基于平面波导激励的修正长程表面波的传感器研究

为了解决传统的强度检测型波导激励的表面等离子体共振传感器灵敏度不高的缺点,研究平面波导激励的介质膜-金属-被测介质的可激发修正的长程表面等离子体波结构。采用离子交换的方法制备折射率可用费米函数拟合的平面波导,研究了离子交换时间对平面波导的模数及等效折射率等特性的影响,为激励波导的优化设计提供有效依据。采用制备的平面波导激励介质膜-金属-被测介质的非对称结构,研究金属材质、介质膜厚和金属膜厚等因素对修正的长程表面等离子体波特性的影响,对被测溶液的折射率进行检测。实验结果表明,其灵敏度为传统的强度检测型表面等离子体共振传感器的6倍,并且具有较好的线性关系。     

带有T型腔的MIM波导的法诺共振特性研究

设计了一种带有枝节的金属-介质-金属(MIM)波导与T型谐振腔侧耦合的表面等离子体光波导结构。利用有限元法(FEM),数值分析了改变耦合距离、T型腔几何尺寸及其不对称性、枝节高度对法诺(Fano)共振谱线的影响。结合电磁场分布进一步揭示了Fano共振现象产生的物理机理,由此可以动态调节表面等离子体波在结构中传输时产生的Fano共振特性。另外,研究表明在T型腔内填充不同折射率的材料,利用所设计的波导结构可以实现灵敏度高达940nm/RIU的纳米尺度的折射率传感器。最后研究了结构的慢光传输特性,可以在Fano峰值附近实现约0.025ps的光学延迟。这种新型的表面等离子体光波导可能会在光子器件集成、慢光效应及纳米传感领域有着较大的应用前景。     

费米折射率平面波导激励的差分检测型对称结构表面等离子共振传感研究

为了实现被测折射率范围可调,提高检测灵敏度,将双波长差分检测技术应用于平面波导激励的金属-介质-金属组成的对称型表面等离子体共振传感结构中.通过对对称结构的模式特性分析,研究了该结构中激发等离子体表面波时,介质厚度与被测折射率的关系及双波长差分检测的原理.采用离子交换法制备平面波导,用费米函数拟合其渐变折射率分布.用光强调制方式,分别进行单波长和双波长差分检测,对折射率为1.33~1.428之间的甘油溶液进行测试,实验结果表明,该结构可激发等离子体表面波,与传统平面波导激励的表面等离子体共振传感结构相比,通过改变被测介质的厚度可以改变共振条件,进而改变折射率的测量范围.若被测范围选择合适,检测的线性较好,采用差分检测方法比单波长检测方法的灵敏度提高近一倍.     

带有开口方环谐振腔的MIM波导的Fano谐振特性研究

本文设计了一种支持Fano谐振传输特性的金属-介质-金属(MIM)型表面等离子体光波导结构,该结构由带有枝节谐振腔的直波导和一个开口方环谐振腔组成。利用数值方法详细研究了Fano谐振传输特性对几何参数的依赖关系,并通过时域耦合模理论(CMT)对给定参数条件下的传输谱进行了拟合验证。同时,也对该结构在折射率传感器方面的应用进行了研究,通过计算介质折射率变化引起的Fano谐振峰的波长变化可以发现,传感器的灵敏度高达1500nm/RIU,品质因子超过1800。这种表面等离子体光波导结构在光子器件集成及纳米滤波器、快速光开关以及折射率传感器等领域有一定的应用前景。     

加入增益介质的表面等离子体激元耦合共振波导传输特性理论研究

将增益介质加入金属环构成的表面等离子体激元耦合共振波导,利用传输矩阵及时域有限差分方法研究了不同增益系数下该耦合共振波导的透射谱线、色散关系以及群折射率.结果表明,增益介质共振频率附近的反常色散及正常色散变化能有效影响由共振波导几何结构决定的色散关系曲线,且具有相反的效果,分别使其变得平坦和陡峭,从而放大和缩小由共振波导几何结构决定的群折射率.另外,增益系数随外加抽运光改变的特点使得加入增益介质的耦合共振波导具有传输性能可灵活调节特性.文章的研究对促进耦合共振波导在高密度光学集成中的广泛应用具有积极意义. 关键词： 增益介质 耦合共振波导 表面等离子体激元 群折射率     

