一维光子晶体激光器中模场的空间分布及其对阈值的影响

采用有限时域差分（FDTD）法和传输矩阵法（TMM）计算了一维光子晶体微腔中模式的阈值和模场的空间分布,并用局域化长度和模面积描述了其空间分布特性.着重研究了模场的空间分布对阈值特性的影响.模拟结果显示,激光器的阈值依赖于模式的空间分布,局域化长度和模面积最小的模式具有最低阈值.通过调节包括缺陷宽度、光学厚度比、折射率比等介质参量,可以有效地调节模式的局域化长度和模面积,从而降低激光器的阈值.     

一维光子晶体带边激光器的阈值特性分析

采用麦克斯韦方程和速率方程相结合的模型和时域有限差分法,利用引入的有效增益分布因子概念研究了光子晶体中本征模的阈值特性。增益介质的大小以及在光子晶体中的位置直接影响光子晶体带边激光器的输出特性;有效增益分布因子描述了光子晶体中增益介质的空间分布特性。结果显示,带边本征模的激射阈值依赖于有效增益分布因子。不同的本征模具有不同的有效增益分布因子,那些有效增益分布因子较大的模式具有较低的阈值。通过调整增益介质的位置和长度,可以提高有效增益分布因子的值,从而降低激光器的阈值,这对于实现激光器的低阈值运行有指导作用。     

基于紧束缚理论的一维多镜像光子晶体特性研究

基于紧束缚理论,分析了一维多镜像光子晶体中多缺陷模的产生及缺陷模式分裂的机理,建立了缺陷模频率与缺陷层相对位置的关系模型.采用传输矩阵理论研究了双镜像光子晶体的光学传输特性,并讨论了光子晶体周期层数、入射角度、介质层厚度等及介质的相对折射率差等参数对光子晶体缺陷模特性的影响.模拟结果表明,调整光子晶体参数和缺陷层的相对位置可有效调控光子晶体的缺陷模特性,可为光子晶体多通道滤波器等光学器件的设计和应用提供一定的理论参考.     

优化电激励光子晶体单缺陷激光腔结构

设计和制作电激励光子晶体微腔激光器的一个困难是电流的注入问题,而且电流的路径时常会导致微腔的Q值降低。将三维并行时域有限差分方法用于电激励光子晶体单缺陷激光腔研究,给出了微腔的本征模式分布。根据模式特点,选择单极子模式作为研究对象。数值模拟表明,在保持C_(6v)对称性条件前提下,微调最靠近微腔中心的6个空气孔的位置使得单极子模式的光场分布在腔边缘发生缓慢变化可以将单极子模的Q值和Purcell因子提高大约7倍。即激光器阈值可以降低7倍。     

一维边发射有机半导体光子晶体激光器设计

基于有机共轭聚合物聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,4-苯乙炔](MEH-PPV)的脊形波导,利用光子晶体特殊的光调制特性,模拟设计了一维边发射有机光子晶体激光器。利用光子晶体的带隙结构和带边效应构建了由光子晶体全反镜和透反镜形成的谐振腔,在谐振腔内的脊形波导上引入一维缺陷型光子晶体,利用光子晶体缺陷模特性抑制了多纵模竞争,并在此基础上分析了复合结构所导致的边界模效应,得出此类非金属微腔激光器腔长设计的经验公式。模拟结果表明该一维边发射有机光子晶体激光器可实现中心波长为588nm、半峰全宽为0.131nm的单纵模激光输出。     

太赫兹自由电子激光光腔光子晶体镜的设计

利用传输矩阵法对太赫兹自由电子激光光腔光子晶体镜进行了模拟设计,中心波段在1~3 THz。对光腔镜的光子晶体结构参数如介质厚度、层数、折射率与反射率的关系等进行了研究,并给出了一维光子晶体用于高反镜的设计方法。通过对耦合输出镜光子晶体中引入缺陷层情况的数值模拟,发现通过对缺陷层的调节设计,可以实现耦合输出率的可调谐;并给出了可用于THz 自由电子激光光腔耦合输出镜的调节方法。通过对介质层厚度的调节设计,可以实现反射光谱的整体移动,从而实现宽谱可调谐,扩大了高反镜及耦合输出镜的调节范围。     

