双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统的三维噪音测量及其分析技术

针对基于双近贴式X射线像增强器的射线成像系统,提出了该系统的三维噪音测试及分析方法.分析了各噪音因子的含义,用三维曲线描绘出空间域和时间域噪音的分布情况,结合数字图像处理技术,测量了双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统在微焦斑射线源四种照射条件下的三维噪音,并对其结果进行分析.分析表明,其结果与双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统实际性能相吻合.     

位错点阵投影的三维数字成像

提出一种基于位错点阵投影的三维数字成像方法。该方法以二维点阵结构光顺序照明参考平面和被测物体表面,通过分析分别投影在参考平面和物体上的点阵的成像过程,建立投射在参考平面和被测物体表面上的点阵中同一点在成像面上横向位置错动与被测物体深度之间的数学模型。依据此模型,通过计算相对应点在成像平面上的横向位移。可计算出物体的深度图像。二维点阵可以在垂直于光轴的平面内做横向和纵向的两维移动,以填补由于离散而丢失的其他空间点的深度信息,获得高空间分辨率。实验验证了该方法的可行性,此方法对于拓扑复杂的表面和大梯度表面有较强的适应性。     

电子散斑干涉位移场分离技术及其在三维测量中的应用

提供了一种可将离面位移与面内位移分离的三维位移场测量方法.在双光束电子散斑干涉中增加参考光,使这一路参考光为两光束所共用.两束光各自独立地对变形物体进行测量,结合相移技术,可分别得到包含离面和面内位移信息的二幅位相图.只需简单的位相运算就能够将面内位移场与离面位移场分离.在竖直方向上,采用两光束对称照明被测物,直接测量面内位移竖直方向分量.本文将该技术应用到柴油机油泵测量上,得到了油泵的三维位移场.该技术为三维位移场的测量提供了一种新的有效途径,也为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供了新的方法.     

双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统的三维噪音测量及其分析技术

针对基于双近贴式X射线像增强器的射线成像系统,提出了该系统的三维噪音测试及分析方法.分析了各噪音因子的含义,用三维曲线描绘出空间域和时间域噪音的分布情况,结合数字图像处理技术,测量了双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统在微焦斑射线源四种照射条件下的三维噪音,并对其结果进行分析.分析表明,其结果与双近贴式X射线像增强器成像系统实际性能相吻合.     

旋转孔径散斑照相法用于动态三维位移场的研测

采用两套旋转孔径散斑照相系统对动态三维位移场进行了研测。一次实验可把缓慢连续变形体的动态三维位移场的整个变化过程记录于两张散斑图上．对散斑图进行全场滤波可摄取所有各时刻的三个位移分量的信息。     

利用白光数字图像频域分析法测量工程高分子材料Ⅲ型裂纹尖端应力强度因子

白光数字图像频域分析法具有测试系统简单,非接触,全场测量等优点,通过频域相关算法分析可以得到三维位移场。推导了用白光数字图像频域分析法的双CCD系统测量三维位移场的公式,并将其应用于Ш型裂纹尖端应力强度因子的测量。     

一种提高双CCD图像拼接精度的方法

利用一对光楔间距变化时,通过它的成像光束的像点会产生微小偏移这一特性,在双CCD图像拼接探测器中增加了光楔调整机构,该光楔调整机构包含两对光楔,一对光楔用于CCD水平方向的图像调整;另一对用于垂直方向的图像调整。通过设计、制作,光楔调整机构最终应用于双CCD图像拼接探测器的装调。装调过程显示:加装光楔调整机构对原有光学系统没有任何影响,可以实现精度高于0.001 mm的图像移动量,有效降低了双CCD图像拼接探测器的装调难度,提高了拼接图像质量,降低了生产成本。     

蜡烛火焰三维温度场重建实验研究

本文在实验室中以蜡烛火焰为研究对象,研究采用辐射图像处理技术重建蜡烛三维温度场。并采用细丝热电偶实测火焰局部温度,对蜡烛火焰三维温度场可视化的结果进行了比较。结果表明,火焰高温区的重建温度是合理的,此方法能够很好地重建单峰、双峰三维温度分布。进一步证实了基于火焰图像处理技术实现三维温度场可视化的可行性。     