深亚波长约束的表面等离子体纳米激光器研究

本文提出了一种新颖的基于半导体纳米线/空气间隙/金属薄膜 复合结构的表面等离子体纳米激光器, 并给出了理论研究和仿真分析. 这种结构通过金属界面的表面等离子体模式与高增益介质纳米线波导模式耦合, 从而使场增强效应得到显著提高. 同时通过数值仿真研究, 得到该混合波导结构的模式特性和增益阈值随空气槽宽度、纳米线半径的变化规律, 表明它可以实现对输出光场的深亚波长约束, 同时保持低损耗传输和高场强限制能力. 通过最优化选择, 最终得到纳米等离子体激光器的最优结构尺寸. 关键词： 表面等离子体 混合等离子体波导 纳米激光器     

基于金属-介质-金属多层膜结构的空芯光纤折射率传感器

提出了一种新型的基于金属-介质-金属的多层膜结构的空芯光纤折射率传感器,通过建立光学模型计算了该传感器的传输光谱。对介质膜材料分别为二氧化硅、环烯烃聚合物和碘化银时的传感器性能进行了分析。当空芯光纤内部检测液体折射率处于不同范围时,所设计的传感器分别利用导模共振、表面等离子体共振以及波导耦合表面等离子体共振的原理进行传感。相比于传统的空芯光纤传感器,所提的传感器不仅检测范围超大(1.3~1.64,几乎覆盖了全部液体介质的折射率)而且品质因数提高了一倍。     

偏振方向及结构间耦合作用对空心方形银纳米结构表面等离子体共振的影响

空心方形纳米结构能够激发更大面积的增强电场,故其可以作为衬底用于表面增强拉曼散射.应用离散偶极子近似算法研究了空心方形银纳米结构的消光光谱及其近场电场分布与入射光偏振方向之间的关系.研究表明,空心方形银纳米结构的表面等离子体共振峰不随入射光偏振方向的改变而移动,但是其表面增强电场分布却强烈地依赖于入射光的偏振方向.另外,还讨论了空心方形银纳米结构间的耦合作用对其表面等离子体共振模式的影响.结果发现,可以通过调节结构间的距离来改变结构间的耦合作用,同时改变了表面等离子体共振峰的位置.这些结果将为理解闭合纳米 关键词： 空心方形银纳米结构 表面等离子体 偏振 电场耦合     

表面等离子体和人工电磁介质纳米光子器件

贵重金属在纳米光子学中开始起着越来越重要的作用,特别是贵重金属的表面等离子体效应和人工电磁介质结构的应用。表面等离子体纳米光子器件能实现光学模的亚波长束缚,因此在超高集成度光路、发光二极管、传感器、探测器等应用中将起着巨大的作用。同时,亚波长金属材料组成的人工电磁介质也能展现出各种激动人心的物理特性和潜在的应用。表面等离子体器件和人工电磁介质结构都需要贵重金属（如金、银等）作为其基本的组成元素。在这里,将回顾我们研究小组最近在表面等离子体器件和人工电磁介质结构方面的一些进展。将系统介绍光通讯波段的亚波长表面等离子波导和普通硅波导之间的高性能耦合器,以及超薄、宽吸收角度的亚波长人工电磁介质完美吸收结构等内容。也将简单介绍我们利用表面等离子体效应和人工电磁介质结构在隐形方面的一些研究。     

基于MIM谐振腔内嵌金属方芯结构的可调谐Fano共振

设计了一种由内嵌金属方芯的金属-绝缘体-金属方形气腔以及两个侧耦合波导组成的耦合结构,并采用有限元方法研究了该结构的传播特性.结果表明:通过对气腔内金属方芯偏离角和偏离距离的调节可以获得并调制Fano共振;该Fano共振由对称破缺或几何效应影响左右波导和谐振腔之间耦合区域中的场分布强度所致,场分布模式的变化是由波导模和腔模之间的干涉引起的.此外,Fano共振的光谱位置和调制深度对偏差参数十分敏感,通过计算不同偏差角及偏差距离下的折射率传感特性发现,其折射率敏感度最高达1 508nm/RIU,品质因数最高达1 308.研究结果为设计更加灵活、简单、高效的片上等离子体纳米传感器提供了理论依据.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.