光子晶体在半导体激光器中的应用

激光的发明，将人类带入光通信、光存储、光显示的高科技文明中，随着高科技的不断发展、进步和应用范围的不断扩大，对激光的要求更高，例如低阈值、高效率、高亮度、高速、小体积、好的模式特性等，这些要求在现有的传统激光器理论及技术中是难以达到的。但是当人们将光子晶体的理论与现有激光物理和技术相结合时，则有望突破传统激光器的性能瓶颈。例如，提高自发辐射速率，同时获得更高的自发辐射向受激辐射的耦合效率，实现激光器的无阈值工作；利用光子晶体对光子态的调制作用，可以获得比传统激光器大几个数量级的光学腔品质因子，大幅度提高激光的亮度、单色性；结合光子晶体微腔及其显著增加的光学腔品质因子，可以提高激光器的调制速率等，因此，人们预期光子晶体科学与技术将成为未来光电子领域发展的核心之一。文章介绍了光子晶体在半导体激光器中的应用，指出光子晶体科学技术引入发展了几十年的半导体激光器中，使半导体激光器展现出更加优异的性能。最后文章作者展望了光子晶体激光器的未来发展和应用的方向。     

光子晶体垂直腔面发射850nm波长激光器研究

文章报道了国内首次研制成功的光子晶体垂直腔面发射850nm波长激光器，实现了连续电注入激射．发现器件能否激射直接依赖于光子晶体结构参数，而激光器的阈值、输出功率、输出模式等与光子晶体的晶格常数、占空比、腔的大小等因素有关．     

染料掺杂光子晶体荧光带隙边缘的激射研究

利用激光全息光刻技术, 在重铬酸盐明胶 感光材料中制备了掺杂有机染料的层状光子晶体. 在532 nm纳秒脉冲激光激励下, 样品的荧光光谱表现出良好的带隙特征; 随着抽运能量的增加, 在荧光带隙带边位置获得了激射光, 并进一步研究了光子晶体的带边位置与染料荧光峰的匹配对激射的影响.带边位置越靠近染料的荧光峰, 激射阈值越低, 反之则不易产生激射.该研究为超低阈值光子晶体激光器的发展提供了思路和方法. 关键词： 全息光刻 光子晶体 荧光带隙 低阈值激射     

一维新型阶梯函数光子晶体透射特性

研究了阶梯型折射率n22、n11(阶梯分布高度)的大小、对应的分布厚度、不同入射角以及缺陷模对阶梯函数型光子晶体透射特性的影响.由费马原理给出光在函数光子晶体中的运动方程,再由电磁传播理论给出函数光子晶体的传输矩阵,进一步推导出函数光子晶体的透射率以及电场分布的表达式.研究表明,1)随n22,n11大小或者厚度改变,其禁带变宽;2)随光的入射角增加,其禁带变窄;3)当加入缺陷层时,随着缺陷层介质折射率增加,缺陷模强度减小且位置发生红移;4)在函数光子晶体中,缺陷层前电场分布保持不变,而在缺陷层处以及之后的电场强度都明显增强,这不同于常规光子晶体的电场分布仅在缺陷层处局域增强.     

