插座插上一个“220V-15W”的普通灯泡;正极与石墨电极(也可用铁皮罐头盒直接作为电极)相连接,然后将灯泡和石墨电极悬空置于铁皮罐头盒中,往罐头盒中加入固体NaOH再加少量水使其润湿,用电炉加热至熔融。将灯泡上两个触点引线接入220V交流电源,灯泡通电发光,按下直流电键进行电解。     

碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠分解温度的热力学估算

运用化学反应的焓变与熵变,从化学热力学的角度,计算说明了如果空气中二氧化碳的含量按文献值即体积浓度为0.03%上下各浮动20%,求得碳酸钠分解温度为1227.69℃和1203.74℃,用酒精灯加热不能达到;碳酸氢钠分解温度为54.56℃和50.9℃,用酒精灯加热很容易达到;故用酒精灯加热只能使碳酸氢钠分解产生二氧化碳,而碳酸钠则不能。     

自动电位滴定法测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量

采用自动电位滴定法,用硝酸银标准溶液作为滴定剂,测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量。方法检出限为0.13mg/L,不同含量氯化钠样品加标回收率为99.7%~100.3%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.17%~2.0%,方法简单、快速,精密度和准确度高,适合大批量快速分析样品。     

海藻酸钠粘结剂用于钠离子电池红磷-碳负极

通过球磨法制备了红磷-碳(P-C)复合材料,并考察了海藻酸钠(SA)粘结剂用于钠离子电池P-C负极的电化学性能。结果表明,相对于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)粘结剂,SA粘结剂使P-C电极展示了较高的可逆容量(在0.1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环20圈后的容量为2 126 m Ah·g~(-1))。使用SA作粘接剂的P-C复合材料优越的电化学性能,归因于SA粘结剂与活性物质之间可能存在的化学作用力,有效缓解了红磷脱嵌钠过程中的体积变化,保持了电极的稳定性。     

Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Sodium Benzenedithiolate-Rich Protection Layer

Sodium metal is an ideal anode material for metal rechargeable batteries, owing to its high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g⁻¹), low cost, and earth-abundance. However, the dendritic growth upon Na plating, stemming from unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, is a major and most notable problem. Here, a sodium benzenedithiolate (PhS₂Na₂)-rich protection layer is synthesized in situ on sodium by a facile method that effectively prevents dendrite growth in the carbonate electrolyte, leading to stabilized sodium metal electrodeposition for 400 cycles (800 h) of repeated plating/stripping at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻². The organic salt, PhS₂Na₂, is found to be a critical component in the protection layer. This finding opens up a new and promising avenue, based on organic sodium slats, to stabilize sodium metals with a protection layer.     

A Sodium Manganese Oxide Cathode by Facile Reduction for Sodium Batteries

A nonstoichiometric sodium manganese oxide (Na_xMnO_2+δ) cathode useful for sodium batteries was synthesized by an ambient‐temperature strategy that involved facile reduction of aqueous sodium permanganate in sodium iodide and subsequent heat treatment at 600 °C. Combined powder X‐ray diffraction and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the annealed sample to belong to a Na_xMnO₂ phase with a P2‐hexagonal structure. The ICP‐AES results confirmed the stoichiometry of the sample to be Na_0.53MnO_2+δ. Electron microscopy studies revealed the particle size of the electrode to be in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The Na_0.53MnO_2+δ cathode delivered an average discharge capacity of 170 mA h g^?1 with a stable plateau at 2.1 V for the initial 25 cycles versus sodium. Ex situ XANES studies confirmed the reversible intercalation of sodium into Na_0.53MnO_2+δ and suggested the accommodation of over‐stoichiometric Mn⁴⁺ ions to contribute towards the performance of the electrode.     

百里酚蓝鉴别碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠溶液实验的设计与研究

基于碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠溶液的碱性不同,采用适量的百里酚蓝乙醇溶液,设计了可快速、方便、有效地鉴别碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠溶液的方法,并对其进行了理论研究。该方法现象明显,可靠性强,重现性好,成功率高。可应用于食品、药品检测等领域。     

Non-Aqueous Titrimetric Determination of Sulphadimidine Sodium and Sulphadiazine Sodium in Injections

Abstract

The behaviour of sodium salts of two heterocyclic sulphonamide derivatives (Sulphadimidine and sulphadiazine) in non-aqueous titrimetry was studied. Accordingly a simple and accurate procedure for their determination, based on their titration in acetic anhydride-acetic acid solvent system (5:1) with acetous perchloric acid solution is proposed. Results obtained agreed with those of a pharmacopoeial method.     

溶剂浮选-气相色谱法测定铝酸钠溶液中的硬脂酸钠

用溶剂浮选-气相色谱法测定铝酸钠溶液中的硬脂酸钠。选择环己酮为浮选溶剂,样品经1∶1(V/V)的盐酸酸化后,以40 mL/m in的速度通入氮气并以环己酮为浮选溶剂浮选30 m in进行富集,用CH3OH/BF3在80℃水浴中加热3 m in进行甲酯化,以毛细管色谱柱PEG-20M(30 m×0.32 mm,i.d.)分离,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为内标,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。方法在硬脂酸与内标的质量比在0.1~10范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997);硬脂酸钠的相对标准偏差为1.35%(n=7);回收率为96.9%~98.1%。