Speckle photography applied to statistical analysis of turbulence

A speckle photographic technique is used for visualizing the planar distribution of the refractive deflection angles of light transmitted through the compressible turbulent flow. Both double and single (prolonged) exposure speckle photography are applied for statistical analysis of such flows. Using single (prolonged) exposure speckle photography (SPESP), instantaneous quantitative measurement of 2-D distribution of turbulence intensity in a flame is performed. Anisotropy of turbulence is visualized by a diffraction halo form and quantitatively evaluated by measuring the diffraction halo diameters. Using double exposure speckle photography (DESP), quantitative visualization of the planar distribution of the refractive deflection angles of the light transmitted through the compressible turbulent flow is done. Turbulent structures are visible in the patterns of the deflection angles isolines. The 2-D correlation functions of these deflection angles are constructed and analyzed. The 3-D density correlation functions are evaluated using the Erbeck–Merzkirch integral transformation.     

Recognition of a light line pattern by Hu moments for 3-D reconstruction of a rotated object

A simple technique of a light line projection for 3-D shape detection of rotated objects is presented. In this technique, an object is rotated around its symmetrical axis four times at an angle by using an electromechanical device and scanned by a light line. Four views of the object surface are extracted from each one of these rotations by processing a set of light line images. These views are connected using rotation angle and origin coordinates to obtain the complete 3-D shape. Angle and origin are calculated by recognition of a light line pattern. Light line pattern is recognized by Hu moments. In this manner, measurement errors on setup are avoided. It is an advantage over common methods, where these two parameters are measured directly on the setup to obtain the 3-D shape. Local profilometric method is based on the perturbation that the light line suffers when it is projected on the object surface. This perturbation is observed on an image plane due to the different direction between light line projector and viewer. These perturbations are measured by using Gaussian functions. In this technique the light line images are processed in very fast form. The technique and processing time are presented in detail. This technique is tested with objects, which have little information and its experimental results are also presented.     

A stereoscopic digital speckle photography system for 3-D displacement field measurements

Stereoscopic digital speckle photography offers a technique to measure object shapes and 3-D displacement fields in experimental mechanics. The system measures the displacement of a random white light speckle pattern, which somehow is present on the object surface, using digital correlation. This paper describes a general physical model for stereo imaging systems. A camera calibration algorithm, which takes the distortion in the lenses into account, is also presented and evaluated by real experiments. Standard deviations of small deformations as low as 1% of the pixel size for in-plane deformations and 6% of the pixel size for the out-of-plane component are reported. Using the calibration algorithm described, the main source of errors is random errors originating from the correlation algorithm.     

非相干光实现的二维复数离散傅里叶变换

本文给出了用非相干光束来实现二维复数离散傅里叶交换的方法.建立了一个多成像光学系统.此系统充分利用了光的平行处理特性,二维数据可同时处理.光学上的复数表示可采用二种编码方法来实现.我们选取了N=6二维输入数据来验证上述方法,实验所获得的结果与计算机模拟相一致.     

三维电子散斑干涉载频调制及其在柴油机上的应用

将电子散斑干涉场的三维载波调制技术应用到三维物体变形测量中.用水平方向、竖直方向及垂直试件表面的三路相干光分别照明物体，在水平和竖直方向通过控制反射镜的微小偏转引入载波，实现位移场干涉条纹的调制；利用物体的微小偏转实现离面位移场干涉条纹的调制；结合傅里叶变换法，分别解调出变形场的位相，从而实现了物体三维变形场的精确测量.将该技术应用到柴油机油泵的三维位移测量上，成功测量了油泵的三维位移场.     