可见光波段SiO2/CdSe一维光子晶体及缺陷模的研究究

采用SiO2/CdSe构建了可见光波段一维光子晶体结构,并在其中引入LiTaO3缺陷层。利用传输矩阵法,分析了电磁波在无缺陷与含LiTaO3缺陷层两种光子晶体中的带隙结构,系统地研究了缺陷层参数对光子晶体可见光波段带隙结构的影响规律。计算结果表明：LiTaO3的引入,有利于带隙宽度的增加,调整缺陷层结构参数,缺陷模的位置可在不同颜色区域出现,如红光、黄光等缺陷模。该结构有望用于制作可见光波段的滤波器。     

一维光子晶体谐振腔的模式类型及其性质

利用光学传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体谐振腔的谐振波长、品质因子和缺陷层厚度之间的变化关系,发现谐振腔内存在不同级次的谐振模式;对于同一级次的谐振模式,品质因子在某一波长(λm)时达到极大值,该波长恰为光子晶体反射率最高处所对应的波长,也是该光子晶体的布拉格共振反射波长;在λm处,品质因子随级次的增加而线性增加;品质因子随周期层数增加而指数增加,但其增长因子与模式级次无关,也与周期数无关,只与谐振波长有关;对于所有级次的谐振模式,增长因子在λm处达到最大值。这对提高品质因子、减小谐振腔体积、优化谐振腔有重要意义。     

Optical defect modes at an active defect layer in photonic liquid crystals

An analytic approach to the theory of the optical defect modes in photonic liquid crystals in the case of an active defect layer is developed. The analytic study is facilitated by the choice of the problem parameters related to the dielectric properties of the studied structures. The chosen models allow eliminating polarization mixing at the external surfaces of the studied structures. The dispersion equations determining the relation of the defect mode (DM) frequency to the dielectric characteristics of an isotropic, birefringent and absorbing (amplifying) defect layer and its thickness are obtained. Analytic expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients of the defect mode structure (DMS) (photonic liquid crystal-active defect layer-photonic liquid crystal) are presented and analyzed. The effect of anomalously strong light absorption at the defect mode frequency for an absorbing defect layer is discussed. It is shown that in a distributed feed-back lasing at the DMS with an amplifying defect layer, adjusting the lasing frequency to the DM frequency results in a significant decrease in the lasing threshold and the threshold gain decreases as the defect layer thickness increases. It is found that, generally speaking, the layer birefringence and dielectric jumps at the interfaces of the defect layer and photonic liquid crystal reduce the DM lifetime in comparison with the DMS with an isotropic defect layer without dielectric jumps at the interfaces. Correspondingly, generally speaking, the effect of anomalously strong light absorption at the defect mode frequency and the decrease in the lasing threshold are not so pronounced as in the case of the DMS with an isotropic defect layer without dielectric jumps at the interfaces. The case of a DMS with a low defect layer birefringence and sufficiently large dielectric jumps are studied in detail. The options of effectively influencing the DM parameters by changing the defect layer dielectric properties, and the birefringence in particular, are discussed.     

Two-dimensional photonic crystals with a lattice defect: Spectrum of defect modes, localization of light, and formation of evanescent waves

Properties of an electromagnetic field localized in the defect modes of two-dimensional photonic crystals are studied. The defect-mode spectrum of these structures is calculated, electromagnetic field localization and channeling effects are analyzed, and the properties of the field inside and beyond a photonic crystal with a lattice defect are also studied. The calculations show that the electromagnetic field is localized in the defect mode of a photonic crystal in a region smaller than the wavelength. The dependence of the defect-mode spectrum on the parameters of the photonic crystal is investigated and possibilities for controlling the spectrum of defect modes are indicated. It is shown that the optical field leaving a photonic crystal possesses the properties of a evanescent wave, which means that spatial resolution substantially greater than the wavelength of the radiation can be achieved in the near field and opens up possibilities for using photonic crystals with a lattice defect in near-field optical microscopy. The possibility of externally controlling an optical field localized in the defect modes of a photonic crystals is demonstrated.     

One-dimensional photonic crystals with a planar oriented nematic layer: Temperature and angular dependence of the spectra of defect modes

Transmission spectra of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) formed by two multilayer dielectric mirrors and a planar oriented layer of 5CB nematic liquid crystal (LC) that is sandwiched between these mirrors and serves as a structure defect are investigated experimentally. Specific features of the behavior of the spectrum of defect modes as a function of the angle of incidence of light on the crystal are studied for two polarizations: parallel and perpendicular to the director of the LC; the director either lies in the plane of incidence or is perpendicular to it. It is shown that, for the configurations considered, the maxima of the defect modes shift toward the short-wavelength region as the tilt angle of incidence radiation increases; this tendency is more manifest for the parallel-polarized component, when the director lies in the plane of incidence. In the latter case, the width of the photonic band gap (PBG) appreciably decreases. The temperature dependence of the polarization components of the transmission spectra of a PC is investigated in the case of normal incidence of light. The spectral shift of defect modes due to the variation of the refractive index of the LC at the nematic-isotropic liquid phase transition point is measured. It is shown that, in real PCs, the amplitude of defect modes decreases when approaching the center of the band gap, as well as when the number of layers in the dielectric mirrors increases. Theoretical transmission spectra of the PCs calculated by the method of recurrence relations with regard to the decay of defect modes are in good agreement with experimental data.     

光子晶体晶粒尺寸和排列结构对随机激光辐射特性的影响

研究了光子晶体对随机激光器的输出特性的调控,并分析了光子晶体的晶粒尺寸和排列结构等对调控作用的影响.对于同一随机介质而言,上下表面用同种材料不同晶粒尺寸的光子晶体覆盖,结果显示:晶粒尺寸合适的光子晶体会使光在系统中来回振荡从而得到很好的放大,使系统中的光与随机增益介质的相互作用加强,激光阈值降低;同时还对激光模式有较强的调制能力,能在一定程度上抑制自发辐射,使之向所需要的频率内辐射.但如果光子晶体的晶粒尺寸与随机增益介质结构匹配不当,则光子晶体对激光模式调制能力较弱,光场能量不能有效地被局域在系统中,系统 关键词： 有限时域差分法 光子晶体 随机激光 辐射特性     

表层厚度渐变一维耦合腔光子晶体的反射相位特性及其应用

利用传输矩阵法研究了表层厚度渐变的一维非对称耦合腔光子晶体的反射相位特性. 研究表明, 光子禁带内(包括缺陷模附近)的反射率在98%以上, 且基本不受表层厚度影响, 特别是, 在非正入射情况下, 简并的缺陷模随着表层厚度的变化会发生分裂; 进一步研究发现, 在缺陷模分裂处附近, TE, TM偏振的反射相位以及它们之间的相位差均敏感地依赖于表层厚度的变化, 从而使得反射光的偏振态也随表层厚度的变化而敏感变化, 其物理机理在于缺陷模分裂所造成的剧烈相位变化. 基于上述特性, 设计了一种表层厚度呈二维周期变化的一维光子晶体结构, 从该结构反射的激光经透镜聚焦后, 在聚焦区域同时存在各种偏振态(包括沿不同方向的线偏振、左旋或右旋圆偏振、椭圆偏振等)的子光束, 它们叠加后在聚焦区域将产生具有无规相位和无规偏振态的光场. 以上结果能有效降低激光的相干性, 在激光核聚变等领域有潜在的应用价值.     

Localized electromagnetic modes and the transmission spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with lattice defects

The properties of localized electromagnetic modes in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a structural defect layer were studied. The role of the defect was played by an anisotropic nematic liquid crystal layer. The frequency and the damping factor of defect modes were shown to substantially depend on the defect layer thickness and the orientation of the optical axis of the nematic. The transmission spectra of photonic crystals with one and two lattice defects were studied. Taking into account the special feature of nematic liquid crystals distinguishing them from usual crystals, namely, large permittivity anisotropy, it was shown that the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal could be controlled by varying the orientation of the optical axis of the nematic, for instance, under the action of an external electric field.