Four-dimensional geometric element definitions and interferences via five-dimensional homogeneous processing

Abstract  

We have systematized various studies on 4-D visualization and interaction thus far, and we proposed 4-D geometric algorithms via 5-D homogeneous processing. Our framework uses 5 × 5 matrices and 5 × 5 determinants to express various types of transformations, and it simplifies geometric operations without the use of division operations. Using the proposed scheme, we developed an interactive 4-D space display system. The simplicity, generality, and duality of 5-D homogeneous processing are effective not only for 4-D geometric operations but also for interference problems among various 4-D objects. However, the processing regarding geometric characteristics of 4-D objects was not considered in our previous works. In this paper, we describe 4-D geometric elements, in general, and we discuss 4-D computational geometry via 5-D homogeneous processing. Unified geometric operations without the use of division operations constitute the most important part of 5-D homogeneous processing. We systematize the methods for 4-D geometric element definitions and interferences via 5-D homogeneous processing. In the field of 4-D visualization, the proposed algorithms can be potentially used in a user interface for feature detection of a 4-D object and collision detection of several 4-D objects. We comprehensively develop and advance the theoretical framework in the field of 4-D graphics. It is expected that this method of processing will be useful for the performance improvement of 4-D graphics systems.     

物体内部三维位移场分析的数字图像相关方法

提出了物体内部三维位移场的数字图像相关分析方法，对物体变形前后，或连续变形的两个相邻状态的内部三维结构的数字图像，通过相关运算获得三维位移场.文中给出了三维相关法的体搜索窗口、相关函数及亚像素运算的相关系数拟合函数.数字模拟结果证明了三维相关法的正确性及可靠性.位移计算精度为0.02像素. 关键词： 数字图像相关 三维相关 亚像素     

一种基于激光调制的高精度位移测量方法

激光准直技术在位移测量及相关应用中具有重要作用,其核心器件是位置敏感探测器,环境杂散光、电源波动、光电信号处理电路噪声等是影响测量精度的主要因素。针对以上问题,提出一种基于激光调制的高精度位移测量方法。将激光器由直流驱动的连续输出模式改为交流驱动的调制模式输出,优化设计光电探测器微弱光电信号的调理与采集系统,通过编写Labview软件对信号进行频谱分析、带通滤波、均值处理等,对激光连续输出和激光调制输出2种情况分别进行了实验测试与分析,并对比了位移测量的稳定性。实验结果表明:其测量值波动范围从7 μm减少到了2.6 μm,验证了基于激光调制方法的有效性,可以通过滤波更加有效地消除噪声,测量精度提高至3 μm以内。     

基于数字彩色结构光投影的唇动三维测量

提出了基于数字彩色结构光投影的动态三维测量轮廓术,用于人在讲话过程中嘴唇的三维测量。介绍了彩色编码轮廓术的基本原理,再通过分色和条纹细化处理,实现了对动态不连续嘴唇的测量。实验验证了测量方案的有效性。     

Ring Light Beam Deflector: Theory

The arrayed-waveguide deflector for 3-D light beam steering is described. The proposed structure with a 2-D waveguide is suitable for using the electrooptic effect. The device can also generate a light beam with phase singularity. Its usage is expected to find many applications including measurement and information processing. When the device is used to implement an N channel large-scale optical switch, only a 3N^1/2 waveguide array is required for a phaser. Fast beam steering will lead to new field of applications impossible with conventional devices.     

Three-Dimensional Large Screen Display Using Polymer-Dispersed Liquid-Crystal Light Valves and a Schlieren Optical System: Proposal and Basic Experiments

A novel three-dimensional (3-D) projection display used with polarized eyeglasses is proposed. It consists of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal-light valves that modulate the illuminated light based on light scattering, a polarization beam splitter, and a Schlieren projection system. The features of the proposed display include a 3-D image display with a single projector, half size and half power consumption compared with a conventional 3-D projector with polarized glasses. Measured electro-optic characteristics of a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal cell inserted between crossed polarizers suggests that the proposed display achieves small cross talk and high-extinction ratio.     

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Large Screen Display Using Polymer-Dispersed Liquid-Crystal Light Valves and a Schlieren Optical System

The performance of a novel three-dimensional (3-D) image projector with polarized glasses is analyzed that consists of polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal light valves and a Schlieren optical system. The cross-talk and the extinction-ratio characteristics of the new 3-D display have been calculated by means of Mueller matrices. Quantitative analyses show that the proposed display achieves small cross talk of less than 1% and sufficient extinction ratio almost the same as the light valve.